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All Journal Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Universa Medicina GIZI INDONESIA
Julianty Pradono
Badan Litbang Kesehatan
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Pengaruh Faktor Komposisional dan Faktor Kontekstual Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi di Jawa dan Bali Pradono, Julianty; Junaidi, Purnawan
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 25, No 2 Jun (2015)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (403.943 KB)

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, karena prevalensi yang tinggi dan merupakansalah satu faktor utama penyebab kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung dan pembuluhdarah. Banyak studi yang membuktikan bahwa hipertensi berkaitan dengan pola hidup, yang seharusnyadapat dicegah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan dari faktor komposisional (tingkatindividu) serta determinan lingkungan (tingkat rumah tangga dan tingkat kabupaten/kota) terhadapkejadian hipertensi di Jawa dan Bali. Analisis lanjut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007, Susenas 2007,dan data Potensi desa 2008 dengan pendekatan analisis multilevel dilakukan untuk mengestimasi efekkontekstual, sehingga dapat menentukan skala prioritas implikasi program intervensi terhadap kejadianhipertensi. Dikarenakan adanya keterbatasan data analisis ini hanya meliputi 200.603 penduduk dengankelompok umur 15-60 tahun dari 83.693 rumah tangga di 134 kabupaten/kota pada 7 Provinsi di wilayahJawa dan Bali. Prevalensi hipertensi di Jawa dan Bali adalah 26,4 persen (95% CI: 26,2-26,6). Tampakada perbedaan peranan di tingkat individu (84,9%), tingkat rumah tangga (6,4%) dan tingkat kabupaten/kota (8,7%). Pada tingkat individu, ada 3 variabel yang berperan cukup besar terhadap kejadianhipertensi di wilayah Jawa Bali yaitu IMT ≥ 25 Kg/m2  (OR: 2,02) dengan kontribusi 4,3 persen, obesitasabdominal (OR: 1,45) dengan kontribusi 2,4 persen dan tingkat pendidikan < SLTP (OR: 1,38) dengankontribusi 1,6 persen. Pada tingkat rumah tangga, variabel yang berperan terhadap kejadian hipertensiadalah kepadatan hunian < 9 m2/orang (IOR: 1,56 - 1,74), pengeluaran perkapita (IOR: 1,56 - 1,74),dan tidak adanya dukungan kegiatan olahraga (IOR: 1,51-1,80). Sedangkan pada tingkat kabupaten/kota variabel yang berperan adalah daerah dengan skor IPM kaya (IOR: 1,00 - 1,62).Penelitian inimerekomendasikan program intervensi, terutama ditujukan pada faktor komposisional pada tingkatindividu. Menurunkan berat badan dengan mempertahankan berat badan ideal dan meniadakan obesitassentral, serta meningkatkan kerjasama lintas sektor non kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pendidikan.
Peran Individu, Rumah Tangga dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar Terhadap Status Gizi Buruk Pada Balita di Indonesia Setyawati, Budi; Pradono, Julianty; Rachmalina, Rika
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol 25, No 4 Des (2015)
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan

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Abstract

AbstrakPeriode emas yang sering disebut sebagai ‘window of opportunity’ terjadi pada lima tahun pertama kehidupan. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran berbagai tingkat pengamatan yakni komposisional (individu) dan kontekstual (rumah tangga dan pelayanan kesehatan dasar tingkat kecamatan) terhadapstatus gizi buruk di Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang, menggunakan data Rifaskes 2011 dan Riskesdas 2010. Tiga tingkatan sampel yaitu individu balita; rumah tangga yang memiliki balita; dan pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas tingkat kecamatan. Analisis menggunakan pemodelan multilevel regresi logistik dengan program stata. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa tingkat rumah tangga berperan paling besar (42,5%), diikuti peran tingkat individu(41,8%) dan pelayanan kesehatan tingkat kecamatan (15,7%). Pada tingkat individu yang berperan pada gizi buruk adalah konsumsi energi-protein kurang dari kecukupan (OR: 1,58), Imunisasi tidak lengkap (OR: 1,47) dan penimbangan tidak rutin (OR: 1,37). Balita di rumah tangga dengan kondisi: ibu tidak tamat SMP, mempunyai anak ≥ 3 orang, dan penanganan sampah kurang baik berisiko 5,36 kali mengalami gizi buruk. Di tingkat Puskesmas kecamatan, variabel yang berperan adalah pembuatan laporan yang kurang baik. Balita yang tinggal di kecamatan berisiko, berpeluang 2,5 kali mengalami gizi buruk. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa status gizi buruk pada balita di Indonesia ditentukan oleh faktor kontekstual, selain faktor komposisional.Kata Kunci : gizi buruk, balita, multilevel, pelayanan kesehatan dasar. AbstractGolden period that is often referred as the ‘window of opportunity’ occurs in the first five years of life. This analyzed the role of the levels of observation that is compositional (individual) and contextual (householdand primary health care sub district level) to the the status of malnutrition in Indonesia. The research was observational with cross-sectional design, using data Baseline Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2010 andHealth Facility Survey (Rifaskes) 2011. The three levels of samples are individual children, households who have children, and health services in health centers at sub-district. Multilevel modelling analysis using logistic regression is applied using Stata program. The results of analysis concluded that the most role of contribution to malnutrition was at household level (42.5%), followed by the role of individual level (41.8 %) and health services at sub-district level (15.7%). At the individual level that contribute to malnutrition are inadequate protein-energy consumption (OR: 1.58), incomplete immunization (OR: 1.47) and not routine weighing (OR: 1.37). Children in the households with a condition: mother nevergraduated from junior high school, have children more than 3, and poor waste management 5.36 times risks of malnutrition. In the sub-district health center level, the variable whose role is making the report is not good, and children who live in these sub-district, 2.5 times as likely to experience malnutrition. In conclusion that the status of malnutrition in children under five years in Indonesia is determined by contextual factors, in addition to compositional factors.Keywords : malnourish, toddlers, multilevel, primary health care
Central obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban adults Pradono, Julianty; Kusumawardani, Nunik; Delima, Delima
Universa Medicina Vol 34, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.187-196

Abstract

BackgroundIn Indonesia the number of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 8.5 million in 2013, and is estimated to be 11.8 million in 2030. The aim of this study was to determine the major risk factors associated with T2DM prevalence in urban aged >15 years.MethodsAn observational study with cross-sectional design was used with the data from Riskesdas 2007 and 2013 on population aged >15 years. Total respondents were 294,352 (2007) and 368,281 (2013). Data were collected by trained personnel through interviews, blood pressure and anthropometry measurements, and blood glucose and lipid tests. Odds ratio (OR) was used to test the relationship between T2DM and a number of other variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was obtained to determine the main risk factor associated with T2DM prevalence.ResultsType 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increased from 2.3% (2007) to 2.5% (2013). T2DM tended to be increased in the younger age groups. Low education, middle-to-high economic status, less physical activity, smoking >200 cigarettes, and high risk blood lipid levels were strongly associated with T2DM prevalence. The main risk factors were inadequate physical activity (2007: OR 1.9;95% CI:1.16–2.98 and 2013: OR 2.44;95% CI: 1.57-3.78) and central obesity (2007: OR 1.8;95% CI:0.99–3.10, and 2013:OR 3.84; 95% CI: 2.49-5.93) after controlling for age, gender, employment and economic status.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in the population aged >15 years increased within 5 years. Lack of physical activity and central obesity were the major risk factors of T2DM prevalence in urban adults.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2007) Pradono, Julianty
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v33i1.83

Abstract

FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO HYPERTENSION IN RURAL AREAS(Data Analysis of Basic Health Research 2007)The increasing of blood-pressure is a one main risk factor to stroke and heart diseases. Blood-pressure increased could be caused by genetic factor, as well as beha viour and environment which might triggered the risk factor. This was much worst with the absence of the particular symptoms, therefore the increasing of blood-pressure was unrealized and could be resulted a very serious impact. Some studies shown that hypertension prevalens were continously rising in a young age group. This analysis aimed to identify factors influenced the rising of blood-pressure for preventing effort. Data sources for this study were Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007. Blood-pressure was measured by using Digital Sphygmoma-nometer. The sample size consisted of 18,601 respondents, included age above 15 years old both males and females from 10 percent of urban area in Indonesia. A multivariate analysis had been done for describing factors influenced the blood-pressure increased. The results shown that respondents ≥ 45 years were the most contributed factor for the inceasing of blood-pressure (OR=2,4), followed by overweight-obese (OR=2,3), obese-central (OR=1,6), hyperglychemic (OR=1,5), duration of smoking (OR=1,5), mental disorder (OR=1,3), economic status (OR=1,2), and unmarried status (OR=1,2). On the otherhand, the better consumption grilled foods, and foods with preservatives might reduce the bloodpressure of respondents (anova, p=0,000). Prediction asumption towards blood-pressure based on those factors was 16,0 percent (R-squared). This study showed that lifestyle modification is essential in preventing urban adults from hypertension. Targeting adults with promotional efforts Healthy Behavior to raise awareness of risk factors for hypertension.Keywords: factors, hypertention, urban
Obesity contributes toward hypertension in young and older adult Pradono, Julianty; Sintawati, Sintawati
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.96-104

Abstract

BackgroundObesity and hypertension are independent risk factors in the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The proportion of obesity in Indonesia has increased in the last 5 years according to the National Health Survey. The purpose of this research was to obtain the contribution of obesity toward hypertension in the age group of 18 years and above.MethodsAn observational study of cross-sectional design was conducted using the National Basic Health Research 2013 population data. The total sample of subjects was 2,741,297 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, blood pressure measurement, and anthropometry. Analysis of categorical data was by means of the chi-square statistical test, followed by calculation of the attributable fraction in the population, and analysis of factors influencing the impact fraction.ResultsThe prevalence of general obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2) was 31.5% in males and 48.0% in females, while central obesity was 20.9% in males and 42.5% in females. In females with general obesity the risk of hypertension was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.82-1.86) times higher than in those with normal BMI. If general obesity and central obesity can be reduced, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in the age group of 18 years or more can be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females, by overcoming the contribution of obesity. Therefore efforts should be geared towards promoting healthy eating habits and maintaining a healthy weight through health education.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2007) Pradono, Julianty
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 33, No 1 (2010): Maret 2010
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (309.739 KB)

Abstract

FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO HYPERTENSION IN RURAL AREAS(Data Analysis of Basic Health Research 2007)The increasing of blood-pressure is a one main risk factor to stroke and heart diseases. Blood-pressure increased could be caused by genetic factor, as well as beha viour and environment which might triggered the risk factor. This was much worst with the absence of the particular symptoms, therefore the increasing of blood-pressure was unrealized and could be resulted a very serious impact. Some studies shown that hypertension prevalens were continously rising in a young age group. This analysis aimed to identify factors influenced the rising of blood-pressure for preventing effort. Data sources for this study were Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007. Blood-pressure was measured by using Digital Sphygmoma-nometer. The sample size consisted of 18,601 respondents, included age above 15 years old both males and females from 10 percent of urban area in Indonesia. A multivariate analysis had been done for describing factors influenced the blood-pressure increased. The results shown that respondents ≥ 45 years were the most contributed factor for the inceasing of blood-pressure (OR=2,4), followed by overweight-obese (OR=2,3), obese-central (OR=1,6), hyperglychemic (OR=1,5), duration of smoking (OR=1,5), mental disorder (OR=1,3), economic status (OR=1,2), and unmarried status (OR=1,2). On the otherhand, the better consumption grilled foods, and foods with preservatives might reduce the bloodpressure of respondents (anova, p=0,000). Prediction asumption towards blood-pressure based on those factors was 16,0 percent (R-squared). This study showed that lifestyle modification is essential in preventing urban adults from hypertension. Targeting adults with promotional efforts Healthy Behavior to raise awareness of risk factors for hypertension.Keywords: factors, hypertention, urban
Co-Authors Asri Werdhasari Budi Setyawati Delima Delima Nunik Kusumawardani Purnawan Junaidi, Purnawan Rika Rachmalina, Rika Sintawati Sintawati, Sintawati