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All Journal BERITA BIOLOGI Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology)
Suharyanto Suharyanto
Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

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KARAKTERISASI GALUR HIBRIDA HASIL PERSILANGAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) ASAL JAMBI, KALIMANTAN SELATAN DAN JAWA BARAT BERDASARKAN METODE TRUSS MORFOMETRIK Suharyanto Suharyanto; Rita Febrianti; Sularto Sularto; Ade Anom Abimanyu
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 17, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v17i1.2845

Abstract

Giant gouramy is a native fish to Indonesia and widely distributed in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and kinship of Giant Gouramy from crosses between strains Jambi, South Kalimantan, and West Java (Tasikmalaya). This Research was conducted at the Giant gouramy Hatchery of Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, West Java. Analysis of morphological diversity of all crosses between varieties performed through morphometric measurements that have been determined based on a point benchmark of 16 haracteristics of the truss. Measurement data of each character crosses which have beenrelativized by standard length were analyzed using discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The result showed that Giant gouramy has low diversity coefficient values, ranging from 4 to13%. The highest coefficient of variance (CV) was found in the character of C3 (the tip of the anal fin-base of the tail fin), which ranges from 18-33% and the lowest in the character B5 (the base of the pelvic fin-tip of the dorsal fin) in the range of 2-4%. Based on discriminant analysis, males Giant Gouramy have more character differences than females. The closest kinship relationship is in hybrid of Tasikmalaya and Jambi (TJ) strain with of South Kalimantan and Tasikmalaya ( KT) which has a similarity level at 89.41%. However, the farthest kinship is in pure line of Tasikmalaya (TT) and Jambi (JJ) with the three other strains namely South Kalimantan and Jambi (KJ), Tasikmalaya and Jambi (TJ) and South Kalimantan and Tasikmalaya (KT) with a value of similarity of 53.93%.
Estimates of genetic distance, combining ability and heterosis for body weight of cross four populations of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lacepede 1801 Sularto Sularto; Rita Febrianti; Suharyanto Suharyanto
Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 2 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Masyarakat Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Ichthyological Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32491/jii.v17i2.353

Abstract

The superior giant gourami can be obtained through hybridization. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic distance, combined ability, and crossbreeding heterosis at the age of eleven months from the four gourami populations: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya. The study was conducted at the Research Institute for Fish Breeding Sukamandi. Genetic distance calculations were done by truss morphometric characterization with a sample of each of crossbred many as 30 individuals with the standard length range 3.5 - 12.2 cm. The data was analyzed using discrimi-nant analysis and continued with "cluster procedure" to get a dendrogram using SAS program 6:03. Heterosis was cal-culated based on the performance of the hybrid compared to the average performance parent each pair consisting of one male and two females. The results of this study showed that the four populations of giant gourami have different genetic distances. Giant gourami population from Borneo have the farthest genetic distance compared with the three other populations, whereas giant gourami from Jambi and from Majalengka has a close genetic distance. Jambi population shows the highest general combining ability with a positive value 21.82 g. The highest value of specific combining ability is obtained from a cross between the Majalengka female with the Jambi male with a positive value 75.30 g. The crosses also has the highest heterosis value that was equal to 41.78%, follows by a cross between the Tasikmalaya fe-male with the Jambi males (30.1%) and a cross between the Borneo females with the Jambi males (22.35%). The three crosses prospectively to produce superior hybrid of giant gourami. Abstrak Hibridisasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan ikan gurami unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengesti-masi jarak genetik empat populasi ikan gurami, yakni : Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya, serta meng-hitung daya gabung gen serta heterosis persilangannya pada umur 11 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan Sukamandi. Perhitungan jarak genetik dilakukan berdasarkan karakterisasi truss morfometrik dengan jumlah sampel masing-masing hasil persilangan sebanyak 30 ekor dengan kisaran panjang baku 3,5 – 12,2 cm. Data dianalisis dengan analisis diskriminan dan dilanjutkan dengan “cluster procedure” untuk mendapatkan dendrogram menggunakan program SAS 6.03. Heterosis dihitung berdasarkan performa hibrida dibandingkan performa rata-rata induk tetuanya masing-masing pasangan induk terdiri atas 1 jantan dan 2 betina. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keempat populasi ikan gurami mempunyai jarak genetik yang berbeda. Populasi gurami asal Kalimantan mem-punyai jarak genetik terjauh dibandingkan dengan ketiga populasi lainnya, sedangkan ikan gurami asal Jambi dan asal Majalengka memiliki jarak genetik yang dekat. Populasi Jambi menunjukkan daya gabung umum tertinggi dengan nilai positif 21,82 g. Nilai daya gabung spesifik tertinggi didapatkan dari persilangan antara betina Majalengka dengan jantan Jambi dengan nilai positif 75,30 g. Persilangan tersebut juga memiliki nilai heterosis tertinggi yaitu sebesar 41,78%, selanjutnya diikuti persilangan betina Tasikmalaya dengan jantan Jambi sebesar 30,1% dan persilangan betina Kaliman-tan dengan jantan Jambi sebesar 22,35%. Ketiga persilangan tersebut prospektif untuk dijadikan ikan gurami hibrida unggulan.
KARAKTERISASI EMPAT POPULASI IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) DAN PERSILANGANNYA BERDASARKAN METODE TRUSS MORFOMETRIKS Suharyanto Suharyanto; Rita Febrianti; Sularto Sularto
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 11, No 2 (2016): (Juni 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (545.575 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jra.11.2.2016.125-135

Abstract

Tahap awal yang dilakukan dalam rangka pembentukan populasi ikan gurami cepat tumbuh adalah koleksi dan karakterisasi populasi-populasi ikan gurami yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber genetik pembentukan varietas tersebut. Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi dan hubungan kekerabatan empat populasi ikan gurami, yaitu Jambi (J), Kalimantan Selatan (K), Majalengka (M), dan Tasikmalaya (T). Metode truss morfometrik digunakan untuk karakterisasi morfologi dilanjutkan dengan analisis komponen utama (principal component analysis) dan analisis pengelompokan (cluster analysis). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa diagram pencar populasi ikan gurami tanpa melihat jenis kelamin menunjukkan adanya pengelompokan populasi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok pertama adalah persilangan JxM dan MxK, sedangkan kelompok kedua terdiri atas persilangan JxK, KxJ, TxJ, KxM, MxJ, KxT, galur murni KxK, JxJ, MxM, dan TxT. Hal tersebut terjadi pula pada populasi jantan. Populasi betina menunjukkan JxK dan MxK terpisah berdasarkan karakter A2 (dahi-pangkal sirip punggung) dan A3 (pangkal sirip punggung-pangkal sirip perut). Indeks kesamaan tertinggi dalam 12 populasi diperoleh pada populasi Jambi dan Majalengka berturut-turut sebesar 94,00% dan 92,00%; sedangkan indeks kesamaan terendah diperoleh pada populasi TJ sebesar 72,00%. Ikan gurami ukuran konsumsi terdapat empat kelompok besar berdasarkan bentuk badannya. Dua kelompok pada galur murni menunjukkan populasi galur murni Kalimantan, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya kekerabatannya dekat, akan tetapi dengan Jambi memiliki kekerabatan yang jauh. Dua kelompok lainnya pada populasi persilangan, yaitu: persilangan JxM dan MxK dan kelompok lainnya adalah persilangan KxJ, KxM, JxK, TxJ, MxJ, dan KxT. Populasi galur murni dan persilangan memiliki jarak genetik yang jauh, sehingga populasi galur murni dan persilangan itu berbeda.The first step in breeding program towards generating fast-growing strain of giant gourami is the collection and characterization of giant gourami populations have been used as a genetic source. Giant gourami had been collected from South Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya. The aim of this experiment was to determine the morphological diversity among these collected populations using truss morphometric method. Principal component analysis followed by cluster analysis were used to identify the pattern of morphological variability among populations and varieties. The results showed that dendrogram populations of giant gourami regardless of gender showed a grouping of some of the population into two groups: the first group was J×M and M×K crosses, while the second population consisted of: Jambi Kalimantan (J×K), Kalimantan Jambi (K×J), Tasikmalaya Jambi (T×J), Kalimantan Majalengka (K×M), Majalengka Jambi (M×J), Kalimantan Tasikmalaya (K×T), purebred Kalimantan (K×K), Jambi (J×J), Majalengka (M×M), and Tasikmalaya (T×T). This was true for the male population. Female population showed J×K and M×K apart, the difference lies in the character of the forehead-base of the dorsal fin (A2) and the base of the dorsal fin-fin base stomach (A3). The highest similarity index was found Jambi (94.00%) Majalengka (92.00%) populations, while the lowest similarity index was T×J (72.00%). At market size of the consumption of giant gourami there are four major groups, based on the shape of the body. Two groups on pure strains showed a population of pure lines Kalimantan, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya close kinship, but Jambi had a distant kinship. Two other groups in the population crosses, namely: cross J×M and M×K and the other group was a cross K×J, M×K, J×K, T×J, M×J, and K×T. The population of pure lines and crosses had a genetic distance away, so that the population of pure lines and crosses were different.
Co-Authors Ade Anom Abimanyu Rita Febrianti Sularto Sularto Sularto Sularto