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PEMBENTUKAN, PENGUJIAN AKTIFITAS DAN SELEKTIFITAS BEBERAPA KATALIS PREKURSOR DARI SENYAWA "Ru-KETENILIDINE/SiO2" Achmad Hanafi Setiawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 7, No 1-2 (1997)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5260.143 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v7i1-2.219

Abstract

The catalyst precursor of Ru3CCO/Si02, RU3C:/SiO2 and RU3:/SiO2 had been identified by "Temperature-Programmed Desorption(TPD)-FTIR-insitu" techniques. The last two precur- sors show a reversible reaction with CO, but the RU3CCO/SiO2 is rather unstable. Test of precursors with C2H4, shows that Ru3CCO/SiO2 produced trans-C4Hg, RU3:/SiO2 produced cis-C4Hg and the RU3C:/SiO2 yielded C3H6, selectively.
Identifikasi Logam pada Endapan Lindi Hitam Hasil Samping Proses Bioetanol sebagai Salah Satu Konsep dalam Pemurnian Lignin Achmad Hanafi Setiawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 18, No 01 (2016)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.975 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v18i01.42

Abstract

Lignin merupakan polimer alam yang bersifat amorf, tidak beracun danmerupakan hasil samping dari proses delignifikasi pada proses bioetanolgenerasi kedua. Produk lignin dari proses ini biasanya masih mengandungselulosa, hemiselulosa, dan senyawaan anorganik, sehingga kontaminantersebut harus dihilangkan pada proses pemurnian. Penelitian ini difokuskanhanya pada penghilangan kotoran anorganik kecuali silika. Lindi hitamdiperoleh dari proses delignifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit yangdilakukan dengan menggunakan 5% (b/b) larutan NaOH dengan rasiopadatan dan larutan 1: 5, pada kondisi proses 150oC, 5 bar selama 30menit. Endapan lignin diperoleh dengan menambahkan 50% (v/v) asam sulfatke dalam dua larutan lindi hitam sedemikian hingga larutan mencapai hargapH = 12 dan pH = 1. Kemudian masing-masing larutan disentrifus padaputaran 4000 rpm selama 15 menit. Setelah disaring dan dikeringkan padasuhu 50oC selama 16 jam, sampel kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan TG/DTAdan hasilnya dikonfirmasi dengan uji TPC, sedangkan komposisi unsur-unsuranorganik yang terkandung dalam abu dianalisis dengan EDS, dan distribusipartikelnya diukur dengan PSA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampelyang berasal dari larutan dengan pH = 12 menghasilkan 28% kadar abu danmengandung sembilan elemen yang jumlahnya berkisar antara 1,3-18,0%,sedangkan sampel yang berasal dari larutan dengan pH = 1 hanyamengandung 0,9% kadar abu dan mengandung empat unsur anorganik yangjumlahnya berkisar antara 0,2-1,8%. Terjadi penurunan rata-rata ukuranpartikel sampel dari 262 μm sampai 59 μm dengan perubahan kondisi larutandari pH = 12 ke pH = 1.
CARBON MONOXIDE CHEMISORPTION- CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF PREPARED NICKEL CATALYSTS FOR AMINATION OF ETHANOL Achmad Hanafi Setiawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (1994)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4943.458 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v4i2.249

Abstract

Three types of nickel metal catalyst supported on silica gel have been prepared using impregnation, ion exchanged sodium hydroxide and ion exchanged ammonia methods, in order to investigate the influence of preparation methods on metal dispersion and their activities for amination of ethanol. All the catalyst samples had a nominal nickel loading of 5 % (w/w). After preparation, the catalysts were activated by a drying stage followed by calcination and reduction. The result of transferring the nickel salt to the support phase has shown that the impregnation method was the most efficient, and the least efficient being the ion exchanged sodium hydroxide method. The results from the carbon monoxide chemisorption studies showed that the nickel is poorly dispersed(2%) in the impregnated sample, and highly dispersed(20%) in the ion exchanged sample prepared by the ammonia method. The dispersion was lower(6%) for the catalyst prepared by the sodium hydroxide method due to the formation of sodium nickel silicates which were difficult to reduce. The amination of ethanol over these catalysts was found to take place at 503 OK with methane being formed as a byproduct. The ion exchanged sample prepared by the ammonia method gave the highest yield(57%) of ethylamine although its specific activity/m2 nickel metal(4 x 10-7) was similar to the sample prepared by the impregnation method. The retained sodium in the ion exchanged sodium hydroxide catalyst poisoned metal sites for ethanol amination.
STUDI TENTANG SPESIES LOGAM Ni DARI BEBERAPA KATALIS PREKURSOR Ni/SiO2 TERKALSINASI DENGAN TPR DAN XRD Achmad Hanafi Setiawan
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3507.164 KB) | DOI: 10.14203/jkti.v5i1.238

Abstract

Three different kinds of Ni-containlng species have been identified in calcined (673°K) Ni/SiO2 catalyst precursors according to their different reducibilities during temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Species A is attributed to an easily reduced species, corresponding to the bulk NiO with little interaction with the silica surface; species B is assigned to a less easily reduced form, due to small NiO particle attached to the silica surface; species C is ascribed to a very difficult to reduce species, reflecting to the strong NiO-silica surface interaction, Nickelhydrosilicate. Species A is obtained by either impregnation and ion exchanged methods, while species B and C are only produced by the ion echange method. The retained Na in the ion exchanged-NaOH catalyst affected a decreasing in the proportion of species A and a growth of the proportion of species C. The maximum value of intensity ratios of "d-spacing-XRD " of d2 and d3 in the reduced precursor Ni/SiO2 indicated the highest of catalyst activity.