Efa Laela Fakhriah
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran

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PENEMUAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM MELALUI PEMBUKTIAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BUKTI ELEKTRONIK DALAM MENGADILI DAN MEMUTUS SENGKETA PERDATA Efa Laela Fakhriah
Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum Volume 5 Nomor 1 September 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/jbmh.v5i1.50

Abstract

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan sistem hukum acara perdata yang berlaku, hakim terikat pada alat-alat bukti yang sah, yang berarti bahwa hakim hanya boleh menjatuhkan putusan berdasarkan alat-alat bukti yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang saja sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 164 HIR. Di samping itu juga alat bukti pemeriksaan setempat sebagaimana dan keterangan saksi ahli Hukum pembuktian yang berlaku saat ini, secara formal belum mengakomodasi dokumen elektronik sebagai alat bukti, sedangkan dalam praktiknya di masyarakat melalui transaksi perdagangan secara elektronik, alat bukti elektronik sudah banyak digunakan, terutama dalam transaksi bisnis modern. Tulisan ini menghasilkan simpulan bahwa dalam hal memeriksa perkara yang pembuktiannya menggunakan bukti-bukti bersifat elektronik, karena hukum acara perdata (HIR) sebagai hukum formil tidak mengaturnya, maka hakim dapat mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil yang juga mengatur tentang hukum acara, dalam hal ini Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik atau Undang-undang Dokumen Perusahaan. Akan tetapi seandainya pun tidak ada peraturan materil yang mengatur tentang bukti elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah dipersidangan, atau hakim tidak mau mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil, hakim dapat melakukan penemuan hukum dengan cara analogi atau penafsiran hukum terhadap bukti yang bersifat elektronik agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan sebagaimana halnya alat bukti yang diatur dalam hukum acara perdata.Kata kunci: bukti elektronik; pembuktian; penemuan hukum. ABSTRACTAccording to the Civil Procedural Law system, the judges were bound to the legal evidences, which meant that the judges might only impose the verdict based on legal evidences which determined by the law as stated in Article 164 HIR for instances: documentary evidence, witness’ statement, allegation, recognition, and oath. In addition, the local inspection as legal evidence was also regulated in Article 153 HIR, and the expert statement stipulated in Article 154 HIR. The current of evidentiary law, was not accommodating electronic documents yet as legal evidence, while in fact electronic trading transactions among societies needed electronic evidence had been widely used, especially in modern business transactions. The problem was how the judge conducted a legal discovery in giving verdict in lawsuit dispute which was handled to use electronic evidence as legal evidence, in the other hand, according to the Civil Procedural Law system stated that evidentiary was legitimate when done using the evidence that had been determined/regulated in the Civil Procedural Regulation.Keywords: electronic evidence; evidentiary; legal discovery.
Understanding The Plurality Of Consumer Dispute Resolution In Indonesia: A Comparative Study With Singapore Anita Afriana; Efa Laela Fakhriah
Yuridika Vol. 34 No. 1 (2019): Volume 34 No 1 January 2019
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.801 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ydk.v34i1.9091

Abstract

Globalization has impacted many aspects of human life. It accelerates trade transactions between producers and consumers. Despite of numerous advantageous it brings, globalization also has a potential to cause various disadvantageous and loss to the consumers that ultimately lead to consumer disputes. In general, consumer disputes involve small amount of loss and complaint filed by the consumers for material compensation. In Indonesia, consumer dispute resolution is carried out not only by the Consumer Dispute Settlement Body (BPSK) but also through the courts. Recently, there are many newly-established consumer dispute settlement institutions. This article is part of a completed study discussing a plurality of consumer dispute settlement in Indonesia and a comparative analysis with the one available in Singapore. The study applies normative juridical research method and qualitative juridical analysis, it can be concluded that the plurality of consumer dispute settlement in Indonesia has led to convoluted mechanisms and procedures in settling disputes. This leads to a lack of legal certainty. The comparative law study being the instrument of this study is a critical instrument in the framework of legal reformation. Result shows that in Singapore, consumer disputes are resolved by a Small Claims Procedure method on State Court and through CASE as a private nonlitigation agency with specific consumer characteristics and disputes.Â