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All Journal Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Aida Nur Ramadhani
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Review: Hidrolisis Lignoselulosa dari Agricultural Waste Sebagai Optimasi Produksi Fermentable Sugar Sutini Sutini; Yohanita Restu Widihastuty; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Volume 3 No 2 December 2019
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v3i2.42788

Abstract

Abstrak. Agricultural waste adalah limbah yang dihasilkan dari sektor pertanian, seperti limbah jerami, ampas tebu, dan pelepah sawit. Limbah pertanian tersebut mengandung lignoselulosa. Lignoselulosa adalah komponen yang terdiri atas selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Adanya kandungan selulosa dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai produk, namun kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa dapat menghambat proses hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Selulosa memiliki banyak kegunaan seperti bahan baku propelan atau bahan peledak, serta turunan dari alfa-selulosa dapat diproses menjadi produksi bioetanol, asam glutamat, biosolvent alkohol, dll. Metode hidrolisis lignoselulosa sangat mempengaruhi kadar fermentable sugar yang dihasilkan. Upaya penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Pretreatment bahan untuk menghilangkan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta optimasi enzim xilanase dan selulase secara signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sakarifikasi dan hidrolisis simultan efektif meningkatkan hasil dan laju hidrolisis lignoselulosa. Sehingga perlu pendekatan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektifitas berbagai metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan optimasi pemecahan rantai lignoselulosa. Fokus pada review paper ini adalah metode yang dapat digunakan dalam hidrolisis lignoselulosa agricultural waste sebagai optimasi produksi fermentable sugar, diantaranya: metode pretreatment, delignifikasi, hidrolisis dan sakarifikasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan lanjut dari fermentable sugar. Abstract. Agricultural waste are produced from the agricultural sector, such as straw waste, bagasse, and palm fronds. Agricultural waste contains lignocellulose. Lignocellulose is a component consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The content of cellulose can be used in various products, but the content of lignin and hemicellulose can inhibit the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Cellulose has many uses such as propellant or explosive raw materials, and derivatives of alpha-cellulose can be processed into the production of bioethanol, glutamic acid, and biosolvent alcohol. The lignocellulose hydrolysis method greatly affects the levels of fermentable sugar produced. Research have been made to increase the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. In this paper, several methods can be used to increase the yield of fermentable sugar through the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, including pretreatment, delignification, hydrolysis, and saccharification methods. Pretreatment using 2% alkaline, thermal delignification, hydrolysis using xylanase and cellulase enzymes together can significantly increase the ability of lignocellulose hydrolysis to obtain optimal fermentable sugar yield. Simultaneous saccharification and hydrolysis are effective in increasing yield and product formation rate. Keywords: Agricultural Waste, Lignocellulose, Cellulose, Pretreatment, Delignification, Saccharification, Hydrolysis, Xylanase, Cellulase, Fermentable Sugar
Isotherm Adsorbsi Uap Air Komposit Poli(asam laktat) - Grafit Fadilah Fadilah; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Sperisa Distantina; Dwi Ardiana Setyawhardani; Endang Kwartiningsih; Aida Nur Ramadhani; Isa Fakhruddin; Amaldo Firjarahadi Tane
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Volume 6, No 1 July 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i1.58786

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Poli asam laktat adalah polimer hidrofobik yang termasuk dalam kelas biomaterial yang bersifat biodegradable. Poli asam laktat berpotensi untuk dijadikan komposit polimer konduktif (conductive polymer composite - CPC) yang dipergunakan sebagai bahan semikonduktor dengan cara mencampurkan grafit kepadanya. Perilaku adsorpsi uap air perlu dipelajari untuk mengetahui stabilitas komposit dan ditunjukkan melalui kurva isotherm adsorpsi uap air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari isotherm adsorpsi uap air komposit poli asam laktat/grafit pada berbagai komposisi grafit. Pengamatan terhadap isotherm adsorpsi uap air dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri pada berbagai kondisi kelembaban relatif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kurva isotherm mengikuti tipe II menurut kasifikasi Brunauer, yaitu kurva berbentuk sigmoidal.  Semakin tinggi kondisi kelembaban relatif, semakin besar kandungan air kesetimbangan. Peningkatan kandungan air kesetimbangan secara tajam terjadi pada kondisi kelembaban di atas 75%.  Semakin tinggi komposisi grafit, semakin besar kandungan uap air kesetimbangan. Data kesetimbangan dicocokkan dengan model kesetimbangan sorpsi uap air yaitu model Guggenhiem-Anderson-deBoer (GAB), model Peleg, dan model Oswin. Model GAB memberikan gambaran isotherm yang terbaik.Kata kunci: Adsorpsi Uap Air, Kesetimbangan, Komposit, Poli Asam Laktat/Grafit, Pemodelan  ABSTRACT. Poly(lactic acid)/PLA is a hydrophobic polymer that belongs to the class of biodegradable biomaterial. PLA can be used as material in the manufacture of conductive polymer composite (CPC), which is used as a semiconductor material by mixing graphite into it. The water vapor adsorption behavior needs to be studied to determine the stability of the composite. This research aims to investigate the water vapor adsorption isotherm in poly(lactic acid)/graphite composites on various graphite compositions. The gravimetric method carried observations on the water vapor adsorption isotherm at various relative humidity conditions. The results obtained indicate that the isotherm curve follows type II according to the Brunauer classification. The higher the relative humidity, the greater the equilibrium water content. A sharp increase in the equilibrium water content occurs at humidity conditions above 75%. The higher the graphite composition, the greater the equilibrium moisture content. The Guggenhiem-Anderson-deBoer (GAB), Peleg, and Oswin sorption models were used to fit the experimental data. The GAB model best described the isotherms of the composites.Keywords: Composite, Equilibrium, Modeling, Poly(lactic acid)/Graphite, Water Vapor Adsorption
Biofilm Formation and Bio Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Diesel-Biodiesel Storage Tank Aida Nur Ramadhani; Ardiyan Harimawan; Hary Devianto
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 18, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1651.131 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v18i1.45-55

Abstract

Biodiesel is potential to blend with petroleum diesel as an alternative blended fuel. Biodiesel is usually stored in carbon steel storage tank which easily corroded by microorganisms. Microorganisms can use blended fuels as carbon source and water from biodiesel which is hygroscopic for growth and metabolism. Thus, degradation of fuel may occur and lead to biocorrosion by microorganisms such as Bacillus megaterium. This research was conducted to determine the effect of biodiesel concentration of blended fuel on biofilm formation and biocorrosion by Bacillus megaterium. The experiments were carried out by immersing carbon steel specimens in immersion medium for 21 days with variation of biodiesel concentration (B0, B20, B30, and B100). Biofilms that form on the metal surface cause areas with non-uniform oxygen concentrations and form anodic/cathodic conditions, raised to potential differences and biocorrosion occurred. The average corrosion rates were 0,035 ± 0,03; 0,533 ± 0,33; 0,642 ± 0,28; 0,109 ± 0,04 mm/year achieved by B0, B20, B30 and B100 respectively. These rates increased when compared to the control medium. Microorganism activity also caused damage to the metal surface by forming pitting corrosion on B30 and B100.
Optimization of Fermentable Sugar Production from Pineapple Leaf Waste (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) by Enzymatic Hydrolysis Yohanita Restu Widihastuty; Sutini Sutini; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 18, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1113.951 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v18i1.73-80

Abstract

Pineapple leaf waste is one agricultural waste that has high cellulose content. Pineapple leaf waste's complex structure contains a bundle of packed fiber that makes it hard to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure, so challenging to produce reducing sugar. Dried pineapple leaf waste pretreated with a grinder to break its complex structure. Delignification process using 2% w/v NaOH solution at 87oC for 60 minutes has been carried out to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure so reducing sugar could be produced. Delignified pineapple leaf waste has been enzymatic hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme (6 mL, 7 mL, and 8 mL) to produce reducing sugar. The sample was incubated in an incubator shaker at 155 rpm at 45, 55, and 60oC for 72 hours. Determination of reducing sugar yield had been carried out using the Dubois method and HPLC. The model indicated that the optimum operating condition of enzymatic hydrolysis is 7 mL of cellulase enzyme at 55oC to produce 96,673 mg/L reducing sugar. This result indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis operating condition improved the reducing sugar yield from pineapple leaf waste. The optimum reducing sugar yield can produce biofuel by the saccharification process.
Pemanfaatan Cangkang Biji Nyamplung sebagai Penghasil Resin untuk Mengatasi Permasalahan Limbah Padat di CV Plantanesia Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani; Mujtahid Kaavessina; Fadilah Fadilah; Sperisa Distantina; Endang Kwartiningsih; Yoseph Calasanctius Danarto; Aida Nur Ramadhani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2022): Volume 6, No 2 December 2022
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v6i2.66463

Abstract

ABSTRAK. CV Plantanesia merupakan industri penghasil minyak dari biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) yang dikenal sebagai Tamanu oil. Minyak tersebut dijual sebagai bahan baku kosmetik untuk produk skin care dan obat tradisional seperti luka, penyakit kulit, rematik, minyak untuk urut maupun obat gatal. Produksi Tamanu oil menghasilkan limbah hasil pengepresan minyak dari bijinya yang berupa bungkil/ampas biji dan cangkang/kulit buah nyamplung. Limbah tersebut dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar dan belum dimanfaatkan sehingga hanya dibuang sebagai sampah dan dibakar. Cangkang biji nyamplung mengandung resin senyawa fenolik yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, anti inflamasi, anti kanker, dan anti mikroba sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan pengolahan limbah pengepresan minyak biji nyamplung, khususnya cangkang biji dan pengolahannya untuk menjadi resin. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di CV. Plantanesia yang berlokasi di Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Jaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pelatihan diberikan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, diskusi dan pelatihan pengambilan (ekstraksi) resin dari cangkang nyamplung. Proses ekstraksi resin dari cangkang nyamplung dan pengaturan kondisi optimal ekstraksi dilakukan terlebih dahulu melalui percobaan pendahuluan di Laboratorium Program Studi Teknik Kimia FT UNS. Hasil percobaan tersebut digunakan sebagai materi pelatihan. Penyampaian materi dilakukan melalui kunjungan, penyuluhan dan pelatihan pada pelaku usaha khususnya CV Plantanesia. Materi penyuluhan dikemas dalam modul dan dipraktekkan secara langsung di lokasi CV. Dari kegiatan ini, mitra memperoleh peningkatan wawasan akan pemanfaatan cangkang biji nyamplung. Produk resin yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai produk samping yang bernilai jual tinggi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pelaku usaha, sekaligus dapat mengatasi masalah limbahnya. Kata kunci: cangkang biji nyamplung, resin, tamanu oilABSTRACT. CV Plantanesia is a home industry that produces nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil known as Tamanu oil. The oil is usually used for skin care products and traditional medicines such as wounds, skin diseases, rheumatism, massage oil and itching medicine. Tamanu oil production leaves solid waste from the pressing process, which is cake/seed dregs and shells/skin of nyamplung fruit. This waste is generated in large quantities and has not been utilized, so it is only disposed of as garbage or just burned. Nyamplung seed shells contain resin phenolic compounds which is used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. It can be used for medical treatment. This project aims to provide training on processing waste nyamplung seed oil, especially the seed shells and their processing to become resin. This activity is carried out at CV. Plantanesia which is located in Tasikmadu, Jaten, Karanganyar. The project was implemented in various activities, such as counseling, focus group discussions and workshop for extracting resin from nyamplung shells. The resin extraction and optimization process condition were developed at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University. The experimental results are implemented in the workshop at the industry. From this activity, partners gain increased insight into the use of nyamplung seed shells. The resin product is expected to be useful as a high value by-product to increase the benefit of the industry, as well as to overcome the waste problem.Keywords: nyamplung seed shell, resin, tamanu oil
Co-Authors Amaldo Firjarahadi Tane Ardiyan Harimawan Devianto, Hary Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani Dwi Ardiana Setyawhardani Endang Kwartiningsih Fadilah Fadilah Fadilah Fadilah Isa Fakhruddin Mujtahid Kaavessina Sperisa Distantina Sutini Sutini Sutini Sutini Yohanita Restu Widihastuty Yohanita Restu Widihastuty Yoseph Calasanctius Danarto