Karina Erda Saninggar
Faculty Of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya

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The Monomer Elution of Bulk-Fill Sculptable Composite and Flowable Composite after Photopolymerization Nanik Zubaidah; Adioro Soetojo; Kun Ismiyatin; Karina Erda Saninggar; Hendri Eko Wahyudi; Sylvia; Sandra Kartika Sari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14853

Abstract

Introduction: Composite resins have excellent mechanical properties, including fast polymerization,aesthetic quality, easy handling, and the ability to adhere to the enamel surfaces. However, there are alsosome disadvantages from this material, one of them is residual monomers. Bulk-fill composite resins areavailable in sculptable (solid) and flowable (liquid) form. Most composite resin matrix is aromatic oraliphatic acrylates. Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA are the matrix monomers that are commonly used butshow a high cytotoxicity level. They also have poor mechanical properties such as wear resistance, hardness,tendency to change color, and may cause pulp reactions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate thenumber of residual monomers in bulk-fill sculptable and flowable composites in the submersion of 75%ethanol solution (10 minutes, an hour, and 24 hours). Methods: Sculptable and flowable composites wereused in this study. Samples (4 mm thick, 5 mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 10 secondswith an intensity of 1025 mW / cm2 of a light emitted diode (LED). After the sample was made, each samplewas immediately immersed in a 75% ethanol solution as an extraction liquid and stored in amber-coloredbottles at room temperature. Samples were taken as many as 7 cc at intervals of 10 minutes, an hour, and 24hours. Samples were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The data obtainedwere analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney Test at a significancelevel of p <0.05. Result: The amount of elusion remaining monomers of the bulk-fill flowable compositewas higher than bulk-fill sculptable composite. UDMA composite of bulk fill flowable submersed in 75%ethanol solution for 24 hours was the highest among other monomers. Conclusion: Residual monomerseluted inside bulk-fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers increaseswith time.
Effectiveness of light-emitting diode exposure on photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis: in vitro study Nanik Zubaidah; Agus Subiwahjudi; Dinda Dewi Artini; Karina Erda Saninggar
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 2 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i2.p71-75

Abstract

Background: A successful root canal treatment eliminates pathogenic bacteria from infected root canals. The most common bacteria in root canal infections is Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), due to its resistance to medicament and root canal irrigation. A photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of root canal disinfection that uses a combination of photosensitisers and light activation to eliminate bacteria in the root canal. The duration of the PDT irradiation results in the production of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate the E. faecalis bacteria. Purpose: To analyse the differences in the duration exposure of photodynamic therapy against the E. faecalis bacteria. Methods: The E. faecalis bacteria culture was divided into seven eppendorf tubes. Group I was a control group, and group II, III, IV, V, VI and VII were treated using PDT consisting of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) photosensitiser and light source irradiation for ten, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds, respectively. After incubation, the number of bacteria was calculated by the Quebec Colony Counter and analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the number of E. faecalis bacteria colonies in each treatment group (p <0.05). Group VI and VII, which had a longer exposure to PDT, showed a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer exposure of PDT results in a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. The light irradiation of 50 seconds is the most effective to eliminate E. faecalis bacteria.
Chimeric proteins consisting of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and a collagen-binding peptide: An in silico analysis Salma Najmi Dhaniswari; Andi Amanda Artenia Putri; Karina Erda Saninggar; Fumika Abe; Isao Hirata; Koichi Kato
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 59 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v59.i2.p160-165

Abstract

Background: To design functional chimeric proteins, the order of connected domains and the insertion of a linker between the domains need to be optimized for the proper folding of individual domains. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of linker lengths and their flexibility, as well as domain arrangements. Methods: Focusing on a chimeric protein consisting of a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) domain, a collagen-binding peptide derived from osteopontin (OPNP) or decorin (DECP), and different lengths of flexible (GGGGS)n or rigid (EAAAK)n linkers, the three-dimensional structure of these chimeric proteins was computationally analyzed using AlphaFold2. The predicted structure of the BMP2 domain was compared with the BMP2 reference structure. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) was determined between the backbone α-carbons in the predicted and reference structures to assess the structural integrity of the BMP2 domain. Results: The RMSD determined for the BMP2 chimeras decreased by inserting the flexible linkers, with relatively small RMSD in the case of OPNP-(GGGGS)1–4-BMP2 and DECP-(GGGGS)1–2-BMP2. In the case of the rigid linkers, the RMSD was slightly larger than in the case of the flexible linkers. Most of the RMSD values for the chimeric proteins binding to the receptor were smaller than those in the unbound state. Regarding the domain arrangements, a slightly smaller RMSD was observed in the case of N-terminal OPNP or DECP fusion with the flexible and rigid linkers than in the opposite cases. Conclusion: Adding OPNP or DECP at the N-terminus of the BMP2 domain through the flexible (GGGGS)1–3 linker is advantageous for the structural integrity of the BMP2 domain.