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All Journal Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer)
Hari Kusnanto
Department of Family and Community Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing; Universitas Gadjah Mada
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Effect of Family APGAR Score on Depression Rate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at First-Level Health Facilities Annafsul Mutmainah; Hari Kusnanto; Oryzati Hilman
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) Vol 1, No 2 (2018): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (691.425 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.36211

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of degenerative diseases. The prevalence of DM is increasing from year after year. The uncontrolled blood sugar level is associated with the incidence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, depression will increase the risk of micro and macrovascular complications, disability, and mortality. A functional family is needed for the successful treatment of T2DM patients. A family function assessment should be performed by a family physician as an effort to prevent the occurrence of depression. Family APGAR scores have been widely known among family medicine practitioners as a simple and fast tool for measuring the function of a family.Objectives: To determine the effect of family APGAR scores on the level of depression in patients with T2DM in first-level health facilities.Methods: This study is a quantitative analytic research with a cross-sectional design. A total of 98 T2DM patients as research subjects were measured using family APGAR score questionnaires. The result of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of family APGAR scores on depression, with correlation strength (-0.364). Furthermore, the research subjects underwent measurement of the depression level by using the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) scale. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the family APGAR score and other factors on the level of depression.Results: Data collection from six first-level health facilities obtained 98 samples. Linear regression statistical analysis showed that there is a significant effect of family APGAR scores and age towards the level of depression with sig < 0.05 (0.000). Family APGAR scores and age contributed 10.6% in predicting the depression in the T2DM patient. Another 89.4% is explained by other factors which were not studied in this research.Conclusion: There is a significant effect of family APGAR scores and age on the level of depression in a T2DM patient in first-level health facilities. 
The Precision of Screening Questionnaires for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Hypertension Compared with the Gold Standard in Primary Care Seta Nurhayati Mularum; Hari Kusnanto; Wahyudi Istiono
Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) Vol 1, No 2 (2018): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1050.052 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/rpcpe.36219

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are health issues that are the focus of the Indonesian government, especially in the era of Universal Health Coverage/Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). The prevalences have been steadily increasing daily. Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) has the highest prevalence of DM in Indonesia, while hypertension prevalence is 25.7% according to data from Riskesdas 2013. Complications from diabetes and hypertension lead to decreased quality of life and premature death, therefore it is necessary to have a better management strategy to reduce the risks. Nowadays, there are no diabetes and hypertension screening questionnaires which have been validated and implemented in the district of Bantul. Therefore, it is important to develop screening questionnaires for early detection of diabetes and hypertension as a tool for primary care physicians to perform tasks at the preventive level.Objective: This study aimed to measure the accuracy of screening questionnaires to detect diabetes mellitus and hypertension in primary care in Bantul DIY.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method. The subjects of the study were a group of individuals aged 40-60 years in Bantul who met the criteria inclusion and the criteria exclusion. The study subjects were asked to complete the screening questionnaires of diabetes and hypertension. The results were then compared with the gold standard of fasting blood sugar and blood pressure check. The data were analyzed by using multivariate regression tests.Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors were a history of baby born weight ≥ 4 kg or gestational diabetes mellitus and the abdominal circumference was an independent risk factor for the incidence of diabetes in general population. Being a baby born with weight ≥ 4 kg and abdominal circumference had p = 0.001: RR 2.75 (CI 95%: 1.5 to 5.0) and p = 0.036: RR of 8.08 (CI 95%: 1.15 to 56.8), respectively. The risk factor of age was an independent risk factor for hypertension with p = 0.003: RR of 3.1 (CI 95%: 1.4 to 6.6).Conclusion: History of a baby born with weight ≥ 4 kg and abdominal circumference were appropriate for screening DM, meanwhile the age was appropriate for screening hypertension.
Co-Authors Annafsul Mutmainah Oryzati Hilman Seta Nurhayati Mularum Wahyudi Istiono