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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Nor Hafizah Ngajikin
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Thermal Durability Characterization of a Simple Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) Based-Optical Waveguide Yulianti, Ian; Insan , Shiva Maulana Khoiru; Putra, Ngurah Made Darma; Purwinarko, Aji; Widiarti, Nuni; Ngajikin, Nor Hafizah
Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jpfa.v14n2.p113-124

Abstract

Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-based optical waveguide is a good candidate for a simple and low-cost waveguide. However, the thermal properties have not been investigated. In this work, thermal durability characterization of PMMA-based waveguide was carried out. Waveguide fabrication process was done in three stages, which are patterning the PMMA cladding, core material synthetization and core material application to the cladding. Core pattern with cross section area of 1×1 mm2 was engraved on the 4 cm long PMMA sheet. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was used as a core material. Characterizations were conducted for temperature dependent loss (TDL), temperature working range, and long exposure durability. For TDL characterization, the temperature varied from 30°C to 75°C. Meanwhile, for temperature working range, the waveguide was exposed to cycled heating. The thermal durability characterization was done by immersing the waveguide in distilled water at temperature of 40 °C for 288 hours. The results showed that a little change of output intensity occurred due to temperature variation with TDL of 0.0235 dB/°C. The maximum limit of the temperature is 70°C. For long exposure to temperature of 40oC, the results showed that the waveguide has a good performance.
Wireless charging and monitoring system utilizing internet of things technology for electric vehicle application A/L Kalaihrasan, Prabakaran; Zainal, Nurfarina; Ngajikin, Nor Hafizah; Sapuan, Syarfa’ Zahirah; Jubadi, Warsuzarina Mat; Lee, Hing Wah
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i4.8630

Abstract

Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles are major contributors to climate change and pollution, driving the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) as a cleaner alternative. However, EVs encounter challenges with charging infrastructure, notably the need for physical cables and issues with alignment for efficient charging. To address these problems, a wireless EV charging system has been developed using internet of things (IoT) technology for real-time monitoring and control. This system incorporates ESP32 and ESP8266 microcontrollers, infrared sensors, inductive coils, an OLED display, an ESP32-CAM module, relay modules, an AC to DC converter, a TP4056 charging module, a DC voltage sensor, and lithium-ion batteries. It employs a 20-turn coil for inductive coupled wireless power transfer (WPT), enabling the full charging of two lithium-ion batteries within 60 minutes. The system can detect an EV’s presence, display battery status on an OLED screen, and provide real-time images of the vehicle’s position through the SWEVCS mobile app. Infrared sensors ensure proper and precise alignment for effective charging. This advanced wireless charging solution enhances EV charging efficiency and convenience while supporting a more sustainable energy approach.
Co-Authors A/L Kalaihrasan, Prabakaran Aji Purwinarko, Aji Ian Yulianti, Ian Insan , Shiva Maulana Khoiru Jubadi, Warsuzarina Mat Lee, Hing Wah Nuni Widiarti Putra, Ngurah Made Darma Sapuan, Syarfa’ Zahirah Zainal, Nurfarina