Setho Hadisuyatmana
Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga Kampus C Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115

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Journal : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

The Correlation between Masculinity and Smoking Behavior among Adolescent in Surabaya Setho Hadisuyatmana
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 02 (2020) Feb. 2020
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

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Abstract

Smoking behavior is one of the risky health behaviors adopted by adolescents in Indonesia. The behavior was commonly recognized as a masculine among male adolescents. The label of man identity called masculinity influences this condition. This study investigated the association of masculinity as ideology, masculinity norms, and gender role conflict and its correlation with smoking behavior in male adolescents who lived in Surabaya. This study used a descriptive correlative method and involved 314 adolescent males aged 15-18 years old in Surabaya as participants. We employed univariate analysis to identify predictors, including the ideology of masculinity (MNRI-SF), masculinity norms (CMNI-46), and gender role conflict (GRCS-I); and a dependent variable: male adolescents’ smoking behavior. The data were collected electronically, following waived written consents. Bivariate analyses were conducted to investigate each of the predictor's questionnaires and dependent variables using chi-square with the level of significance of p<0.05. Adolescents as participants in this study have low levels of ideological masculinity, high norms of masculinity and gender role conflict in the moderate category. The results indicated that ideology masculinity, masculinity norms, and gender role conflicts are positively associated with smoking behavior (p=0,001, p=0,029, and p=0,001 respectively). The findings of this study suggested that smoking behavior was constructed as an element to the idea of masculinity in the perspective of male adolescents in Surabaya, despite the available warning to prevent the circulation of tobacco products to adolescents. Thus, this study recommends the need for reinvention around tobacco-products circulation as not to involve the youth. Keywords: Adolescent, Gender role conflict, Masculinity, Smoking behavior.
Men’s Attachment to Masculinity and Preference in Accessing Primary Health Care Service in URBAN Area of Surabaya, Indonesia Setho Hadisuyatmana
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 02 (2020) Feb. 2020
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Men’s attachment to masculinity is believed to contribute to the low access to health services. However, there is a paucity in the available literature to explain this further in Indonesia. This study aimed to narrow the gap by providing scientific evidence to explain whether a similar situation is occurring in Indonesia. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 134 men aged 20-40 years old who lived in Surabaya as participants. The ideology of masculinity, masculinity norms and the gender role conflict were assessed for their correlations with men’s access to primary health care. Univariate analysis was employed to identify the studied variables; and bivariate analysis was conducted to the correlation with men’s use of the primary health care services, using Spearman’s correlation test. The men were moderately attached to the ideology of masculinity (52.2%), masculinity norms (56.7%) and have moderate gender role conflicts (53.7%), and used the primary health care center for services (54.5%). The bivariate analysis resulted that all the three studied variables did not correlate with men’s access to primary health care centers (p = 0.455, 0.654, 0.300 respectively). The results refute the widely accepted notion and suggest that the men’s attachment to masculinity did not contribute to their use of primary health care service. Instead, the men would access the primary health service as early as physical symptoms started to occur.Keywords: Health service utilization, Indonesia, Masculinity, Men, Primary health care.