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IB Ngurah Rai
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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PERBANDINGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIKA MONOTERAPI DENGAN DUALTERAPI TERHADAP OUTCOME PADA PASIEN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP) DI RUMAH SAKIT SANGLAH DENPASAR Sajinadiyasa, I GK; Ngurah Rai, IB; Sriyeni, LG
journal of internal medicine Vol. 12, No. 1 Januari 2011
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

Among CAP patient, there are still some controversies about eÞ cacy of various approach management for the patient.There are important issues about using the dual therapy improving the better outcome compared to monotherapy of CAP patient.A retrospective study was held on CAP patients, who were hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital in 2008-2009 to compare betweendual versus monotherapy antibiotic with the outcome.Seventy Þ ve subjects were included in this study. About 73.3% subjects received dual therapy (cefotaxim and azitromicyn)and 26.7% received monotherapy (levoß oxacin). There were no signiÞ cant correlation between dual vs monotherapy antibioticwith length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.075) or with mortality (p = 0.367). Also there were no correlation between PSI score and LOS(p = 0.303) and mortality (p = 1.000). In age group, there was signiÞ cant correlation between age and mortality (p = 0.025), butthere were no signiÞ cant correlation with LOS (p = 0.265). As our conclusions, we Þ nd there were no signiÞ cant correlationbetween dual vs monotherapy antibiotic with outcome patient CAP. But there was signiÞ cant correlation about patient in olderage had higher mortality compare with younger age.
TINGKAT KETERGANTUNGAN NIKOTIN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN PADA PEROKOK DI DESA PENGLIPURAN 2009 Bagus Artana, IGN; Ngurah Rai, IB
journal of internal medicine Vol. 11, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : journal of internal medicine

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Abstract

Smoking causes many harmful side effects to our health. Cardiac diseases, lung and respiratory problems, and almostevery malignancies had a very close relationship with cigarrete smoking. Smoking cessation is a di! cult thing to do. We haveto obtain data about nicotine dependence before starting a smoking cessation program for patients or in comunity. Nicotinedependence based on structural interview using The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionaire. We conducta population-based survey to ! nd out about nicotine dependence in a traditional balinese vilage, called Penglipuran. Penglipuranis one sample of traditional vilage in Bali with very tight traditional law. We found 72 smokers among 920 people in Penglipuran(7.78%) with mean age 40.67 ± 14.05 years old and almost 100% was male (only one female sample). They started to smokeat very young age (18.24 ± 3.07 years old) and take approximately 8.44 ± 6.76 cigarettes per day. We found the mean nicotinedependence level was 3.63 ± 1.41 (moderate dependence). As for factors related to nicotine dependence, we found that smokingonset, occupation, and length of smoking correlate with nicotine dependence signi! cantly (p < 0.05). While the other factors suchas age, sex, and educational level didn?t have any correlation with nicotine dependence. Our survey conclude that Penglipuransmokers had moderate nicotine dependence.
Co-Authors I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa IGN Bagus Artana LG Sriyeni