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All Journal Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Mohamad Sadikin
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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The increased of carbonic anhydrase in liver tissue of rat induced by chronic systemic hypoxia Rahmawati Ridwan; Febriana Catur Iswanti; Mohamad Sadikin
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v1i1.1

Abstract

Background: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration reaction of CO2, in order to maintain the cell homeostasis. These enzymes are found in various tissues and involve in a number of different physiological processes, including ion transport, acid-base balance, bone formation, and gluconeogenesis. Objective: To examine the specific activity of CA and to observe the liver tissue respond to oxidative stress by measured the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, in rat liver tissue induced by chronic systemic hypoxia for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days of hypoxia. Results: The study showed that the activity of CA induced by chronic systemic hypoxia significantly increasing at early exposure to the hypoxic condition, at day 1 and days 3 of hypoxia (0.281 and 0.262 nmol/mg protein/minute compared to control 0.155 nmol/mg protein/minute) (p<0.05). No statistical difference at treatments of hypoxia 5, 7, and 14 days. The concentration of MDA also increased significantly on day 3 of liver tissue hypoxia (0.013 nmol/mg compared to control 0.009 nmol/mg liver tissue) (p<0.05), and no statistical differences at day 1, 5, 7, and 14 days of hypoxia. Conclusion: There was damage of membrane cells affected by oxidative stress in the liver tissue of rats induced by chronic systemic hypoxia.
Carbon tetrachloride administration induces the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in rat liver Lindi G Haritsyah; Mohamad Sadikin; Sri Widia Jusman
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v1i1.3

Abstract

Background: There is now increasing evidence that HIF-1 is also responsive to a variety of non-hypoxic stimuli. However, the mechanisms by which these non-hypoxic stimuli induce HIF-1α are not completely known, yet, although some evidence points to a role of ROS as messengers regulating HIF activity. Objective: To determine the expression of HIF-1α in liver rat tissue induced by carbon tetrachloride under normoxic conditions, with or without N-acetylcysteine protection. Methods: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control rats, normal rats orally administered with coconut oil (1 mL/200 g body weight) for 1 day, rats orally administered with CCl4 (0.55 mg/g body weight) for 1 day, rats injected i.v. with NAC (0.15 mg/g body weight) for 8 days and then orally administered with CCl4 (0.55 mg/g body weight) for 1 day, rats orally administered with CCl4 (0.55 mg/g body weight) for 1 day and then injected i.v. with NAC (0.15 mg/g body weight) for 2 days. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR using the Livak method. The expression of HIF-1α protein was measured by ELISA assay. Results: The highest HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression found in the group treated by CCl4 and then was gradually lowered in the pre-NAC group, post-NAC group, control group, and last, in the oil group. Conclusion: Our study shows the effect of CCl4-treated rats under normoxic conditions increased the mRNA and protein HIF-1α. NAC post-treatment provide a better protective effect compared with NAC pre-treatment
Palladium (II) chloride (PdCl2) spectrophotometry to determine lipoic acid concentration in plasma and leukocytes Novian Agni Yudhaswara; Ani Retno Prijanti; Mohamad Sadikin
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.v3i1.29

Abstract

Background: Lipoic acid is a substance contained in intra and extracellular that act as a coenzyme of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, also as an antidote, chelating agent and antioxidant. Measurement of lipoic acid is needed to determine the amount of lipoic acid that performs its functions either as a coenzyme or an antioxidant. Besides, this measurement requires a special tool such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and a process that is available in rural or simple laboratories. Objective: A common and easy tool such as a spectrophotometer was conducted and could expected to be a tool of lipoic acid determination in body fluid such as plasma. Methods: Measurement of lipoic acid using spectrophotometry with UV methanol and visible PdCl2 has been tested and compared to HPLC measurement that was valid and reliable in drug measurement or pharmaceutical preparations. Results: Determination of lipoic acid in plasma and leukocytes using PdCl2 produced replicable, reliability and valid result, with high accuracy, precision and was not different from lipoic acid measurement using HPLC, p=0.99. While UV methanol was different compare to HPLC p =0.0001 or was not valid. Conclusion: The measurement of lipoic acid using PdCl2 visible method can be applied to determine the levels of lipoic acid (LA) and DHLA in plasma and equal to HPLC result.
Acetazolamide-mediated carbonic anhydrase inhibition suppresses human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation via G1/S cell cycle arrest Syazili Mustofa; Mohamad Sadikin; Sarmoko
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.145

Abstract

Background: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) regulates intracellular CO₂/HCO₃⁻ homeostasis and supplies carboxyl donors for the sixth step of de novo purine biosynthesis. Disruption of this step is predicted to impair nucleotide pool accumulation and arrest cell cycle progression. Objective: This study investigated whether CA inhibition by acetazolamide suppresses T lymphocyte proliferation. Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 1% v/v) or interleukin-2 (IL-2, 10 ng/mL). Acetazolamide was applied at 6.25–50 μM. Cell viability, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle distribution were assessed using WST-1 assay, BrdU incorporation, and propidium iodide flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Acetazolamide reduced PBMC viability and DNA synthesis dose-dependently in both PHA- and IL-2-stimulated cultures (p < 0.05). IL-2-stimulated cells showed greater sensitivity, with significant inhibition at 12.5 μM versus 25 μM for PHA-stimulated cells. Flow cytometry revealed G1/S arrest in all treated groups: S phase decreased from 8.52% to 3.82% (PHA) and from 1.27% to 0% (IL-2) at 50 μM, with G2/M uniformly suppressed to ≤0.57%. Conclusion: Acetazolamide suppresses PBMC proliferation through G1/S arrest, consistent with CA inhibition depleting CO₂/HCO₃⁻-dependent carboxyl donors required for de novo purine synthesis.
Purification of total IgG from sars-cov-2 convalescent serum Arfat Lusinanto; Ria Syafitri Evi Gantini; Dwirini Retno Gunarti; Mohamad Sadikin
Acta Biochimica Indonesiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Acta Biochimica Indonesiana
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32889/actabioina.203

Abstract

Background: Although convalescent plasma contains neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, co-existing inflammatory mediators pose safety risks in critically ill recipients. Purified IgG preparations offer a safer alternative by concentrating therapeutic antibodies while eliminating these harmful components. Objective: To establish a systematic protocol for purifying total IgG from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent serum using sequential chromatographic techniques. Methods: Serum from 90 RT-PCR-confirmed recovered donors was pooled into three independent samples. Purification employed four sequential steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation (50% saturation), Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and Protein A affinity chromatography. Purity and identity of IgG fractions were assessed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion. Results: Starting from serum containing 19.68 ± 7.27 mg/mL IgG and 110.47 ± 11.99 mg/mL total protein, the four-step purification yielded a final IgG concentration of 1.14 ± 0.70 mg/mL with total protein of 1.19 ± 0.16 mg/mL, representing 6.3-fold purification with a final IgG-to-total protein purity ratio of 1.01 ± 0.38 and an overall recovery of 5.8%. Native PAGE confirmed high purity with a single dominant IgG band. Conclusion: Sequential chromatography yielded near-homogeneous IgG from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent serum, offering a laboratory-scale approach for preparing safer immunoglobulin therapeutics.
Co-Authors Ani Retno Prijanti Arfat Lusinanto Dwirini Retno Gunarti Febriana Catur Iswanti Lindi G Haritsyah Rahmawati Ridwan Ria Syafitri Evi Gantini Sarmoko Sri Widia Jusman Syazili Mustofa