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I B Ngurah Rai
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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PREVALENSI DAN RISIKO MEROKOK TERHADAP PENYAKIT PARU DI POLIKLINIK PARU RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR Sajinadiyasa, I G K; Bagiada, I M; Ngurah Rai, I B
journal of internal medicine Vol. 11, No. 2 Mei 2010
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

Cigarette smoking is the single largest preventable cause of premature death in the world today. Estimates of the numberof yearly deaths from smoking-related causes exceed 400,000 (about one-sixth of all deaths). About 23% of the U.S. populationin the year 2000 smoked, and another 22% used to smoke. United Kingdom reported 12.5 million of adult smokers in 2003 (about26% of UK population). Indonesia also reported very high prevalence of cigarette smoking (about 50 ! 70%). While in Tengananvillage, Bali, smoking prevalence reported about 26.3%. Smoking cessation is the key point in managing patients with tobaccorelated diseases, especially lung diseases.We conducted a cross sectional study to Þ nd out smoking prevalence and smoking contributions to lung diseases amongpatients in pulmonology outpatient clinic of Sanglah hospital, Bali. Among 108 patients, we found 77 patients (71.3%) exposedto cigarette smoking. Among these patients, we found 11 (10.2%) patients still smoking, 55 (50.9%) were ex-smokers, and 11(10.2%) were passive smoker. Among active smokers and ex-smokers, we found 34 patients (31.5%) were light smoker, 25(2.1%) were moderate smoker, and 7 (6.5%) were heavy smoker according to Brinkman index. The most frequent lung problemfound in this study was lung TB (42.6%), while smoking exposure happens in 76.1% patients. As the conclusion, smokingprevalence is high among patients come to pulmonology outpatient clinic of Sanglah hospital.
PREVALENSI ASMA EKSASERBASI PADA IBU HAMIL DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP JANIN DAN IBU DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR Ngurah Rai, I B
journal of internal medicine Vol. 10, No. 3 September 2009
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

The prevalence of asthma among pregnant females is increasing. Asthma is one of the most common chronic medicalconditions that cause complications in pregnancy. There is evidence that asthma can adversely impact on pregnancy outcomes,and conversely that pregnancy may result in a change in the clinical status of a female with asthma. The aim this study was toknow prevalence of asthma exacerbation in pregnancy and the effects to infant and maternal in Sanglah General Hospital. Thisstudy is retrospective study to medical record of pregnancy patients delivery at Sanglah General Hospital. In this study we found1959 pregnancy patients and prevalence of asthma exacerbation was 0.71% (14 asthmatic patients) Proportion of pathologicdelivery, pre-eclampsia and congenital malformations of the fetus was lower in asthmatic group than in group without asthmabut not signi! cant. The mean of birth weight was lower in asthma group than in group without asthma (3107.14 ± 521.78 grams: 3306.70 ± 366.21 grams) p = 0.05 95%CI (-399.14 ? 0.012). The conclusion this study is prevalence of asthma exacerbationson pregnant females in Sanglah General Hospital was 0.71%. Birth weight both in pregnant females with asthma and pregnantfemales without asthma was in normal limit but trend was lower in pregnant females with asthma than pregnant females withoutasthma.
PREVALENSI ASMA BRONKIAL ATOPI PADA PELAJAR DI DESA TENGANAN Sastrawan, I Gede Pande; Suryana, Ketut; Ngurah Rai, I B
journal of internal medicine Vol. 9, No. 1 Januari 2008
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

Asthma as one of the allergic diseases continuos to be a major public health problem in developed anddeveloping countries. We carried out a population-based survey to search the prevalence of atopic asthma inschool children of Tenganan, Manggis-Karangasem. Asthma was diagnose by quisioner and bronchodilator test.Atopic asthma define as asthma patients with total IgE > 100 IU/ml and or skin prick test 3 mm. Five hundredfourteen (91.5%) students out of of 562 students were were invited, participated the study. Thirty six (7%)students were diagnosed asthma based on peak expiratory flow variability after brochodilator test, stratified bysex there were 13 (36.1%) boys and 23 (63.9%) girls and 9 (25.0%) primary school children, 14 (38.9%) juniorhigh, 13 (36.1%) high school, respectively. Mean of age, serum IgE total and wheal diameter was 13.42 ± 3.26year, 1551.83 ± 2008.19 IU/ml, 22.9±3.4% and 3.58 ± 0.99 mm, respectively. Out of 36 asthma patients, 35(97.2%) diagnosed atopic asthma consist of 12 (34.3%) boys and 23 (65.7%) girls, and 1 (2.8%) diagnosednonatopic asthma.
EFUSI PLEURA MALIGNA: DIAGNOSIS DAN PENATALAKSANAAN TERKINI Ngurah Rai, I B
journal of internal medicine Vol. 10, No. 3 September 2009
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) are an important complication for patients with intra and extrathoracic malignancies.MPE are also a complication of far advanced malignancies or as the initial manifestations of an underlying malignancy, withmore than 150.000 cases/year in America. Median survival after diagnosis of an MPE is about 4 months. Although almost everytumor can cause it, more than 75% of MPE caused by malignancies at lung, breast, ovaries, mesotheliomas and lymphomas. Thestandard management approach begins with a diagnostic and or therapeutic thoracentesis. New imaging modalities help us todiagnose MPE, however positive cytologic conÞ rmation is necessary to establish a diagnosis. But, there are difÞ culties to Þ nd theetiology and deal with rapid recurrences of MPE. It is where several biomarkers took place in diagnosing MPE. Managementsof an MPE remain palliative. Several options include thoracenteses, pleurodesis, continuous outpatient drainage with indwellingcatheter, and pleuroperitoneal shunting. Recent studies focused on molecular marker and inß ammatory cytokine as a diagnostictool and target therapy for MPE. Many studies look for the role of EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), MCP-1 (monocytechemoattractant protein-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and TNF-  in diagnosing and possibly treat MPE.
Co-Authors I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa I Gede Pande Sastrawan I M Bagiada Ketut Suryana