Wardah Wardah
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Putroe Phang No. 1, Darussalam, Banda Aceh - 23111

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WANPRESTASI DALAM PELAKSANAAN PERJANJIAN WARALABA PASSION OF CHOCOLATE (PASCO) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH Dea Oka Varahna; Wardah Wardah
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan Vol 1, No 2: November 2017
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstract

Berdasarkan Pasal 1338 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata “semua perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya”. Ketentuan buku ketiga Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata hanyalah sifat mengatur, artinya para pihak bebas menentukan perjanjiannya. Hal ini juga berlaku pada perjanjian waralaba Passion Of Chocolate (PASCO). Walaupun perjanjian waralaba ini telah disepakati antara para pihak, namun tetap terjadi pelanggaran atau wanprestasi dalam pelaksanaannya. Para dalam perjanjian waralaba telah melakukan wanprestasi dengan melanggar kewajiban yang telah disepakati antara kedua belah pihak. Berdasarkan penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh para pihak dalam perjanjian waralaba Passion Of Chocolate (PASCO), dan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum yang timbul karena wanprestasi. Disarankan kepada kedua belah pihak untuk saling melaksanakan kewajiban sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati sehingga tidak menimbulkan pertentangan kepentingan bagi masing-masing pihak. Karena pengembangan gerai usaha waralaba ini perlu dilakukan oleh kedua belah pihak, namun dengan tetap memperhatikan asas keseimbangan dan itikad baik dalam perjanjian tersebut.
THE ROLE OF ARTICLE XX OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) 1994 IN COMBATING ILLEGAL FISHING ACTIVITY : A CASE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Intan Purnama; Wardah Wardah
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan Vol 2, No 1: Februari 2018
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstract

Article XX (b) and (g) of the GATT 1994 regulates about general exceptions measures, that allow the WTO members to take legal action in rejecting the products from certain states. The rejection could be applied by using some categories, particularly to protect human, animal and plant life or health, and also relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. The United States of America (USA) has implemented the article, to protect its domestic market from illegal fishing imported products.This research aims to describe the arrangement of Article XX of the GATT 1994 in combating the illegal fishing activity and to identify how the implementation of Article XX regulates illegal fishing activity in the USA. This research used normative legal research. Data was obtained from library research would be processed systematically to attain appropriate depiction with the research problems. The data subsequently would be analyzed by using qualitative method that means using secondary data that consist of primary legal material, secondary legal material and tertiary legal material, so it can be acquired objective analysis to answer problems raised. The result of this researchindicates that the arrangement of the Article XX (b) and (g) of GATT 1994 can be used to combat illegal fishing activity. The article also related to national regulations. As long as related with the article, the national rules still could be implemented. Therefore, the USAcan use the article to reject of imported products whichcome from illegal fishing. Presently, the effort that has been made by international government and local government of the USA is insufficient to protect the living creatures in the sea. In addition, the WTO should do the amendment in the Article XX of the GATT 1994 about spesific explanation rare spesies animals or plants which states has protect it. Then, the USA should has a national rules which related to prevent illegal fishing trading to support the article that is implemented. By applying this article, the USA could prevent their market from illegal fishing imported products.