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PEMULIAAN KACANG TANAH UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP LAYU BAKTERI Ralstonia DI INDONESIA Nugrahaeni, Novita
Buletin Palawija No 21 (2011)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Penyakit layu bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith adalah kendala biotik penting dalam budidaya kacang tanah di Indonesia. Penyakit tersebut sukar dikendalikan dengan hanya satu cara, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian secara terpadu. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan komponen penting dalam pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri pada kacang tanah dan salah satu faktor yang dapat menunjang stabilitas hasil. Arti penting ketahanan terhadap penyakit bakteri telah disadari oleh pemulia kacang tanah di Indonesia, sehingga genotipe tahan layu selalu digunakan sebagai salah satu tetua dalam persilangan buatan. Namun, pada kenyataannya ketahanan pada varietas yang didapatkan belum ada yang melebihi atau menyamai ketahanan tetuanya sehingga area penyebaran varietas unggul yang dihasilkan menjadi terbatas. Untuk memperbaiki tingkat dan stabilitas ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri pada varietas unggul kacang tanah diperlukan beberapa informasi, diantaranya informasi terinci tentang status distribusi penyakit layu terkini, keragaman strain R. solanacearum di lintas sentra produksi, skrining ekstensif plasma nutfah kacang tanah untuk mendapatkan sumber ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dengan karakteristik agronomi yang lebih baik, studi sistematis genetika pewarisan gen pengendali karakter ketahanan untuk memperluas latar belakang genetik ketahanan dan mengetahui hubungan genetik antara ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dan penyakit lain, ketahanan terhadap kekeringan, dan penyakit lainnya. Selain itu diperlukan kajian mekanisme dan komponen ketahanan kacang tanah terhadap layu bakteri R. solanacearum untuk memperbaiki teknik penilaian ketahanan dan identifikasi genotipe tahan. Studi yang menyeluruh dan sistematis tentang aspek-aspek penyakit layu bakteri tersebut akan meningkatkan efektivitas strategi pengendalian dan pengembangan varietas unggul kacang tanah dengan ketahanan yang lebih tinggi.

Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Karakter Agronomi Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Sundari, Titik; Nugrahaeni, Novita
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i2.2889

ABSTRACTResearch aimed to determine effect of genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on agronomic characters and yield stability of soybean genotypes were conducted at eight locations, namely Ngawi, Probolinggo, Banyuwangi, Jember, Malang, Sleman-Yogyakarta, Rembiga and Sesela-West Lombok. Materials used in the study were nine soybean genotypes consisting of six promising lines and three improved cultivars (Malabar, Wilis, and Ringgit). A randomized complete block design was used in each location, repeated four times. Observations were made on flowering days, maturity days, plant height, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Results showed that the effect of GEI was significant on all of the observed agronomic characters. Maturity days, filled pods number, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were predominantly influenced by environmental factors, plant height and 100 seed weight were predominantly influenced by genetic factors, whereas flowering days was influenced by GEI. Genotype I/M-824-19 was stable with yield average lower compared to that of all genotypes and Agl/I-1114-8 was stable with yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes. Wilis and M/IB-895-2 were classified as unstable, but gave yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes.Keywords: adaptation, promising lines, soybean, stable

Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops Yusnawan, Eriyanto; Nugrahaeni, Novita; Utomo, Joko Susilo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14481

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most destructive foliar diseases on soybean. Severe infection of this disease causes early defoliation and reduces the yield. To determine the response of soybean genotypes to this disease and the changes of metabolites in seeds, a greenhouse study was conducted using eight Indonesian soybean cultivars, i.e. Malabar, Wilis, Ringgit, Pangrango, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Dena 1, and Dena 2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design and repeated three times. The soybean crops were inoculated with the pathogen and another set was not inoculated. Infection of P. pachyrhizi reduced fresh biomass, seed weight per plant, and weight of 100 seeds. However, total flavonoid contents in seeds increased from 12 to 50% in all infected genotypes. The increase of daidzein from 27 to 67% in seeds was observed, except for Malabar and Argomulyo . The increase of genistein was genotypic dependence. The increase of total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity was also depending on the genotypes. P. pachyrhizi could be one of the biotic elicitors to increase total flavonoid contents in soybean seeds. Dena 1 less suffered from the rust infection as represented by the least pustule number, less reduction in seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. Secondary metabolites particularly phenolics and isoflavones in seeds of this cultivar increased significantly after the rust infection. This cultivar could be considered as an alternative tolerant genotype where cultivated area is favorable for soybean rust infection.

INTERAKSI GENOTIPE X LINGKUNGAN DAN STABILITAS KARAKTER AGRONOMI KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL) Sundari, Titik; Nugrahaeni, Novita
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i2.2889

ABSTRACTResearch aimed to determine effect of genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on agronomic characters and yield stability of soybean genotypes were conducted at eight locations, namely Ngawi, Probolinggo, Banyuwangi, Jember, Malang, Sleman-Yogyakarta, Rembiga and Sesela-West Lombok. Materials used in the study were nine soybean genotypes consisting of six promising lines and three improved cultivars (Malabar, Wilis, and Ringgit). A randomized complete block design was used in each location, repeated four times. Observations were made on flowering days, maturity days, plant height, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Results showed that the effect of GEI was significant on all of the observed agronomic characters. Maturity days, filled pods number, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were predominantly influenced by environmental factors, plant height and 100 seed weight were predominantly influenced by genetic factors, whereas flowering days was influenced by GEI. Genotype I/M-824-19 was stable with yield average lower compared to that of all genotypes and Agl/I-1114-8 was stable with yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes. Wilis and M/IB-895-2 were classified as unstable, but gave yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes.Keywords: adaptation, promising lines, soybean, stable

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