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Ernawati Munadi

Unknown Affiliation

Author-ID : 324941

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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PENGGABUNGAN PASAR GULA KONSUMSI LANGSUNG DENGAN PASAR GULA INDUSTRI Wayan R. Susila; Ernawati Munadi
Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis Vol. 4 No. 1 (2007): Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2007
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

The government policy to separate the sugar market for direct consumption from industrial use has raised conflicts between sugar producers in both markets. This is due to the fact that the sugar in the industrial use market enters the market of sugar direct consumption, vice versa. To overcome this conflict, merging both markets as adopted in most countries is a potential policy option. This study aims to asses the magnitude and distribution of the impact of merging the markets. The results of the analysis showed that the impacts will strongly be influnced by the price of the sugar in the international market. When the price is low (US$ 300/ton), the producers of sugar direct consumption (faremers and sugar white sugar plants) will suffer from the merger, while refine sugar producers and consumers will gain benefits. However, as a whole the merger will create a net surplus around Rp 560 Billion. The reverse will occur if the merger is implemented when the sugar price is high (US$ 350/ton). As a whole, the merger will cause welfare lose of around Rp 1500 Billion. To overcome the negative impacts of the mergers, some policies options are also proposed in this study

ANALISIS EFISIENSI SISTEM TATA NIAGA GULA DI INDONESIA Ninuk Rahayu Ningrum; Ernawati Munadi; Tjahya Widayanti
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

Debate on Indonesia’s sugar polisy was stimulated by the sharp increase in the sugar retail price after the implementation of import regulatory policy regim based on the Trade and Industrial Ministry Decree No. 643/MPP/Kep/9/2002.23 September 2002 revised with the Trade and Industrial Ministry Decree No. 527/MPP/Kep/9/2004/and followed by Ministry of Trade Decree No. 19/M-DAG/PER/4/2006 tanggal 19 April 2006.UsIng the annual data for the period of 1998-2004,this study examines the “reasonable sugar retail price “in Indonesia using two approaches i.e (1) import parity and (2) production cost and distribution ; and based on those reasonable sugar retail prices, this study try to analize the efficiency of the “system tataniaga gula “in Indonesia.The results show that because of the government policy intervension, sugar retail price paid by the sugar cosumer in Indonesia is higher than if no government intervention ( free Trade). It is about 43.07 % and 3.43.% higher based on the first and second approach, respectively, moreover , due to the various, government policies related to tariff and import regulation, cosumer lost for about Rp. 3.8 – Rp 6.2 Trillion a year, but producer get benefit for about Rp.3.2 – Rp 5.2 Trilion ayear. Hence, The dead weight loss due to the”system tataniaga gula “is about Rp. 06- 10 trillion a year.

PENURUNAN PAJAK EKSPOR DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP EKSPOR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA KE CINA (PENDEKATAN ERROR CORRECTION MODEL) Ernawati Munadi
Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan Vol 1 No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Trade Analysis and Development Agency, Ministry of Trade of Republic of Indonesia

The palm oil Industry is an important sector in the Indonesian economiy as it is one of the country’s major export earners as well as food source for her population.Indonesia is the world second largest producer of palm oil after Malaysia, accounting for about 34% OF The world production in the year 2006. Indonesia is also the largest consumer of palm oil in the developing economies, in 2006. Indonesia consumed a total of 5.5 mn tonnes of palm oil. Of this amount 76.75% is comprised of frying oil. About 55% of the production is exported in the form of crude palm oil mainly to Asian countries primarily to India and China and Eruropean countries. Debate on Indonesia’s palm oil policy was stimulated by the sharp increase in cooking oil prices in 1994-1995 which resulted in the introduction of export tax rate on palm oil in order to maintain a certain level of domestic consumption.Using annual data for the period 1969-2006, an econometric approach mainly the error correction model. Was employed in this study This paper examines the impacts of reduction in export duty onthe import demand of Indonesian palm oil to China. The findings indicate that the quantity of palm oil exported to China is significantly influenced by changes in the soybean oil price, world palm oil price, Industrial Production Index (IPI) exchange rate and lagged of export demand of Indonesian palm oil to China by one year with the elasticity of 1,49, 1.47,0.24, 0.59, and 0.79, respectively. The coefficients for long run variables presented by the ECM are jointly not equal to zero.This result suggests that as a group, the long run variable (ECM) have influenced the changes in the export demand to China which is indicated by the significance of the coefficient. The simulation results suggest that the direct impact of reduction of export duty would increase the quantity exported to China. The Indonesia export to China from 95.36 thousand tones to 118,23 thousand tones.

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