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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 gene in fixed orthodontic patients Susilowati Susilowati; Mansjur Nasir; Imam Mudjari; Thalca Hamid
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance produces structural and biochemical changes and breaking the balance between the synthesis and the breakdown of the collagen in the periodontium. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) plays an important role in the remodeling of periodontal ligament during orthodontic movement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of MMP-8 gene in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of fixed orthodontic patients. It is expexted that the result can be used as a reference to decide the proper time for elastomeric chain to be reactivated. Methods: Orthodontic fixed appliances were placed on 8 patients and elastomeric chains exerting 75 grams were attached to produce canine distalization. GCF samples were collected from the distal side of upper canines before force application, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4 weeks after application consecutively. The samples were analyzed by using RT-PCR. Statistical analyses used were univariate analysis and Mann-WhitneyU test. Results: The expression of MMP-8 in the GCF at t0 was 31.3% but the force application elevated its expression to 65.6% at t1, and then decreased continously at t2, t3, and t4. There was no statistically significant difference of MMP-8 gene expression between t0 and t3. Conclusion: The highest level of MMP-8 gene expression due to orthodontic forces was occured in the first week, but it declined continously in the following weeks. The proper time to reactivate an elastomeric chain was 3 weeks after application.Latar belakang: Perawatan ortodontik dengan peranti cekat menghasilkan perubahan-perubahan stuktural dan biokimiawi pada jaringan periodontal dan mengganggu keseimbangan antara sintesis dan pemecahan kolagen pada periodonsium. Matrix metalloproteinase-8MMP-8 memainkan peran yang penting dalam remodeling ligamentum periodontal selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengamati ekspresi gen MMP-8 dalam cairan krevikuler gingiva (GCF) dari pasien ortodontik cekat. Diharapkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan waktu yang paling tepat untuk mengaktivasi kembali rantai elastomer. Metode: Peranti ortodontik cekat dipasang pada 8 pasien dan rantai elastomer dengan kekuatan 75 gram dipasang untuk menarik gigi kaninus ke distal. Sampel GCF dikumpulkan dari bagian distal gigi kaninus atas berturut-turut sebelum aplikasi gaya, 1-, 2-, 3-, dan 4 minggu setelah aplikasi. Sampel dianalisis dengan menggunakan RT-PCR. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Ekspresi gen MMP-8 di dalam GCF pada t0 adalah 31.3%, tetapi pemberian tekanan menaikkan ekspresinya menjadi 65,6% pada t1 dan kemudian menurun secara kontinyu pada t2, t3, dan t4. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara ekspresi gen MMP-8 pada to dan t3. Kesimpulan: Tingkat ekspresi tertinggi dari gen MMP-8 akibat tekanan ortodontik terjadi pada minggu pertama, tetapi kemudian menurun pada minggu-minggu berikutnya. Waktu yang paling tepat untuk mengaktivasi kembali rantai elastomer adalah 3 minggu setelah aplikasi.

Rasio lebar mesiodistal gigi Bolton pada geligi berjejal dan geligi normal Susilowati Susilowati; Meryl Dekaria
Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2007): Formerly Jurnal Dentofasial ISSN 1412-8926
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/jdmfs.v6i1.135

The orthodontic â€œfinishingâ€ phase is recognized for the many details to accomplish anexcellent result. A high percentage of finishing-phase difficulties arise because of toothsize imbalance that could have been considered during the initial diagnosis and treatmentplanning. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Bolton's analysis appliesfor the crowded and non crowded dentitions. This study involved 60 subjects (30crowded and 30 non-crowded; 29 males and 31 females). Criteria for sample selectioncomprised absence of interproximal caries/filling, no residual crown-bridge restoration,no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergone orthodontic treatment, and thepresence of teeth from right first molar through left first molar, both upper and lower.Tooth size measurements were performed on study models. The statistical analysis usedwere descriptive and t-test. The results of the study were as follows: the mesiodistal toothwidths on males were bigger that those on females, the mesiodistal tooth widths oncrowded group were bigger than those on normal group but the difference wasinsignificant statistically (p>0.05); anterior ratio in crowded group was smaller that thatin normal group; overall ratio in crowded group was bigger than that in normal group butthe difference was insignificant (p>0.05). Anterior ratio of the two groups was biggerthan Anterior Bolton Mean, it means that the discrepancy was present on the lower arch.Overall ratio of the two groups was smaller than Overall Bolton Mean, it means that thediscrepancy was present on the upper arch.

Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar Susilowati Susilowati; Sulastry Sulastry
Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2007): Formerly Jurnal Dentofasial ISSN 1412-8926
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/jdmfs.v6i2.178

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05Â°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77Â°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

Hubungan antara derajat konveksitas profil jaringan keras dan jaringan lunak wajah pada suku Bugis dan Makassar Susilowati Susilowati
Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Formerly Jurnal Dentofasial ISSN 1412-8926
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

One of the orthodontic treatment goals is to correct malocclusion in order to get ahealthy occlusion functionally and esthetically. Facial esthetics is greatly influencedby soft tissue facial profile. The aim of the study was to know the relationship betweenthe convexity degree of skeletal and soft tissue facial profiles. A sample of 50cephalometric radiographs of untreated individuals (32 female, 18 males) wasobtained. Criteria for sample selection comprised were aged over 17 years, neverundergone orthodontic treatment, Makassarese and/or Buginese of ancestry, and thepresence of complete teeth from the left through the right first molars. The followingangular measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms: the skeletalconvexity degree (N-A-Pog) and the soft tissue convexity degree (n-no-pog), based onthe Subtelnyâ€™s analysis. The data was analyzed statistically by using independent t-testand correlation test. The results were as the mean values of skeletal convexity degreewere 167.44Âº (male) and 166.53Âº (female), and the mean values of soft tissue convexitydegree were 159.05o(male) and 162.77o(female)Conclusion of the study is there wasa significant correlation between degree of skeletal and soft tissue convexity.

Peran matriks metaloproteinase-8 pada cairan krevikuler gingiva selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik Susilowati Susilowati
Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2010): Formerly Jurnal Dentofasial ISSN 1412-8926
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/jdmfs.v9i1.232

Orthodontic treatment usually involves tooth movement. The orthodontic force as anextrinsic mechanical stimulus, evokes a biologic cellular response in the periodontalsupporting ligament. At early stage, it causes inflammation of periodontal tissuewhich is followed by the release of cytokines, T cell, B cell, and then MMP enzyme.MMP-8 (collagenase 2) is a member of matrixin subfamily plays an important role inperiodontal ligament remodeling. It has capability to maintain the cellular structure,integrity, activity, and function of extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue. The maincomponent of extracellular matrix is tissue protein, i.e. collagen, fibronectin, andglicosaminoglycan. During orthodontic tooth movement, collagen degradation occursin extracellular matrix of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. As a result, it enablesthe release of cells from extracellular environment, for example osteoblast moves toapposition and osteoclast to resorption sites that enable the tooth movement. Theexpression and level of MMP-8 can be assessed in the gingival crevicular fluid. Theaim of this review is to describe the role of MMP-8 in orthodontic tooth movement.

Relationship between ratio of 2nd and 4th digit lengths (2D:4D) and malocclusion in 13-15-years-old children: a case study at Unismuh Junior High School, Makassar Ainnayah Lobud; Susilowati
Makassar Dental Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): Volume 9 No 2 Agustus 2020
Publisher : Makassar Dental Journal PDGI Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35856/mdj.v9i2.323

Background: Malocclusion is a condition that is not in accordance with the process of growth and development that can be seen with the disharmony of the relationship between the teeth, relationship of jaw arches, face and overall. The 2D:4D ratio can be corelated with hormones that have a role in growth.Therefore, ratio 2D:4D can be used as an early marker of disease, intelligence, reproductive ability and probability of jaw growth patterns. Objective: To know the relationship between the ratio of second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D) and the types of malocclusion on the students of Unismuh Junior HighSchool. Method: This observational descriptive study with purposive sampling was performed on students aged 13-15 years old with total sample 100 people.Malocclusion examination was conducted to identify the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion. A digital vernier caliper was used to measure a ratio between2D and 4D. The data were analyzed using chi-square test. Result: 96 people had Class 1 (2D<4D=77, 2D>4D=19), 4 people had Class 2 (2D>4D=3, 2D<4D=1), Class 1 type 1 of 34 people (2D< 4D=29, 2D>4D=5), Class 1 type 2 of 3 people (2D<4D=2, 2D>4D=1) and Class 1 type 6 of 16 people (2D<4D=12,2D>4D=4). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the ratio 2D:4D with the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion.

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