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Alley cropping of legumes with grasses as forages : Effect of different grass species and row spacing of gliricidia on the growth and biomass production of forages Yuhaeni, Siti; Suratmini, N.P; Purwantari, N.D; Manurung, T; Sutedi, E
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

A study to evaluate the effect of different grass species and row spacing of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on the growth and biomass production of forages in an alley cropping system was conducted in two different agroclimatical zones i.e. Bogor, located at 500 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 3,112 nun/year and Sukabumi located at 900 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 1,402 mm/year . Both locations have low N, P, and K content and the soil is classified as acidic. The experimental design used was a split plot design with 3 replicates . The main plots were different grass species i.e. king grass Â (Pennisetum purpureum x P. typhoides) and elephant grass (P. purpureum). The sub plots were the row spacing of gliricidia at 2, 3, 4, 6 m (1 hedgerows) and 4 m (2 hedgerows). The results indicated that the growth and biomass production of grasses were significantly affected (P<0 .05) by the treatments in Bogor. The highest biomass productions was obtained from the 2 m row spacing which gave the highest dry matter production of grasses (1 .65 kg/hill) and gliricidia (0 .086 kg/tree) . In Sukabumi the growth and biomass production of grasses and gliricidia were also significantly affected by the treatments . The highest dry matter production was obtained with 2 m row spacing (dry matter of grasses and gliricidia were 1 .12 kg/hill and 0 .026 kg/tree, respectively) . The result further indicated that biomass production of forages increased with the increase in gliricidia population. The alley cropping system wich is suitable for Bogor was the 2 m row spacing of gliricidia intercropped with either king or elephant grass and for Â Sukabumi 2 and 4 m (2 rows of gliricidia) row spacing intercropped with king or elephant grass . Â Keywords : Alley cropping, grasses, legumes, row spacing

Production and nitrogen uptake of grasses on different shading and fertilization Sirait, J; Purwantari, N.D; Simanihuruk, K
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experiment was conducted in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) Bogor, West Java. The objective of this research was to study the production and nitrogen uptake of three short grasses species for grazing namely Paspalum notatum, Brachiaria humidicola, Stenotaphrum secundatum on different shading and fertilization. This experiment was arranged in split-split plot design. The main plot was shading level (0, 38, and 56%); sub-plot was fertilizer dosage (0, 100, and 200 kg N/ha) while sub-sub plot was grass species. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and continued with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) if there were significantly different among treatments. The highest shoot production, shoot/root ratio, and crude protein content were observed on S. secundatum with 38% shading levels and 100 kg N/ha fertilizer. The higher shading level had the lower nitrogen uptake by plant, whereas the higher fertilizer dosage gave higher nitrogen uptake. Â Â Key Words: Shading, Fertilization, Production, Nitrogen Uptake

Response of Calliandra calothyrsus to inoculation of mutant strain of rhizobia Purwantari, N.D; Sutedi, E
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Rifampicin mutants of rhizobial strain CB3171rif50 and CB3090rif100 were the most effective nitrogen fixing strain of rhizobia selected under axenic condition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the symbiotic response of C. Calothyrsus inoculated by CB3171rif50 or CB3090rif100 grown in the field, on latosol soil with pH 5,2. Plants were either (1) inoculated with mutant strain CB3171rif50, (2) inoculated with mutant strain mutant CB3090rif100 (3) uninoculated and without nitrogen addition or (4) uninoculated and with nitrogen fertilizer as a basal fertilizer. Treatments were replicated four times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Parameters measured were plant height at early stage of the growth, leaf weight, stem weight, nodule number and weight, proportion of nodule formed by inoculant, N and P content of leaf. Results shows that C. calothyrsus was responded to Rhizobium inoculation. The rate of regrowth was faster for the inoculated plant than that of uninoculated and no nitrogen addition. CB3171rif50 produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest leaf fresh and dry weight. At the first harvest (10 month-old of plant) it produced 2106 g/tree that equivalent to 18.72 ton/ha. The lowest was achieved by uninoculated plant which was 556 g/tree that equivalent to 4.94 ton/ha. The production of shoot was increased at the subsequent harvests. CB3171rif50 was out yielded in all harvest, except for the second harvest. The highest total production of leaf fresh weight was obtained by plant inoculated with strain mutan CB3171rif50 which was 50.62 ton ha-1 year-1, followed by CB3090rif100, which was 39.75 ton ha-1 year-1 and the lowest was obtained by uninoculated plant, in a range of 29.64â30.62 ton ha-1 year-1. Nodule recovery shows that nodule samples from uninoculated plant were not resistant to 50 ppm and 100 ppm rifampicin antibiotic that means not producing mutant strain, indicating that those nodules were from the native rhizobial strains. Recovery of nodules showed that proportion of nodules infected by strain mutant CB3171rif50 was 61.3% from nodules tested and nodules infected by CB3090rif100 was 20%. Both mutant strains inoculation have increased the plant production and reinoculation was not necessary till 19 month-old of the plant. Re-inoculation should be considered after this period. Â Â Key Words: Calliandra calothyrsus, Rhizobium, Mutant, Inoculation

Production and nitrogen uptake of grasses on different shading and fertilization J Sirait; N.D Purwantari; K Simanihuruk
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 10, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment was conducted in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) Bogor, West Java. The objective of this research was to study the production and nitrogen uptake of three short grasses species for grazing namely Paspalum notatum, Brachiaria humidicola, Stenotaphrum secundatum on different shading and fertilization. This experiment was arranged in split-split plot design. The main plot was shading level (0, 38, and 56%); sub-plot was fertilizer dosage (0, 100, and 200 kg N/ha) while sub-sub plot was grass species. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and continued with Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) if there were significantly different among treatments. The highest shoot production, shoot/root ratio, and crude protein content were observed on S. secundatum with 38% shading levels and 100 kg N/ha fertilizer. The higher shading level had the lower nitrogen uptake by plant, whereas the higher fertilizer dosage gave higher nitrogen uptake. Key Words: Shading, Fertilization, Production, Nitrogen Uptake

Response of Calliandra calothyrsus to inoculation of mutant strain of rhizobia N.D Purwantari; E Sutedi
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 10, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Rifampicin mutants of rhizobial strain CB3171rif50 and CB3090rif100 were the most effective nitrogen fixing strain of rhizobia selected under axenic condition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the symbiotic response of C. Calothyrsus inoculated by CB3171rif50 or CB3090rif100 grown in the field, on latosol soil with pH 5,2. Plants were either (1) inoculated with mutant strain CB3171rif50, (2) inoculated with mutant strain mutant CB3090rif100 (3) uninoculated and without nitrogen addition or (4) uninoculated and with nitrogen fertilizer as a basal fertilizer. Treatments were replicated four times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Parameters measured were plant height at early stage of the growth, leaf weight, stem weight, nodule number and weight, proportion of nodule formed by inoculant, N and P content of leaf. Results shows that C. calothyrsus was responded to Rhizobium inoculation. The rate of regrowth was faster for the inoculated plant than that of uninoculated and no nitrogen addition. CB3171rif50 produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest leaf fresh and dry weight. At the first harvest (10 month-old of plant) it produced 2106 g/tree that equivalent to 18.72 ton/ha. The lowest was achieved by uninoculated plant which was 556 g/tree that equivalent to 4.94 ton/ha. The production of shoot was increased at the subsequent harvests. CB3171rif50 was out yielded in all harvest, except for the second harvest. The highest total production of leaf fresh weight was obtained by plant inoculated with strain mutan CB3171rif50 which was 50.62 ton ha-1 year-1, followed by CB3090rif100, which was 39.75 ton ha-1 year-1 and the lowest was obtained by uninoculated plant, in a range of 29.64–30.62 ton ha-1 year-1. Nodule recovery shows that nodule samples from uninoculated plant were not resistant to 50 ppm and 100 ppm rifampicin antibiotic that means not producing mutant strain, indicating that those nodules were from the native rhizobial strains. Recovery of nodules showed that proportion of nodules infected by strain mutant CB3171rif50 was 61.3% from nodules tested and nodules infected by CB3090rif100 was 20%. Both mutant strains inoculation have increased the plant production and reinoculation was not necessary till 19 month-old of the plant. Re-inoculation should be considered after this period. Key Words: Calliandra calothyrsus, Rhizobium, Mutant, Inoculation

Alley cropping of legumes with grasses as forages : Effect of different grass species and row spacing of gliricidia on the growth and biomass production of forages Siti Yuhaeni; N.P Suratmini; N.D Purwantari; T Manurung; E Sutedi
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 2, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A study to evaluate the effect of different grass species and row spacing of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on the growth and biomass production of forages in an alley cropping system was conducted in two different agroclimatical zones i.e. Bogor, located at 500 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 3,112 nun/year and Sukabumi located at 900 m a .s .l . with an average annual rainfall of 1,402 mm/year . Both locations have low N, P, and K content and the soil is classified as acidic. The experimental design used was a split plot design with 3 replicates . The main plots were different grass species i.e. king grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. typhoides) and elephant grass (P. purpureum). The sub plots were the row spacing of gliricidia at 2, 3, 4, 6 m (1 hedgerows) and 4 m (2 hedgerows). The results indicated that the growth and biomass production of grasses were significantly affected (P<0 .05) by the treatments in Bogor. The highest biomass productions was obtained from the 2 m row spacing which gave the highest dry matter production of grasses (1 .65 kg/hill) and gliricidia (0 .086 kg/tree) . In Sukabumi the growth and biomass production of grasses and gliricidia were also significantly affected by the treatments . The highest dry matter production was obtained with 2 m row spacing (dry matter of grasses and gliricidia were 1 .12 kg/hill and 0 .026 kg/tree, respectively) . The result further indicated that biomass production of forages increased with the increase in gliricidia population. The alley cropping system wich is suitable for Bogor was the 2 m row spacing of gliricidia intercropped with either king or elephant grass and for Sukabumi 2 and 4 m (2 rows of gliricidia) row spacing intercropped with king or elephant grass . Keywords : Alley cropping, grasses, legumes, row spacing

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