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Sintesa Fluorinated Tin Oxide (FTO) Menggunakan Prekursor Ramah Lingkungan Dan Penambahan Graphene Dengan Metode Deposisi Spray Coating Untuk Aplikasi Material Konduktif Transparan Rino Rinaldi; Amun Amri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 2 (2016): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) films were fabricated on a glass substrate by a spray coating deposition methode. Non-toxic SnF2 was used as fluorine source to replace toxic HF or NH4F. Effect of SnF2 content, 0 – 10 mol% and 115 ppm graphene as comparison to the fluor content on the substrate, on structure, electrical resistivity, optical transmittance of the films and morfology were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Multimeter, UV–vis spectra and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural analysis revealed that the films are amorf with crystal structure. Grain size varies from 501 nm - 175 nm with increasing fluorine concentration, which in fact critically impacts resultant electrical and optical properties. The 300 °C-annealed FTO film containing 10 mol% SnF2 shows the lowest electrical resistivity 14,1 x 10-4 Ωcm, on 5x deposition repeat, optical transmittance 86,4% on 0 mol% SnF2 with once deposition repeat. The highest figure of merit 0,0453 x 104 Ω-1cm-1 which is used for standart of best quality of transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Because of the promising electrical and optical properties, F-doped thin films prepared by this green process are well-suited for use in all aspects of transparent conducting oxide.Keywords: Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) films, Transparent conducting oxide (TCO), Sol–gel dip-coating, Electrical resistivity, Optical properties, Figure of merit

Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Biji Kapuk (Ceiba Pentandra) Dengan Katalis Padat H-Zeolit Afrielyanda H; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Biodiesel as alternative diesel fuel made from renewable biological resources, such as vegetable oils and animal fats. In Indonesia, the fuel consumption is increasing every year, so often there is a shortage of fuel. Therefore, the latest innovations necessary to produce alternative energy such as biodiesel. In this research, the conversion of cotton seed oil to biodiesel was performed by using catalyst "H-zeolite". First, cotton seed is dried whole day in order to reduce the water content and then extracted using a solvent n-hexane. Then separate the solvent with oil until the oil obtained pure. Afterwards, cotton seed oil is converted into biodiesel using transesterification reaction with methanol as reagent and H-zeolite catalyst. Transesterification reaction is carried out at 600C temperature operating conditions, the stirring speed of 200 rpm and reaction time of 200 minutes. To get the maximum biodiesel, using variation the molar ratio of cotton seed oil and methanol (1: 3; 1: 6; 1: 9), the variation of the catalyst (1%, 2%, 3% w/w) were performed in this research . The results showed maximum biodiesel conversion of about 79.35%, the molar ratio of cotton seed oil and methanol 1: 9 and catalyst 2% of the total amount of oil. Based on the analysis of physical properties of biodiesel has a density of 859 kg / m3, 5.60 cSt viscosity, acid number 0.561 mg-KOH / g sample. In addition, analysis of the chemical properties of biodiesel from cotton seed oil using GC - MS.Keywords : Cotton seed oils, Biodiessel, H-zeolit catalyst, Transesterification reaction.

Pirolisis Biomassa Kayu Pinus (Wood Pine) Dengan Katalis Mo/Lempung Menjadi Bio-Oil M Arfi Adharyandy Firman; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2016
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Indonesia high dependence on fossil fuels from year to year makes the conditions of dwindling fossil fuel reserves. This condition implies the need to optimize the use of renewable energy in order to maintain the availability of energy in the future. An alternative of renewable energy and eco friendly bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced by pyrolysis process of the pine wood biomass with a Mo/Clay catalyst. This research examines the influence of variations containing Mo (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and variations in the weight of the catalyst, Mo/clay (3%, 5% and 7% w/w) in the pyrolysis determine fir wood into bio-oil against the yield obtained and determine the physical and chemical properties of the bio-oil produced from pine wood pyrolysis process. In this research, pine wood biomass, as much as 50 grams with a size of 100 mesh, silinap 500 ml, and the catalyst Mo/clay incorporated in the pyrolysis reactor. Pyrolysis is carried out at 320oC and 300 rpm stirring speed for 120 minutes carried out by flowing nitrogen gas (N2) as an inert gas. The results showed that the optimum yield 61.89% was obtained on the catalyst, Mo/Clay 5% w/w with Mo metal content of 3% w/w. The result of the physical and chemical properties, obtained by the density (0.967 g / ml), viscosity (6.459 cSt), acidity (105.282 mg NaOH / g sample) and flash point (48oC). The results of chemical composition analysis by GC-MS, chemical components of the dominant acquired bio-oil m methylcyclohexyl bromide 9.42%, 3-butene-1,2-diol, 1- (2-furyl) - 6.95%, 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane 6.12%, cis-2,2-dimethyl-4-decene and 4.58% 1-propene, 2-methyl, tetramer 3.78%Keywords: Biomass, bio-oil, Mo/ clay catalyst, wood pine, pyrolysis

Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Callophyllum Inophyllum) Menggunakan Katalis Lantanum/Lempung : Studi Pemgaruh Suhu Reaksi Raja Valti Mhd Siregar; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Biodiesel is an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. It can be synthesized by transesterification process of palm oils. Commonly the process of producing biodiesel was used NaOH or KOH as homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage the formation of side products such as soaps and complexity of the separation of catalyst. Several research have developed that using heterogeneous catalys. Synthesis of biodiesel from callophyllum inophyllum oil using metal alloys lanthanum on clay as catalyst. This research studied the effect of temperature reaction with variations 55, 60, 65 oC to the yield of biodiesel produced, and to identifying the characteristics of biodiesel produced. This study begins activation of the catalyst in a way additions H2SO4, impregnation, calcination, oxidation and reduction. Furthermore, to remove impurities and gum contained in the oil was done the degumming process. After that, do the process of transesterification in the three neck flask reactor the mole ratio of methanol : oil 12: 1 and a reaction time 120 minutes. The result, highest biodiesel obtained amounted to 78.41% at the reaction temperature of 60 oC. Physical characterization of biodiesel were done such as density 857 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 4.735 mm2/s, acid number 0.61 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 127.5 oC respectively which have accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 04-1782-2006).Keywords :La / clay, callophyllum inophyllum oil, degumming, transesterification, biodiesel

Efek Aktivasi H2SO4 Terhadap Lempung Sebagai Katalis Dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Muhammad Disro; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Indonesia petroleum consumed are increasing, while hot Indonesia's petroleum reserves are depleting so that fuel substitution needs to be sought. Recent years, a lot of research has done, purposed to find an alternative source one of that is biodiesel. Raw material for biodiesel production can be from animal fat or vegetable oil. Crude palm oil (CPO) one of an alternative raw material. This research is aimed to produce biodiesel from CPO, studying factors which influences production process, such as catalyst, recycle and regeneration as well as to determine the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel produced. The transesterification process was done, a mole ratio of oil: methanol 1: 9, oil mass 50 grams, weight of the catalyst 1%-wt, having temperature of 60°C for 90 minutes. Clay catalysts are activated with acids, and then recycle and regeneration of catalyst. Result given by of alkaline activation of the catalyst 90.16%. Based on characterization of physical properties of biodiesel, result as follow density 0.869 g/ml, kinematic viscosity 4,65 mm2/s, the flash point 120oC and cetane number 51,74. The catalyst regeneration proved not a 100% of catalyst reactived.Keywords: biodiesel, clay, recycle, regeneration, transesterification

Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Pada Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L) Dengan Katalis La/Lempung Yenni Octavia; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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The increased energy needs of fossil fuels in particular leads to a decline in the world’s oil reserves which make this extremely rare. One way to reduce the energy crisis and the impact that fossil-funded energy use can have is to develop new and renewable energies such as vegetable fuels. One of the alternative forms of energy currently being developed is biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the environmentally friendly alternative to diesel fuel. This research studied the effect of agitation speed with variations 300 rpm, 400 rpm 500 rpm, metal that falls into clay with variations 1%, 3%, 5% and activation NaOH with variation 1N, 2N and 3N to the yield biodiesel produced, and to indentifying the characterictics of biodiesel produced. This study begins impregnation of La metal into clay, the La/clay catalyst is calcination for 6 hours at 500oC with N2 gas, oxidation for 2 hours at 400oC with O2 gas and reduction for 2 hours at 400oC with H2 gas. After that, do the process of esterification in the flat bed reactor the temperature reaction 60 oC and reaction time 60 minutes, and then process of transesterification with temperature reaction 60 oC, reaction time 90 minutes, ratio mole oil : methanol 1/9, and catalyst weight 3 % (w/w) oil. Highest biodiesel yield obtained amounted to 89,78 % at the agitation speed 400 rpm and metals La(5%)/clay activation NaOH 3N. Physical characterization of biodiesel were done such as density 884 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 5.54 mm2/s, acid number 0.676 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 139 oC respectively which have accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 04-7128-2015). Keywords: BBN, biodiesel, esterification, La/Clay catalyst, transesterification

Pirolisis Kulit Kayu Pinus (Pinus Mercusil) Menjadi Bio-Oil Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Lempung Laila Kusmiati; Syaiful Bahri; Khairat Khairat
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Requirement for the source of energy which increasing and petroleum reserve as source of primary energy which continuing attenuate to become the main reason for the importance ofsearching for alternative energy sources instead of petroleum. Biomass specially pine bark only considered as waste that pollutes the environment, whereas the pine bark is biomass that can be processed to become alternative energy that is bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced through pyrolisis process using catalyst Ni/clay. This research aim to study the effect of the ratio of amount of catalyst to biomass which variation to 3%, 5% and 7% b/b and also the effect of Ni metal consentrate on clay equal to 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% w /w of the yield bio-oil produced. In thisresearch, pine bark biomass as much 50 grams with size of --60+80 mesh, silinap 500 ml, and catalyst Ni/clay entered into pyrolisis reactor. Process of pyrolisis is conducted at temperature320 oC and stirring speed of 300 rpm during 120 minute with stream of nitrogen gas (N2) as inert gas. The result obtained indicate that optimum yield obtained at 2% catalyst Ni/clay asmuch as 7% of biomass that is equal to 61,03%. Physical properties test result obtained that is density (0,856 gr/ml), viscosity (9,306 cSt), acidity number (24,986 mg of NaOH/gr of sample) and flash point (54 oC). Result of chemical analysis with GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil are 2-Pentene 22,31%, Pentane 13,46%, 1-propene 7,55%, 2- Hexene 7,35 and 1-Pentene 5,95%.Keywords: Biomass, Bio-oil, Catalyst Ni/Clay, Pine Bark, Pyrolysis

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