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Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
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Sensitivity rates of bacteria causing urinary tract infections to commonly used antibiotics Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 03 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: The choice of antibiotics in the treatment of infections, including urinary tract infection has been mainly based on previous clinical and empirical experiences. No antibiotic guideline is available for use in daily practice so that failure in the treatment of infections will inevitably happen. Since it is quite complicated work to prepare the guideline we start with a simple preliminary study on antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infections.Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the recent status of various antibiotics agent in relation to their efficacy in the treatment of urinary tractus infection, especially in Yogyakarta.Methods: Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility test of bacteria from urine specimens were performed by available standard methods. Subject: Urine specimens sent to Microbiology Department for isolation, identification, and antibiotics susceptibility test.Results: The results showed that 184 isolates were obtained during the period of July 1997 to June 1998. Susceptibility rate of the isolates to ampicillin was very low, whereas the rates were much higher for ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin.Conclusions: It is concluded that ciprofloxacin could be the first choice and norfloxacin, gentamicin or amikacin serve as alternatives in the treatment of urinary tract infections.Key words: bacteria - urinary tract infection - antibiotics suceptibility - sensitivity rates
Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 02 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Background: The tuberculosis control efforts have been alarmed by trend of the widespread emergence of multidrugs resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To anticipate the _problem it is very important to provide clinicians with data on drugs susceptibility of M. tuberculosis periodically.Objectives: This study reviewed the pattern of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to various antituberculosis drugs, for monitoring of antituberculosis drugs resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, especially in Yogyakarta. Method: Eighty four isolates of M. tuberculosis - collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - were evaluated for their susceptibility to various drugs, both the first line drugs (INH, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol), and the second line drugs (kanamycin). Suspension of M. tuberculosis at density of approximately Mac Farland no. 1 standard (108cfu/m1) were cultured on drugs containing medium as well as control medium of Midlebrook 7H10 and incubated for 3 weeks. The number of colony on the drugs containing medium and control medium was reported.Result: The results showed that range of resistance of M. tuberculosis to the overall drugs were 16% to 62%. Resistance to INH .was the lowest (16.66%), whereas the resistant isolates to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin and kanamycin were 27.38%, 34.21 %, 62.50% and 45.78% respectively.Conclusion: 88.10% of isolates were resistant to one or more antituberculosis, 3.58% were resistant to all of the drugs, and only 11.90% of the isolates still sensitive to all of the drugs.Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - resistance - antituberculosis
The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 02 (1998)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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The effect of ciprofloxacin on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tetracycline was evaluated. This study was based on the fact that most bacterial resistance to an antibiotics is under control of genes located on plasmids. Treatment with ciprofloxacin at subminimal inhibitory concentration possibly alter the supercoiled to the relaxed form, so that the plasmids could not be expressed, whereas at the same time the bacterial chromosome would not be affected by the treatment. The aim of this study was to search for possible increase of tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa, under the influence of ciprofloxacin. Thirty two isolates of P.aeruginosa were used In the experiment. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin for an individual isolate was determined by a standard broth dilution method. Fresh cultures with the density of 106CFU/m1 were added Into a serial tubes containing various concentrations of tetracycline. Ciprofloxacin at sub MIC's was then added into these cultures. The same cultures containing only tetracycline were used for controls. The results showed that the decrease of MIC of tetracycline was observed in 31 (96.87%) isolates of P.aeruginosa, and 34.37% changed their resistance stated. It was concluded that ciprofloxacin increased tetracycline susceptibility of P.aeruginosa.Key words : ciprofloxacin - plasmid - antibiotic susceptibility - P. aeruginosa-tetracycline
Serological examination using lipoarabinomannan antigen for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis Ning Rintiswati Ning Rintiswati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 03 (1997)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Tuberculosis is still an important public health problem, especially in the developing countries. Efforts have been made to overcome the problem. However, tuberculosis control program has not yet been satisfactory. This is due to various factors which might affect the development of the disease, including poverty, lack of understanding about the disease, relatively long period of time needed for treatment as well as increasing number of resistant strain against antimycobacterial drugs. One of the most important ways in controlling tuberculosis is case finding. An acurate and reliable diagnostic kit is also needed to establish the diagnosis. In this study we evaluated sensitivity and specificity of lipoarabinomannan as antigen for serological examination (Mycodot) in patients suspected of having tuberculosis. Using culture of sputum as gold standard, we observed that the sensitivity and specificity of Mycodot were 50% and 70.59%, respectively. This sensitivity was much lower than that of previous study. Interestingly, we found that 47,55% of suspected cases were negative for all three different examinations (acid fast, culture and Mycodot). With respect to this finding it is suggested that better and proper microbiological examination is required to diagnose patient with suspected tuberculosisKey words: Tuberculosis - Lipoarabinomannan - Mycodot - Acid fast - Mycobacterial Culture
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