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Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 02 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The tuberculosis control efforts have been alarmed by trend of the widespread emergence of multidrugs resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To anticipate the _problem it is very important to provide clinicians with data on drugs susceptibility of M. tuberculosis periodically.Objectives: This study reviewed the pattern of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to various antituberculosis drugs, for monitoring of antituberculosis drugs resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, especially in Yogyakarta. Method: Eighty four isolates of M. tuberculosis - collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - were evaluated for their susceptibility to various drugs, both the first line drugs (INH, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol), and the second line drugs (kanamycin). Suspension of M. tuberculosis at density of approximately Mac Farland no. 1 standard (108cfu/m1) were cultured on drugs containing medium as well as control medium of Midlebrook 7H10 and incubated for 3 weeks. The number of colony on the drugs containing medium and control medium was reported.Result: The results showed that range of resistance of M. tuberculosis to the overall drugs were 16% to 62%. Resistance to INH .was the lowest (16.66%), whereas the resistant isolates to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin and kanamycin were 27.38%, 34.21 %, 62.50% and 45.78% respectively.Conclusion: 88.10% of isolates were resistant to one or more antituberculosis, 3.58% were resistant to all of the drugs, and only 11.90% of the isolates still sensitive to all of the drugs.Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - resistance - antituberculosis
The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 02 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline was evaluated. This study was based on the fact that most bacterial resistance to an antibiotics is under control of genes located on plasmids. Treatment with ciprofloxacin at subminimal inhibitory concentration possibly alter the supercoiled to the relaxed form, so that the plasmids could not be expressed, whereas at the same time the bacterial chromosome would not be affected by the treatment. The aim of this study was to search for possible increase of tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa, under the influence of ciprofloxacin. Thirty two isolates of P.aeruginosa were used In the experiment. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for an individual isolate was determined by a standard broth dilution method. Fresh cultures with the density of 106CFU/m1 were added Into a serial tubes containing various concentrations of tetracycline. Ciprofloxacin at sub MICs was then added into these cultures. The same cultures containing only tetracycline were used for controls. The results showed that the decrease of MIC of tetracycline was observed in 31 (96.87%) isolates of P.aeruginosa, and 34.37% changed their resistance stated. It was concluded that ciprofloxacin increased tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa.Key words : ciprofloxacin - plasmid - antibiotic susceptibility - P. aeruginosa-tetracycline
Potency of Anticandida extract combine by in vitro and in vivo Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Background: Antifungal agents are routinely used for the treatment of fungal infections. It is very likely however, that resistance of fungi to antifungal agents will emerge in the near future and the development new antifungal agent is very slow. To cope with the problem, it is important to search new antifungal agent from natural resources for yhe treatment of various diseases. It was also reported that bee honey has antibacterial property.Objective: To know the in vitro and in vivo effect of crude honey, aether-extracted honey and its residual part on Candida albicansMethods: Samples used in this experiment were crude honey, aether-extracted honey and residual part of extracted honey. Each sample was tested for its anticandidal activity with macrobroth dilution method using casein-yeast extract-glucose medium. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration were determined for each sample.Result: The result showed that extracted honey anticandidal effect in vitro at minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.3125% v/v and its residual was 25%, whereas crude honey has no inhibitory in vitro effect on Candida albicans. Minimal fungicidal concentration of extracted honey and its residual were 0.31255 and 50% v/v respectively. In vivo study showed that treatment group recovered faster than control group.Conclusion: Aether extracted honey and its residual have anticandidal activity in vitro. The extract have effect on recovery of candidal infected mice.Key words: Candida albicans - bee honey - antifungal-minimal inhibitory concentration - candidal infection recovery 
Resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap beberapa obat anti tuberculosis pilihan utama dan pilihan kedua di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FK UGM Tahun 2000 - 2004 Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 37, No 04 (2005)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Usaha penanggulangan tuberkulosis sering terhmbat oleh penyebaran strain Mycobacterium tuberculosa yang resisten multi obat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan penyampaian informasi mengenal data resistensi kuman secara berkala.Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pola resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosa terhadap beberapa obat antituberkulosis, dalam rangka pemantauan strain bakteri resisten obat, terutama di Yogyakarta.Bahan dan care: Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak Januari 2000 sampai Desember 2004 dengan menggunakan 99 isolat Mycobacterium tuberculosa di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran UGM. Resistensi isolat-isolat tersebut terhadap obat pilihan pertama dan pilihan kedua dievaluasi. Suspensi bakteri dengan kepadatan setara dengan standar Mac Farland 1 (108 cfu/ml) ditanam pada medium Lowenstein Jensen yang mengandung masing-masing obat antituberkulosis (OAT) pilihan pertama yaitu: lsoniazid/INH (1,Oug/ ml), Sreptomisin (2,Oug/mI), Rifampisin (1,Oug/m1), Ethambutol (2,Oug/m1), dan obat pilihan kedua, yaitu: Kanamisin (lug/mi), Siprofloksasin (1ug/m1), Ofloksasin (5ug/mI). Sebagai kontrol suspensi bakteri ditanam di medium yang sama tanpa obat.Hasil: Pengamatan terhadap resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosa menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah isolat telah resisten terhadap obat pilihan pertama yang diujikan, dengan kisaran 24,24% sampai 43,43%. Resistensi terendah adalah terhadap INH (24,24%) dan tertinggi Rifampisin (43,43%), sedangkan terhadap Streptomisin terdapat resistensi sebesar 33,33% dan terhadap Ethambutol 26,26%. Resistensi terhadap OAT pilihan kedua berkisar antara 14,29% sampai 49,50%. Resistensi tertinggi terhadap Kanamisin dan terendah terhadap Ofloksasin.Simpulan: Terhadap obat pilihan pertama, 74,75% dari isolat uji telah resisten terhadap satu OAT atau Iebih, 15,15% telah resisten terhadap semua OAT, dan hanya 25,25% isolat masih peka terhadap obat yang diujikan. Sementara itu 4.04% isolat merupakan strain resisten multi-obat (MDR-TB) karena resistan terhadap INH dan Rifampisin.
Serological examination using lipoarabinomannan antigen for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 03 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Tuberculosis is still an important public health problem, especially in the developing countries. Efforts have been made to overcome the problem. However, tuberculosis control program has not yet been satisfactory. This is due to various factors which might affect the development of the disease, including poverty, lack of understanding about the disease, relatively long period of time needed for treatment as well as increasing number of resistant strain against antimycobacterial drugs. One of the most important ways in controlling tuberculosis is case finding. An acurate and reliable diagnostic kit is also needed to establish the diagnosis. In this study we evaluated sensitivity and specificity of lipoarabinomannan as antigen for serological examination (Mycodot) in patients suspected of having tuberculosis. Using culture of sputum as gold standard, we observed that the sensitivity and specificity of Mycodot were 50% and 70.59%, respectively. This sensitivity was much lower than that of previous study. Interestingly, we found that 47,55% of suspected cases were negative for all three different examinations (acid fast, culture and Mycodot). With respect to this finding it is suggested that better and proper microbiological examination is required to diagnose patient with suspected tuberculosisKey words: Tuberculosis - Lipoarabinomannan - Mycodot - Acid fast - Mycobacterial Culture
Effect of autovaccine on bacterial infection in mice Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: In the present time therapy with antibiotics does not always solve the problem of infectious disease. Many factors influence infectious disease including immun mechanism, disease, resistant strain of microorganism, etc. Immunotherapy using autovaccine could be an alternative therapy, especially on chronic ulcer.Objective:The study observed the effect of autovaccine on ulcer of mice infected by various single bacteria and mix of bacteria.Methods :One hundred and eighty female mice were divided into 3 groups, group 1 was infected by Stapylococcus aureus, group 2 by E.coli, group 3 by mix bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Stapylococcus aureus, E. cob), and ten mice served as control. Half of each group of infected mice then was given autovaccine subcutaneously once a day for seven days. Development of skin lession was observed daily until recovery occured. Titer antibody against bacterial was evaluated using agglutination test.Results: Autovaccine group recovered faster than untreatment group. Number of death in infected group was higher than control group. Autovaccine increase antibody titer in mix bacterial infected group, and group infected by S.aureus, but had no effect on antibody production on group infected by E.coli. Conclusion: Autovaccine has no effect on recovery of skin lession of single infected mice, but effective to heal in mix infected mice.Key words: autovaccine - immunostimulator - bacterial infection - antibody - ulcer healing
Sensitivity rates of bacteria causing urinary tract infections to commonly used antibiotics Ning Rintiswati, Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: The choice of antibiotics in the treatment of infections, including urinary tract infection has been mainly based on previous clinical and empirical experiences. No antibiotic guideline is available for use in daily practice so that failure in the treatment of infections will inevitably happen. Since it is quite complicated work to prepare the guideline we start with a simple preliminary study on antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infections.Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the recent status of various antibiotics agent in relation to their efficacy in the treatment of urinary tractus infection, especially in Yogyakarta.Methods: Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test of bacteria from urine specimens were performed by available standard methods. Subject: Urine specimens sent to Microbiology Department for isolation, identification, and antibiotics susceptibility test.Results: The results showed that 184 isolates were obtained during the period of July 1997 to June 1998. Susceptibility rate of the isolates to ampicillin was very low, whereas the rates were much higher for ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin.Conclusions: It is concluded that ciprofloxacin could be the first choice and norfloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin serve as alternatives in the treatment of urinary tract infections.Key words: bacteria - urinary tract infection - antibiotics suceptibility - sensitivity rates
Resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap beberapa obat anti tuberculosis pilihan utama dan pilihan kedua di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FK UGM Tahun 2000 - 2004 Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 37, No 04 (2005)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (177.459 KB)

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Usaha penanggulangan tuberkulosis sering terhmbat oleh penyebaran strain Mycobacterium tuberculosa yang resisten multi obat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan penyampaian informasi mengenal data resistensi kuman secara berkala.Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pola resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosa terhadap beberapa obat antituberkulosis, dalam rangka pemantauan strain bakteri resisten obat, terutama di Yogyakarta.Bahan dan care: Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak Januari 2000 sampai Desember 2004 dengan menggunakan 99 isolat Mycobacterium tuberculosa di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran UGM. Resistensi isolat-isolat tersebut terhadap obat pilihan pertama dan pilihan kedua dievaluasi. Suspensi bakteri dengan kepadatan setara dengan standar Mac Farland 1 (108 cfu/ml) ditanam pada medium Lowenstein Jensen yang mengandung masing-masing obat antituberkulosis (OAT) pilihan pertama yaitu: lsoniazid/INH (1,Oug/ ml), Sreptomisin (2,Oug/mI), Rifampisin (1,Oug/m1), Ethambutol (2,Oug/m1), dan obat pilihan kedua, yaitu: Kanamisin (lug/mi), Siprofloksasin (1ug/m1), Ofloksasin (5ug/mI). Sebagai kontrol suspensi bakteri ditanam di medium yang sama tanpa obat.Hasil: Pengamatan terhadap resistensi Mycobacterium tuberculosa menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah isolat telah resisten terhadap obat pilihan pertama yang diujikan, dengan kisaran 24,24% sampai 43,43%. Resistensi terendah adalah terhadap INH (24,24%) dan tertinggi Rifampisin (43,43%), sedangkan terhadap Streptomisin terdapat resistensi sebesar 33,33% dan terhadap Ethambutol 26,26%. Resistensi terhadap OAT pilihan kedua berkisar antara 14,29% sampai 49,50%. Resistensi tertinggi terhadap Kanamisin dan terendah terhadap Ofloksasin.Simpulan: Terhadap obat pilihan pertama, 74,75% dari isolat uji telah resisten terhadap satu OAT atau Iebih, 15,15% telah resisten terhadap semua OAT, dan hanya 25,25% isolat masih peka terhadap obat yang diujikan. Sementara itu 4.04% isolat merupakan strain resisten multi-obat (MDR-TB) karena resistan terhadap INH dan Rifampisin.
Effect of autovaccine on bacterial infection in mice Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Background: In the present time therapy with antibiotics does not always solve the problem of infectious disease. Many factors influence infectious disease including immun mechanism, disease, resistant strain of microorganism, etc. Immunotherapy using autovaccine could be an alternative therapy, especially on chronic ulcer.Objective:The study observed the effect of autovaccine on ulcer of mice infected by various single bacteria and mix of bacteria.Methods :One hundred and eighty female mice were divided into 3 groups, group 1 was infected by Stapylococcus aureus, group 2 by E.coli, group 3 by mix bacteria (P. aeruginosa, Stapylococcus aureus, E. cob), and ten mice served as control. Half of each group of infected mice then was given autovaccine subcutaneously once a day for seven days. Development of skin lession was observed daily until recovery occured. Titer antibody against bacterial was evaluated using agglutination test.Results: Autovaccine group recovered faster than untreatment group. Number of death in infected group was higher than control group. Autovaccine increase antibody titer in mix bacterial infected group, and group infected by S.aureus, but had no effect on antibody production on group infected by E.coli. Conclusion: Autovaccine has no effect on recovery of skin lession of single infected mice, but effective to heal in mix infected mice.Key words: autovaccine - immunostimulator - bacterial infection - antibody - ulcer healing
Potency of Anticandida extract combine by in vitro and in vivo Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 36, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (148.199 KB)

Abstract

Background: Antifungal agents are routinely used for the treatment of fungal infections. It is very likely however, that resistance of fungi to antifungal agents will emerge in the near future and the development new antifungal agent is very slow. To cope with the problem, it is important to search new antifungal agent from natural resources for yhe treatment of various diseases. It was also reported that bee honey has antibacterial property.Objective: To know the in vitro and in vivo effect of crude honey, aether-extracted honey and its residual part on Candida albicansMethods: Samples used in this experiment were crude honey, aether-extracted honey and residual part of extracted honey. Each sample was tested for its anticandidal activity with macrobroth dilution method using casein-yeast extract-glucose medium. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration were determined for each sample.Result: The result showed that extracted honey anticandidal effect in vitro at minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.3125% v/v and its residual was 25%, whereas crude honey has no inhibitory in vitro effect on Candida albicans. Minimal fungicidal concentration of extracted honey and its residual were 0.31255 and 50% v/v respectively. In vivo study showed that treatment group recovered faster than control group.Conclusion: Aether extracted honey and its residual have anticandidal activity in vitro. The extract have effect on recovery of candidal infected mice.Key words: Candida albicans - bee honey - antifungal-minimal inhibitory concentration - candidal infection recovery 
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