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STATUS WANITA DI NEGARA MUSLIM MODERN: STUDI TERHADAP HUKUM KELUARGA DI TUNISIA DAN INDONESIA Lia Noviana
Kodifikasia: Jurnal Penelitian Islam Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN PONOROGO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/kodifikasia.v13i2.1832

Abstract

Salah satu fenomena penting yang muncul di dunia muslim sejak awal abad ke-20 adalah adanya upaya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di negara-negara berpenduduk mayoritas muslim baik dengan metode intra doctrinal reform maupun extra doctrinal reform. Adapun tujuan pembaharuan hukum keluarga di antaranya ialah untuk unifikasi hukum, tuntutan peningkatan status wanita dan merespon perkembangan masyarakat yang selalu bergerak dinamis. Dapat dikatakan bahwa tujuan kedua ini merupakan tujuan dari reformasi Undang-Undang Perkawinan di mayoritas negara-negara muslim, meskipun tidak menutup kemungkinan di beberapa negara mencakup beberapa tujuan sekaligus. Dengan menggunakan metode descriptive comparative, penelitian ini membahas tentang materi-materi pembaharuan hukum keluarga dan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di negara Tunisia dan Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Tunisia tidak lepas dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor eksternal: pengaruh Prancis dalam usaha sekularisasi dan pengaruh Habib Bourguiba yang berhasrat menjadikan Tunisia sebagai negara sekuler dan faktor internal: adanya reinterpretasi nash Al-Qur’an dan peningkatan status wanita di Tunisia. Sedangkan pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Indonesia dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya heterogenitas masyarakat dan usaha unifikasi hukum. [One important phenomenon that has emerged in the Muslim world since the beginning of the 20th century is the effort to reform family law in Muslim-majority countries with both intra-doctrinal reform and extra doctrinal reform methods. Some of the objectives of the renewal of family law are to unify the law, to legalize women’s equal rights, and to respond to the dynamic development of a society. It is well known that the legalization of women’s equal rights is mostly becomes the main goal in reforming the Marriage Law in the majority of Muslim countries, although some countries may also put other goals at once. Using descriptive-comparative methods, this study attempts to discuss the renewal material of family law and the factors that underlie the renewal in Indonesia and Tunisia. The results of the study show that the renewal of family law in Tunisia is inseparably influenced by two factors; namely external factors: the influence of France in their secularization efforts as well as the influence of Habib Bourguiba, who desires to make Tunisia as a secular state; and the internal factors: the reinterpretation of the Qur'anic text and some efforts done in Tunisia to improve the women’s status. On the other hand, the renewal of family law in Indonesia is motivated by the heterogeneity of the community and the effort of law unification].
Health and Medicine In the Islamic Worldview (Study on Aqidah and Shari'ah Perspectives) Lia Noviana; Asep Awaludin
Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tasfiyah.v6i1.7422

Abstract

Muslims nowadays face at least two unfortunate realities in accordance with medicinal treatment. The first reality is to take any medicines available at pharmacies without any idea of the lawful-status of these medicines; halâl or harâm. Despite of the well-known brands and merits, there are quite serious contra-indications found within those medicines.  The second reality is the Islamic -which are so called by alternative- medicines which, recently popular, yet mis-produced by some individuals to gain more profits. The outcome of this action made the price of these alternative medicines even higher. Thus, it is needed to find a solution  that could overcome these conditions.  That is the vision of reality and truth as a Muslim (Islamic worldview) toward healing as the problem solving. The characteristics of this Islamic worldview in accordance to this matter is the awareness as Muslim about the lawful status of medicines available,  a consciousness as a producers of these medicines to help others based on Islamic spirit as well as to socialize  ath-Thîb an-Nabawiy and finally the ultimate understanding that it is Allah SWT who gives health (asy-syifâ`)since He is ‘Asy-Syâfî’.
Praktik Jual Beli Buah Sistem Karungan Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Penti Vidiantika; Lia Noviana
Jurnal Antologi Hukum Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (350.873 KB) | DOI: 10.21154/antologihukum.v1i2.303

Abstract

There are various kinds of buying and selling activities in the Pulung market, starting from providing basic and secondary needs. Including buying and selling fruits with a sack system. In this sale and purchase, the collector does not provide a clear explanation of the quality of the object, so there are often discrepancies. This article aims to answer the following focus issues: First, it is related to how the Sharia Economic Law Compilation reviews the quality of objects in buying and selling fruit with the sack system. Second, it is related to how the Sharia Economic Law Compilation reviews the implementation of compensation in buying and selling fruit with the sack system at Pulung Ponorogo Market. This research includes field research using qualitative methods. While the data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the quality of objects in the sale and purchase of fruit with the sack system in the Pulung market, Pulung District, Ponorogo Regency is in accordance with KHES, because Article 76 of the KHES regarding the conditions for objects being traded has been fulfilled. And for the implementation of compensation in the sale and purchase of fruit with a sack system at the Pulung market, Pulung District, Ponorogo Regency, Article 77 of the KHES, because the collectors are already responsible and provide compensation for object defects. Terdapat berbagai macam kegiatan jual beli di pasar Pulung, mulai dari menyediakan kebutuhan pokok dan sekunder. Termasuk jual beli buah-buahan dengan sistem karungan. Dalam jual beli tersebut pihak pengepul tidak memberikan penjelasan mengenai kualitas objek dengan jelas, sehingga sering terdapat ketidaksesuaian. Artikel ini bertujuan menjawab fokus masalah berikut: Pertama, terkait bagaimana tinjauan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap kualitas objek dalam jual beli buah dengan sistem karungan. Kedua, terkait bagaimana tinjauan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap pelaksanaan ganti rugi dalam jual beli buah dengan sistem karungan di Pasar Pulung Ponorogo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas objek dalam jual beli buah dengan sistem karungan di pasar Pulung Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo sudah sesuai dengan KHES, karena sudah terpenuhi Pasal 76 KHES mengenai syarat obyek yang diperjualbelikan. Dan untuk pelaksanaan ganti rugi dalam jual beli buah dengan sistem karungan di pasar Pulung Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo sudah dengan Pasal 77 KHES, karena pengepul sudah bertanggungjawab dan memberikan ganti rugi atas kecacatan obyek.
Waris Transgender: Studi Komparatif antara Fikih Mawaris dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Eka Abriyani; Lia Noviana; Gushanda Lala Amalina; Nurhidayati Putri
Jurnal Antologi Hukum Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (436.092 KB) | DOI: 10.21154/antologihukum.v2i2.1326

Abstract

Transgender is a modern social phenomenon, transgender people whose way of behaving or looking is not by their gender role or dissatisfaction with their genitals. In Islam, transgender is called mukhannath which means to act like a woman or have many feminine and gentle qualities. The existence of the transgender phenomenon certainly impacts various aspects, one of which is regarding the concept of inheritance. Neither the Civil Code nor the Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith explain the inheritance provisions for transgender heirs. The problem that is the focus of this research is what is the status of transgender inheritance and what is the portion of transgender inheritance according to Fiqh Mawaris and the Civil Code. This type of research includes library research which uses a comparative library approach, namely a study conducted by comparing provisions, rules, principles, or the legal system. The study results show that the concept of inheritance for transgender heirs according to the Civil Code is the status of inheritance and the portion of inheritance given to them is not affected by their gender. In contrast, in the concept of transgender inheritance, according to Fikih Mawaris, transgender inheritance status is determined based on the reason for the person having sex surgery, if genital surgery is carried out to change without any urgent reasons, the inheritance status is based on gender before surgery. However, suppose the operation is carried out to perfect or repair as in khuntha for reasons that can be proven medically. In that case, the person's inheritance status is by the sex after the repair operation. This inheritance status also impacts the portion of inheritance obtained by transgender or mukhannath. For the portion of khuntha inheritance, in the opinion of some madhhab scholars, it has a different portion from people who do not have abnormalities in their sex. Transgender merupakan fenomena sosial modern, Transgender orang yang cara berperilaku atau berpenampilan tidak sesuai dengan peran gender atau ketidakpuasan dengan alat kelamin yang dimilikinya. Dalam Islam transgender disebut dengan mukhannath yang berarti bertingkah laku seperti perempuan atau memiliki banyak sifat kewanitaan dan lemah lembut. Adanya fenomena transgender tentu berdampak juga dalam berbagai aspek, salah satunya adalah mengenai konsep warisnya. Dalam KUHPerdata maupun Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits tidak dijelaskan ketentuan mewaris bagi ahli waris transgender. Permasalahan yang menjadi titik fokus pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana status waris transgender dan bagaimana bagian waris transgender menurut Fikih Mawaris dan Kitab undang-undang hukum Perdata. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yang menggunakan metode pendekatan komparatif pustaka yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan membandingkan ketentuan, kaidah, asas ataupun sistem hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep waris bagi ahli waris transgender menurut KUHPerdata adalah status waris dan bagian waris yang diberikan kepadanya tidak terpengaruh oleh jenis kelaminnya, sedangkan konsep waris transgender menurut Fikih Mawaris, status waris transgender ditentukan berdasarkan alasan orang tersebut melakukan operasi kelamin, jika operasi kelamin dilakukan dengan tujuan perubahan tanpa ada alasan mendesak maka status warisnya berdasarkan jenis kelamin sebelum operasi. Namun, jika operasi dilakukan dengan tujuan penyempurnaan atau perbaikan seperti pada khuntha karena ada alasan dapat dibuktikan secara medis maka status waris orang tersebut sesuai dengan jenis kelamin setelah operasi penyempurnaan. Status waris ini juga berdampak pada bagian waris yang didapatkan oleh transgender atau mukhannath dan untuk bagian waris khuntha menurut pendapat beberapa ulama mahzab memiliki bagian berbeda dengan orang yang tidak memiliki kelainan pada kelaminnya