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All Journal Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Agni Febrina Pargaputri
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya
Dentistry

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Antibacterial effects of Pluchea indica Less leaf extract on E. faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro) Agni Febrina Pargaputri; Elly Munadziroh; Retno Indrawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (467.685 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p93-98

Abstract

Background: Enterococcus. faecalis (E. faecalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) are the most common bacteria found in infected tooth root canal. Most of these bacteria often cause failure in endodontic treatments. Pluchea indica Less leaf is a species of plants that has several chemical properties. It consists of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, and essensial oils which have been reported as antibacterial agents. Because of its benefits, the extract of Pluchea indica Less leaves may be potentially developed as one of root canal sterilization dressing. Purpose: This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of Pluchea indica Less leaves extract against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria. Method: Dilution method was conducted first to show Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum. The antibacterial activity test on Pluchea indica Less leaves extract was performed on E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria using agar diffusion method. The Pluchea indica Less leaves extract used for antibacterial activity test was at a concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%. Thirty-five petridiscs were used and divided into five groups based on the extract concentration. Result: The results showed strong and moderate antibacterial effects of the Pluchea indica Less leaves extract on E. faecalis at the concentrations of 100% and 50%, while on F. nucleatum only at the concentration of 100% with moderate effect. Conclusion: Pluchea indica Less leaves extract has antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and F. nucleatum bacteria with strong-moderate effect.
The effects of Acanthus ilicifolius chloroform extract on TLR-2 expression of macrophages in oral candidiasis Dwi Andriani; Agni Febrina Pargaputri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 51 No. 4 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (298.312 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p205-209

Abstract

Background: Immunosuppressed conditions due to long-term corticosteroid and tetracycline consumption are susceptible to fungal invasion, especially by Candida albicans (C. albicans), that requires treatment of oral candidiasis. Toll like receptor-2 (TLR-2) plays a role in candida recognition. Nystatin is regularly employed for oral candidiasis, but produces certain side-effects. Chloroform extract of Acanthus ilicifolius (A. ilicifolius) leaves represents both a potent inhibitor of C. albicans growth and an antioxidant. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of A. ilicifolius leaf chloroform extract and nystatin treatment on TLR-2 expression in oral candidiasis immunosupressed models. Methods: This study constitutes a true experimental investigation incorporating a post test-only control group design. 20 healthy male Rattus novergicus (Wistar), aged 12 weeks and with an average weight of 250g, were immunosuppressed through oral administration of dexamethasoneand tetracycline for a period of 21 days before being induced with C. albicans (ATCC-10231) 6 x 108 for two weeks. The subjects were divided into five groups (n=4/group): healthy (H), no-treatment(P), nystatin treatment(N), A. Ilicifollius (8%) treatment (AI-1) and A. ilicifollius (16%) treatment (AI-2). The subjects were treated for 14 days, with their tongue being subsequently biopsied. TLR-2 expression was subjected to immunohistochemical examination, observed under a microscope (400x magnification) and statistically analyzed (one-way Anova, LSD-test, p<0.05). Results: TLR-2 expression of P (6.25 ± 2.5), N (11.25 ± 0.96), AI-1 (13.00 ± 1.15), AI-2 (12.75 ± 1.7) was higher than H (1.75 ± 0.5). Significant differences existed between N to P, N, AI-1, AI-2; P to N, AI-1 and AI-2 (p<0.05). No significant differences were present between N, AI-1 and AI-2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A. ilicifolius extract can increase expression of TLR-2 in oral Candidiasis-immunosuppressed models. A. ilicifolius extract produces the same effect in increasing TLR-2 expression when compared to nystatin.
Co-Authors Andriani, Dwi Elly Munadziroh Retno Indrawati Roestamadji