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PEMULIAAN KACANG TANAH UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP LAYU BAKTERI Ralstonia DI INDONESIA Nugrahaeni, Novita
Buletin Palawija No 21 (2011)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Penyakit layu bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith adalah kendala biotik penting dalam budidaya kacang tanah di Indonesia. Penyakit tersebut sukar dikendalikan dengan hanya satu cara, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian secara terpadu. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan komponen penting dalam pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri pada kacang tanah dan salah satu faktor yang dapat menunjang stabilitas hasil. Arti penting ketahanan terhadap penyakit bakteri telah disadari oleh pemulia kacang tanah di Indonesia, sehingga genotipe tahan layu selalu digunakan sebagai salah satu tetua dalam persilangan buatan. Namun, pada kenyataannya ketahanan pada varietas yang didapatkan belum ada yang melebihi atau menyamai ketahanan tetuanya sehingga area penyebaran varietas unggul yang dihasilkan menjadi terbatas. Untuk memperbaiki tingkat dan stabilitas ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri pada varietas unggul kacang tanah diperlukan beberapa informasi, diantaranya informasi terinci tentang status distribusi penyakit layu terkini, keragaman strain R. solanacearum di lintas sentra produksi, skrining ekstensif plasma nutfah kacang tanah untuk mendapatkan sumber ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dengan karakteristik agronomi yang lebih baik, studi sistematis genetika pewarisan gen pengendali karakter ketahanan untuk memperluas latar belakang genetik ketahanan dan mengetahui hubungan genetik antara ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dan penyakit lain, ketahanan terhadap kekeringan, dan penyakit lainnya. Selain itu diperlukan kajian mekanisme dan komponen ketahanan kacang tanah terhadap layu bakteri R. solanacearum untuk memperbaiki teknik penilaian ketahanan dan identifikasi genotipe tahan. Studi yang menyeluruh dan sistematis tentang aspek-aspek penyakit layu bakteri tersebut akan meningkatkan efektivitas strategi pengendalian dan pengembangan varietas unggul kacang tanah dengan ketahanan yang lebih tinggi.

Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Karakter Agronomi Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Sundari, Titik; Nugrahaeni, Novita
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i2.2889

ABSTRACTResearch aimed to determine effect of genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on agronomic characters and yield stability of soybean genotypes were conducted at eight locations, namely Ngawi, Probolinggo, Banyuwangi, Jember, Malang, Sleman-Yogyakarta, Rembiga and Sesela-West Lombok. Materials used in the study were nine soybean genotypes consisting of six promising lines and three improved cultivars (Malabar, Wilis, and Ringgit). A randomized complete block design was used in each location, repeated four times. Observations were made on flowering days, maturity days, plant height, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Results showed that the effect of GEI was significant on all of the observed agronomic characters. Maturity days, filled pods number, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were predominantly influenced by environmental factors, plant height and 100 seed weight were predominantly influenced by genetic factors, whereas flowering days was influenced by GEI. Genotype I/M-824-19 was stable with yield average lower compared to that of all genotypes and Agl/I-1114-8 was stable with yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes. Wilis and M/IB-895-2 were classified as unstable, but gave yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes.Keywords: adaptation, promising lines, soybean, stable

Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops Yusnawan, Eriyanto; Nugrahaeni, Novita; Utomo, Joko Susilo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14481

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most destructive foliar diseases on soybean. Severe infection of this disease causes early defoliation and reduces the yield. To determine the response of soybean genotypes to this disease and the changes of metabolites in seeds, a greenhouse study was conducted using eight Indonesian soybean cultivars, i.e. Malabar, Wilis, Ringgit, Pangrango, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Dena 1, and Dena 2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design and repeated three times. The soybean crops were inoculated with the pathogen and another set was not inoculated. Infection of P. pachyrhizi reduced fresh biomass, seed weight per plant, and weight of 100 seeds. However, total flavonoid contents in seeds increased from 12 to 50% in all infected genotypes. The increase of daidzein from 27 to 67% in seeds was observed, except for Malabar and Argomulyo . The increase of genistein was genotypic dependence. The increase of total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity was also depending on the genotypes. P. pachyrhizi could be one of the biotic elicitors to increase total flavonoid contents in soybean seeds. Dena 1 less suffered from the rust infection as represented by the least pustule number, less reduction in seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. Secondary metabolites particularly phenolics and isoflavones in seeds of this cultivar increased significantly after the rust infection. This cultivar could be considered as an alternative tolerant genotype where cultivated area is favorable for soybean rust infection.

INTERAKSI GENOTIPE X LINGKUNGAN DAN STABILITAS KARAKTER AGRONOMI KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL) Sundari, Titik; Nugrahaeni, Novita
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 2 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i2.2889

ABSTRACTResearch aimed to determine effect of genotype x environment interactions (GEI) on agronomic characters and yield stability of soybean genotypes were conducted at eight locations, namely Ngawi, Probolinggo, Banyuwangi, Jember, Malang, Sleman-Yogyakarta, Rembiga and Sesela-West Lombok. Materials used in the study were nine soybean genotypes consisting of six promising lines and three improved cultivars (Malabar, Wilis, and Ringgit). A randomized complete block design was used in each location, repeated four times. Observations were made on flowering days, maturity days, plant height, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Results showed that the effect of GEI was significant on all of the observed agronomic characters. Maturity days, filled pods number, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were predominantly influenced by environmental factors, plant height and 100 seed weight were predominantly influenced by genetic factors, whereas flowering days was influenced by GEI. Genotype I/M-824-19 was stable with yield average lower compared to that of all genotypes and Agl/I-1114-8 was stable with yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes. Wilis and M/IB-895-2 were classified as unstable, but gave yield average higher than the yield average of all genotypes.Keywords: adaptation, promising lines, soybean, stable

INTERAKSI GENOTIPE X LINGKUNGAN GALUR-GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L)) Sari, Litfia Winda; Nugrahaeni, Novita; Kuswanto, Kuswanto; Basuki, Nur
Produksi Tanaman Vol. 1 No. 5 (2013)
Publisher : Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

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Daya hasil suatu genotip dipengaruhi oleh lokasi tumbuhnya. Informasi mengenai interaksi genotipe x lingkungan diperlukan dalam pemilihan genotip unggul. Sebanyak 15 genotip kedelai (12 galur harapan dan 3 varietas pembanding yakni varietas Anjasmoro, Grobogan dan Kaba) diuji di dua lokasi, yaitu di Pasuruan dan Malang pada bulan Juni hingga Oktober 2012. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui interaksi genotipe x lokasi serta mendapatkan galur harapan kedelai yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat ulangan di masing-masing lokasi pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Interaksi genotip x lokasi terjadi pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, buku subur, polong isi, bobot 100 biji, umur masak, dan daya hasil. Galur Balitkabi 6 dan UB 2 unggul di Pasuruan, sedangkan genotip Balitkabi 2, Balitkabi 3, Balitkabi 4 dan UB 5 unggul di Malang. Keunggulan galur tersebut dibandingkan varietas Kaba terdapat pada karakter bobot 100 biji, umur berbunga dan umur masak, sedangkan pada karakter hasil biji galur-galur tersebut lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan varietas Grobogan dan Anjasmoro, sehingga galur-galur tersebut prospektif untuk pengujian selanjutnya. Kata kunci : kedelai, genotip, interaksi genotip x lokasi, daya hasil

Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Hasil Biji Kedelai Toleran Naungan Sundari, Titik; Nugrahaeni, Novita; Susanto, dan Gatut Wahyu Anggoro
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 44 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTTwelve soybean shade tolerant promising lines and two check varieties, Pangrango and Argomulyo, were evaluated in eight locations covered varying degree of shades. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of genotype x environment interaction on seed yield and yield components, as well as on adaptation and yield stability of the lines under those environments. The trial, in each location, was arranged in randomized block design repeated four times. The traits evaluated were days of flowering, maturity days, plant height, pod number, 100 seed weight, and seed yield. Light intensity was measured during generative phase, started at plants’ 30 days old, two week interval. The results showed that genotype x environment interaction significantly affected those evaluated traits. Stability analysis revealed that four lines, i.e., IBK5-173-5-372, IBM22-861-2-22, IBM22-862-4-1, and IBM22-867-4-7 poorly adapted to the environments as indicated by coefficient regressions approximating 1.0 and low yield average. Eight lines, i.e., IBK5-143-3-7, IBK5-147-2-11, IBK5-172-4-36, IBK5-173-5-371, IIj9-299-1-4, IBM22-873-1-13, IBIj11-431-2-20, and AI26-1114-8-28, and the two check varieties, Pangrango and Argomulyo, were unstable. Of the 13 unstable genotypes, two lines, AI26-1114-8-28 and IBM22-873-1-13, gave higher average yield under shade condition (35%-70% shading level), 1.68 t/ha and 1.36 ton ha-1, respectively, than the two check varieties.Keywords: adaptation, Glycine max

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