Nanang Rohadi
Department Of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia

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Teknik Pengujian Kinerja Algoritme Relay Jarak Menggunakan DIgSILENT Nanang Rohadi; Nendi Suhendi; Liu Kin Men
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 10 No 1: Februari 2021
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1322.778 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v10i1.735

Abstract

This paper presents a novel technique of testing to evaluate the performance of the transmission line protection relay algorithms (model SEL-421 distance relay) using DIgSILENT. The purpose of this publication is to provide an understanding of using DIgSILENT software for testing protection relays. The accuracy of the fault impedance measurement algorithm due to the influence of the system uncertainty factor can be simultaneously observed and tested automatically. The effects of the fault resistance and the power flow angle are considered as uncertainty factors. In the proposed method, the fault simulation on the transmission line is carried out at a number of different fault locations with factors are varied based on the value of the sample parameter and changed simultaneously to see the effect of relay performance. A random sample of parameters is generated over a certain range of values. Automatic testing has been applied through an algorithm developed with DIgSILENT’s DPL (DIgSILENT Programming Language). The examples presented in this publication explaining the proposed methods of testing which can also be used to their practical use. In this publication, the method for testing distance relay has been successfully implemented through a combination of DIgSILENT and MATLAB.
Investigasi Kinerja Relai Proteksi Saluran Transmisi dengan Kompensator Seri Nanang Rohadi; Nendi Suhendi
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 12 No 3: Agustus 2023
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v12i3.4810

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the measurement results of closed loop fault impedance using conventional distance relay algorithms (SEL-421 distance relay) when used as protective tools on transmission lines with series compensators and several uncertainty parameters (factors). Several system’s factors can emerge concurrently, and the series compensators may affect the relay algorithm’s performance, particularly on the phase fault to ground. However, the existing testing method of the relay performance only alters one factor while simultaneously keeping others constant. This technique is no longer relevant when several factors are not considered simultaneously, affecting the relay performance during faults. For algorithm investigations as in actual conditions, several fault scenarios were performed at the fault point before and after series compensators while simultaneously changing the values of several factors in the system model through fault simulations. This research employed the DIgSILENT PowerFactory for power system modeling and fault simulation. In fault testing simulations, Thevenin equivalent circuit with two sources and 42% series compensator were placed in the center of a 300 km of a 400 kV transmission line. Several fault scenarios and the fault impedance measurement as a function of changes in several factor values were performed automatically. An automated testing simulation was developed using the DIgSILENT Programming Language (DPL) to read data samples generated through the SIMLAB software for several factors. A series compensator affected the performance of the relay algorithm for calculating the fault impedance when faults occurred after the compensator. For faults after the compensator, changing several factors simultaneously affects the relay’s accuracy and aggravates the relay’s performance, specifically relay operation failure in the form of underreaching and overreaching. The developed testing technique is expected to be utilized as a cutting-edge testing tool for the development and implementation of relays in a timely manner and as in actual conditions.
GSA dengan Skrining Faktor untuk Evaluasi Kinerja Relai Proteksi Saluran Nanang Rohadi; Bambang Mukti Wibawa; Nendi Suhendi
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 13 No 3: Agustus 2024
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v13i3.9422

Abstract

This paper presents a global sensitivity analysis with factor screening to efficiently test conventional distance relay algorithm models used as transmission line protection devices with series compensators. Various system indeterminacy parameters (factors) may affect the functional performance of the fault impedance measurement algorithm model of intelligent electronic devices, specifically the SEL-421 type distance relays. The purpose of global sensitivity testing is to determine the influence strength of individual and interacting factors on the output of the fault impedance measurement algorithm. Global sensitivity analysis, conducted through variance analysis using quasi-Monte Carlo methods, aims to compute the error in fault impedance measurement results. As an initial step, the Morris method was employed to filter out factors that did not predominantly affect relay performance, thereby reducing the computational burden of the global sensitivity analysis. Several simulated transmission line faults with series compensators and multiple factors were modeled using DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Automatic fault simulations, both before and after compensators, were developed using DIgSILENT Programming Language. The sensitivity of the relay algorithm output was tested for each simulation based on read-out voltage, fault current signals, and the values of sampled factors using both Morris and Sobol methods. The variance of the algorithm output model influenced by several factors was calculated using SIMLAB software. Fault resistance emerged as the dominant factor affecting algorithm performance, with sensitivity indices exceeding 0.9 and 0.7 for faults before and after the compensator, respectively. This technique has effectively tested the SEL-421 distance relay algorithm.
Adaptive PID Auto-Tuning Algorithm on Omron PLC for Speed Control and Stability Nanang Rohadi; Liu Kin Men; Akik Hidayat
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 14 No 4: November 2025
Publisher : This journal is published by the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v14i4.22693

Abstract

Speed regulation of three-phase induction motors under varying load conditions presents a major challenge in industrial automation due to their nonlinear dynamic behavior. This paper proposes an adaptive speed control system using a proportional-integral-derivative auto-tuning (PIDAT) algorithm implemented on the Omron CP1H-XA40DT-D programmable logic controller (PLC). The initial PID parameters were derived using the Ziegler–Nichols method, and the system continuously monitored the steady-state error during operation. When the error exceeded a predefined 5% threshold, the auto-tuning sequence was triggered. This sequence included a relay feedback test (RFT), system identification using a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model, and real-time PID parameter recalculation. The system hardware integrated an Omron 3G3MX2 inverter, rotary encoder, and NB7W-TW01B human–machine interface (HMI) to form a closed-loop control structure. Experimental validation was performed under both spontaneous and constant load conditions. The PIDAT method consistently demonstrated superior performance compared to classical Ziegler–Nichols tuning, achieving steady-state errors in no-load tests below 1.70 % and under 0.8% in loaded conditions. Furthermore, the system achieved settling times below 9 s and recovered from load disturbances in less than 4 s. These results validate the proposed PIDAT system as an accurate, fast, and adaptive control solution, reducing the need for manual tuning and enhancing robustness in dynamic industrial environments.
Perancangan dan Implementasi Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Berbasis Logika Fuzzy terhadap Variasi Beban pada PLC Mitsubishi FX3U Nanang Rohadi; Liu Kin Men; Akik Hidayat
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 15 No 1: Februari 2026
Publisher : This journal is published by the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v15i1.22694

Abstract

Three-phase induction motors are extensively deployed in industrial automation due to their robustness, simplicity, and efficiency. Nevertheless, maintaining speed stability under dynamically varying loads remains a significant control challenge. This study investigated the design and implementation of a fuzzy logic-based speed control system fully embedded within a Mitsubishi FX3U-64M programmable logic controller (PLC), eliminating the dependency on external software platforms. The system integrated a rotary encoder for real-time speed feedback, an FX2N-2DA digital-to-analog converter for signal output, and a Mitsubishi FR-E520 inverter for frequency and voltage regulation. The fuzzy controller utilized two input variables, speed error and rate of change, which were fuzzified and processed through a Mamdani-type inference mechanism. All fuzzy operations, including rule evaluation and centroid-based defuzzification, were executed using ladder diagram programming via GX Works2. Experimental validation was performed across five speed references (300 to 1200 rpm) and varying mechanical loads (0.5–1.5 kg). The controller consistently achieved steady-state errors below 1% in no-load conditions and below 0.5% under load, with recovery times ranging from 1.5 to 6.75 s. These results demonstrate that the proposed PLC-based fuzzy controller provides a responsive, accurate, and fully integrable solution for real-time industrial motor speed regulation under variable operating conditions.
Adaptive PID Auto-Tuning Algorithm on Omron PLC for Speed Control and Stability Nanang Rohadi; Liu Kin Men; Akik Hidayat
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 14 No 4: November 2025
Publisher : This journal is published by the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v14i4.22693

Abstract

Speed regulation of three-phase induction motors under varying load conditions presents a major challenge in industrial automation due to their nonlinear dynamic behavior. This paper proposes an adaptive speed control system using a proportional-integral-derivative auto-tuning (PIDAT) algorithm implemented on the Omron CP1H-XA40DT-D programmable logic controller (PLC). The initial PID parameters were derived using the Ziegler–Nichols method, and the system continuously monitored the steady-state error during operation. When the error exceeded a predefined 5% threshold, the auto-tuning sequence was triggered. This sequence included a relay feedback test (RFT), system identification using a first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model, and real-time PID parameter recalculation. The system hardware integrated an Omron 3G3MX2 inverter, rotary encoder, and NB7W-TW01B human–machine interface (HMI) to form a closed-loop control structure. Experimental validation was performed under both spontaneous and constant load conditions. The PIDAT method consistently demonstrated superior performance compared to classical Ziegler–Nichols tuning, achieving steady-state errors in no-load tests below 1.70 % and under 0.8% in loaded conditions. Furthermore, the system achieved settling times below 9 s and recovered from load disturbances in less than 4 s. These results validate the proposed PIDAT system as an accurate, fast, and adaptive control solution, reducing the need for manual tuning and enhancing robustness in dynamic industrial environments.