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Sophia Listriani
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Putroe Phang No. 1, Darussalam, Banda Aceh - 23111
Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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THE GRAVE VIOLATION AGAINST SYRIAN CHILDREN AS A VICTIM KILLING AND MAIMING IN ARMED CONFLICT Farah Elsa Nova; Sophia Listriani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan Vol 2, No 1: Februari 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala

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For six years, the conflict in Syria has since evolved into a larger and more complex war. The annual report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict show that children are one of the main victim of killing and maiming in Syria.Millions of children are killed by armed conflict and many of them caused by the use of indiscriminate attack, explosive weapon and chemical weapon that all which are prohibited under international humanitarian law as mentioned in common article 3 of Geneva Conventions which is universally applicable at all times both International Armed Conflict and Non International Armed Conflict. The focus of the research is to describe theprotection of children covered by International Humanitarian Law and to describethe measures of Syrian Government and United Nations to protect the children in armed conflict. This research is conducted under normative method. The data is accumulated predominantly on secondary data beside primary and tertiary data by library research through identifying and locating sources that provide actual information or opinion of legal experts. All parties to the armed conflict are bound by the relevant provisions of international humanitarian law. Those matters obligethe parties of the Conflict in Syria to give full protection to the children from the effects of armed conflict. Despite Syria has not signed the 1977 Additional Protocol II yet, Common article 3 of Geneva Convention and Additional Protocol II become applicable automatically when the requirements for an armed conflict are reached. The Protection Children in armed conflict under international humanitarian law is granted as civilians or combatants.The protection of children as civilian and combatans  are enacted in Common Article 3 of Geneva Convention 1949, Additional protocol I and Additional protocolII 1997 to the Geneva Conventions. Syrian Government provides the preventive measures in the Law No. 11 of 2013 about the prohibition of recruitment and use of the children under the age of 18 by armed forces and armed groups. The thesis found that one of the biggest problems is the ICC can not apply its jurisdictionbecauseSyria has not ratified the Rome Statute yet. Furthermore, United Nations established The Resposibility to Protect (R2P) norm as a part of use of force or humanitarian intervention mechanism to achieve a peaceful resolution to the conflict in Syria. The Government efforts are the key solution on the enforcement issue and United Nations shall review the usefulness of the veto to end the violence so that the situation in Syria can be tried either by national courts or ICC where the allegation can be prosecuted.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PESERTA TEMPUR DALAM MELINDUNGI BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA DALAM SUATU KONFLIK BERSENJATA Jufrian Murzal; Sophia Listriani
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan Vol 1, No 2: November 2017
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan penggunaan The Blue Shield Emblem yang di atur di dalam The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Two (1954 and 1999) Protocols, terhadap benda cagar budaya untuk memberikan perlindungan benda cagar budaya pada saat konflik bersenjata. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penulisan artikel ini dilakukan penelitian kepustakaan yaitu dengan mempelajari serta menganalisa konvensi, peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, surat kabar, tulisan ilmiah, dan literatur-literatur yang relevan dengan artikel ini. Hasil penelitian dari penulisan artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun Indonesia sudah memiliki Hukum Nasional tentang Benda Budaya, akan tetapi Indonesia belum bisa melaksanakan kewajiban untuk melindungi benda cagar budaya yang ada di Indonesia pada saat konflik bersenjata karena tidak adanya peraturan penggunaan lambang perisai biru. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut langkah-langkah yang seharusnya Pemerintah Indonesia tempuh adalah mencantumkan perlindungan benda cagar budaya pada saat konflik bersenjata yang sesuai dengan The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Two (1954 and 1999) Protocols pada Regulasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Republik Indonesia. Disarankan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia untuk memasukkan pedoman penggunaan The Blue Shield Emblem kedalam suatu regulasi hukum yang ada di Indonesia. Perlunya implementasi penggunaan lambang perisai biru (The Blue Shield Emblem) untuk melakukan perlindungan dan penghormatan kepada benda cagar budaya. Kemudian Pemerintah Indonesia harus memberikan edukasi terhadap masyarakat Indonesia mengenai penggunaan lambang perisai biru, kewajiban dan hak yang akan melekat terhadap benda budaya yang menggunakan lambang perisai biru tersebut.
Co-Authors Farah Elsa Nova Jufrian Murzal