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Journal : Amerta

RESOLUSI KONFLIK PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA ARKEOLOGI DI INDONESIA: SUATU KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL (RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS REGARDING THE UTILIZATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURES IN INDONESIA: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK) Bambang Sulistyanto
AMERTA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2006)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

ABSTRAK. Sejak era reformasi tahun 1999, masyarakat Indonesia telah mengalami pencerdasan dan pencerahan yang luar biasa. Selain itu, masyarakat kini semakin menjadi sadar akan hak-haknya dalam konteks memaknai warisan leluhurnya. Oleh karena itu tidak mengherankan, dalam urusan pengelolaan sumberdaya arkeologi, mereka tidak lagi bersikap apatis seperti yang terjadi pada masa orde baru. Sebaliknya pada masa otonomi daerah ini, mereka lebih bersikap proaktif dan bahkan mulai menuntut hak-haknya untuk ikut terlibatkan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya arkeologi. Sebagai akibatnya, muncul berbagai konflik pemanfaatan yang akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi di berbagai tempat khususnya pada situs-situs yang menjadi pusat perhatian masyarakat luas. Banyak faktor penyebab munculnya konflik pemanfaatan sumberdaya arkeologi baik secara kultural maupun struktural. Tetapi faktor penyebab tersebut tidak dapat dilihat secara sepihak, karena dilatarbelakangi oleh sejarah sistem pengelolaan warisan budaya yang selama ini masih mengikuti pola kolonial dan beberapa factor perubahan sosial budaya dan politik yang sangat rumit dan cepat, sehingga solusi pemecahannya pun diperlukan kebijakan ekstra yang tidak mudah. Demikian pula, faktor penyebab konflik yang terjadi di berbagai tempat tidaklah sama, sehingga dalam penanganannya diperlukan strategi resolusi konflik yang sesuai dengan akar permasalahan pada masing-masing daerah tersebut. Secara konseptual resolusi konflik pada hakekatnya lebih merupakan proses penghapusan konflik melalui metode analitis dan mampu menjangkau akar permasalahan. Resolusi konflik juga merupakan solusi yang bersifat permanen terhadap suatu problematik yang melibatkan dua pihak atau lebih di dalam suatu konteks pemanfaatan sumberdaya arkeologi yang khusus.   ABSTRACT. Resolution of Conflicts regarding the Utilization of Archaeological Resources in Indonesia: A Conceptual Framework. The people of Indonesia have become more educated and cultured, since the beginning of the reformation period in 1999. Further effect of reformation is the awareness of the rights of the people of Indonesia to present the significance of their cultural heritages. Therefore, it is understandable that the people of Indonesia are more conscious dynamic in regard to the management of archaeological resources than that of the new order before 1999. Since the commencement of the regional autonomy, the people of Indonesia have become pro-active and began to claim their rights for involvement in managing the archaeological resources. This circumstance has resulted numerous of conflicts of benefiting from the archaeological resources in various regions, especially at sites which attract public interest. The conflict of benefiting from the archaeological resources is caused by a variety of aspects, cultural and structural. However, these aspects cannot be examined independently. The history of cultural heritage management indicate that 1) the system which have been used up to the present adhere to the colonial pattern constructed before the independence of Indonesia in 1945; and 2) A number of complicated and rapid change of social, culture, and politics aspects have also affected the conflict of interests. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an admirable policy to solve this problematical issue. Moreover, the conflict that occurred in each place is also caused by aspect particular to that place. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategic resolution to manage the conflicts taken place in every specific region. Conceptually, the essence of resolution for conflicts is a process of eliminating conflicts by way of analytical method that enable to reach the roots of problems. The resolution for conflicts is also a permanent solution for solving a problem between two parties or more in regard to a specific benefiting from archaeological resources.
PENERAPAN CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DALAM ARKEOLOGI Bambang Sulistyanto
AMERTA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract

Application Cultural Resources Management in Archaeology as a Discipline. Cultural Resource Management (CRM) attempt to manage the related cultural resource in respect with the interest of many parties. In broader sense, CRM positioned the people as an integral part of the process of managing archaeological resources. In order to be able to wisely accommodate such interest and prevent the eruption of conflicts, it is necessary to involve many parties--in planning, implementing until evaluating--in the CRM perfonnance. Therefore, the CRM performance tends to stress on the effort of problem solving and to seek the best and the most reasonable solution. In regard to the above context it is obvious that there is a difference between the performance of CRM and archaeology in general. The performance differences between the two are noted on new dimensions developed in the CRM perfom1ance which cannot be found in that of archaeology. The new dimensions are related to external aspects of archaeological interests such as economy, education, tourism, community, politics and regulation. In other words, the CRM performance concerns with the heterogenic interest of stakeholders. Such concept of performance is not observable in the broad-spectrum of archaeological pe1 ormance, which is likely to focus on the aspect of material culture preservation. Hence, the performance of CRM does not terminate at the preservation of material culture instead it also involves the benefiting of material culture in respect to the ability to disclose the social significance of cultural heritage in the life of the people, which is the essence of perfonnance CRM.