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All Journal Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Community Empowerment Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Ni Nyoman Nepi Marleni
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Environmental Science Public Health Social Sciences

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Journal : Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum

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A Critical Review of Wastewater Resource Recovery Implementation in Indonesia Ni Nyoman Nepi Marleni; Gema Sakti Raspati
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 6 No. 1 (January 2020)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.407 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.52755

Abstract

Wastewater has been recognized as a resource due to its large quantities, and it contains many valuable resources that can be converted into valuable material. Reusing or recovering resources from wastewater can reduce the environmental footprint of wastewater treatment, minimize the contamination and ensure the availability of valuable resources for the human being. The ultimate aim of wastewater resource recovery (WRR) is to create a sustainable and resilient community which is very relevant in Indonesia as this country experiences many natural or human-made disaster. To have an effective implementation, therefore, it is crucial to identify the barriers or supporting factors in its implementation of Wastewater Resource Recovery, which can be different for many regions. Through extensive literature studies, this study intends to review the possibility of WRR implementation in Indonesia.  This study discusses Indonesia policy/regulation about wastewater management across all-region in Indonesia, identify barriers in WRR, compares global trends of wastewater management to Indonesia practice and list wastewater resources that potentially can be recovered in Indonesia. From the review, barriers of WRR implementation in Indonesia is most probably due to the policy and regulation of wastewater management which many of them did not support the option of WRR, instead of suggesting only safe discharge option. However, some regulations have mentioned the utilization of wastewater by-product, but it is limited only to treated water utilization. Other obstacles are social acceptance and distance between recovered material supply and demand. Social acceptance includes the human perception regarding the health risk associated with wastewater by-product. Religion also could be a potential barrier that needs to be handled in the implementation of WRR. This study could give new insight into the current state of wastewater resource recovery initiative in Indonesia; thus the strategy to overcome the barriers could be designed.
The Application of Combined Phytoremediation Greywater Treatment in A Single House Ni Nyoman Nepi Marleni; Ristie Ermawati; Nurul Alvia Istiqomah
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 1 (January 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.58218

Abstract

A report showed 22% of households in Indonesia did not have a proper sanitation facility in 2018 and this caused the potential discharge of their wastewater directly to the surface water, thereby, polluting the water and its surrounding environment. The quality of water resources is also declining nationwide due to pollution and this affects the cost of water treatment, therefore, it is necessary to determine the most effective treatment method to reduce this pollution. However, one of the breakthroughs observed to have met the criteria of low cost, simple operation and maintenance, and energy-saving is greywater treatment using plants (phytotechnology) combined with solar ultraviolet (UV) system. This research was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the performance of the coupled greywater treatment and investigate the possibility of its implementation in the actual condition of a selected single house. Moreover, the physical treatment and phytoremediation were combined with solar disinfection treatment, and the units selected include a collection and sedimentation chamber, filter, phytoremediation, and solar disinfection chamber. The flowrate was measured based on the difference in water level over time while the influent and effluent quality was evaluated at the inlet of the sedimentation chamber and outlet of the disinfection chamber. The results showed the organic efficiency removal was up to 92% while the solids content was found to be high at 49% and the system was able to effectively remove the ammonia at 57% and reduce the pathogenic bacteria by 88%. Moreover, the treated water quality known as the effluent met all the requirements of the Provincial Regulation of Central Java No. 5 of 2012 and Class 3 standard (water for cultivation of plants and fisheries) of Indonesian Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. However, it did not meet the standard for toilet flushing water according to the standard from U.K, U.S.A, and Australia. This means the treatment system was unable to produce an effluent with the ability to replace the water use indoor. Therefore, it is recommended that an advanced treatment system for greywater such as Submerged Membrane Bioreactor be applied to maximize the intake of treated greywater for indoor and outdoor uses.
Co-Authors Adhin Harum Wulaningtyas Bambang Triatmodjo Djoko Legono Ermawati, Ristie Firdaus, Nitis Aruming Gema Sakti Raspati Istiqomah, Nurul Alvia Nurul Alvia Istiqomah Ristie Ermawati Sarno Widodo