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Synthesis of Polystyrene Sulfonate and Its Characterization as a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Emil Salim; Afrizal Afrizal; Zilfadli Zilfadli
Akta Kimia Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25493736.v6i2.10916

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) from polystyrene (PS) isolated from waste styrofoam. Sulfonation reaction of polystyrene was conducted using acetyl sulfonate as sulfonating agents with variation times and temperatures. The sulfonated products were characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer, degree of sulfonation, cation exchange capacity, water uptake and thermal stability. The FTIR spectrums show vibration of O-H streching at wave number 3300-3400 cm-1, S=O streching at the wave number 1050-1200 cm-1 which indicates the presence of sulfonate groups. Sulfonation reaction at 40oC for 2 hours (SPS-40-2) gives the highest degree of sulfonation, cation exchange capacity, water uptake with values 1,960%, 0.1880 meq/gr, 9.04% respectively. Thermal gravimetry analysis shows that polystyrene sulfonate has better thermal stability than polystyrene.
Komunikasi Antarpribadi pada Pembebasan Lahan Proyek Padang Bypass Rama Andria; Afrizal Afrizal; Azwar Azwar
Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) Vol 14, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Civil Engineering Departement, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (153.851 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jrs.14.2.95-106.2018

Abstract

Proyek Peningkatan Kapasitas Jalan Padang Bypass yang dimulai tahun 2014 mendapat resistensi dari warga yang menguasai area yang akan dijadikan objek pelebaran jalan. Dalam upaya menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, Pemerintah Kota Padang membentuk Tim Penyelesaian Masalah Lahan Pembangunan Jalur II Jalan Padang ByPass. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis komunikasi yang digunakan oleh Tim serta tingkat keberhasilannya. Dari hasil wawancara mendalam kepada informan pengamat dan informan pelaku diketahui bahwa Tim melakukan pendekatan tidak hanya secara formal melalui sosialisasi dan musyawarah, namun juga secara informal melalui pendekatan komunikasi antarpribadi berupa kunjungan ke rumah warga dan pendekatan penyelesaian kasus per kasus. Meskipun proses komunikasi tersebut diganggu oleh persepsi-persepsi negatif berupa kebohongan, kecurigaan, kesimpangsiuran informasi, ketidakpatuhan terhadap konsensus, serta adanya pengaruh dari kelompok kecil dan pemaksaan kehendak, namun secara umum komunikasi antarpribadi yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Kota Padang dapat mencapai hasil yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari percepatan menurunnya jumlah lahan yang bermasalah setelah terbentuknya Tim. Namun demikian disadari bahwa penerapan teori-teori komunikasi antarpribadi seperti teori akomodasi komunikasi dan teori pertukaran sosial juga dapat memperlambat proses negosiasi jika tidak dapat dijalankan secara efektif.
Kelapa Sawit dan Bencana Alam: Makna Sosiologis Diskursus Dampak Ekologis Ekspansi Sawit Siska Adhariani; Afrizal Afrizal
Society Vol 9 No 1 (2021): Society
Publisher : Laboratorium Rekayasa Sosial, Jurusan Sosiologi, FISIP Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/society.v9i1.286

Abstract

Since its inception and until now, oil palm plantations have been controversial in Indonesia. Although there is ample evidence presented by proponents proving that oil palm expansion has made an important contribution to the Indonesian economy, from an ecological point of view, it is claimed by critics to have negative impacts on the environment, one of which is the cause of natural disasters. The link between oil palm expansion and natural disasters is debated between critics and supporters of oil palm expansion. This study examines the theme of criticism of oil palm expansion as a cause of natural disasters and counter-discourse of supporting oil palm expansion. By using literature study methods and an environmental, sociological perspective, it is found that the discourse on the impact of oil palm plantation expansion shows a contradiction between the views of the New Ecological Paradigm (Paradigma Ekologi Baru or PEB) and the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm (Paradigma Keterpisahan Manusia or HEP). The Indonesian government is building a counter-discourse of ecological modernization to maintain and develop oil palm plantations expansion.