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MODERATE ISLAM AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE POST 9/11 AMERICA AS IMPLIED IN IMAM FEISAL ABDUL RAUF’S MOVING Rifka Pratama
Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

American Muslim is one of some existing religious minorities in America. Despite of minority, this religious group has been long, some believed it has been even since the Columbus exploration, living in the country. As time goes, the American Muslims are able to blend with American Society. These Muslim individuals are found in many fields of life of American, such as social, economic, education, and even politics in America. This condition is anyway worth appreciating as the struggle of American Muslims for their existence is not something simple and easy. Apart from the reality, the deadly attacks of 9/11, to some extent, has put American Muslims to be objects of suspicions. Soon after the tragedy, Muslims in many occasions are prejudiced as harsh, and of course, terrorists. These suspicions and prejudice have been, in fact, long found in the middle of American society pre-9/11 attacks. However, the tragedy aggravates the status quo of the American Muslims and it soon creates the worst point of so-called Islamophobia. In response to this phenomenon, many American Muslims start to deliver counters in various ways and media. Among the American Muslim figures, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, an American Muslim activist and leader, actively brushes off the bad images of Islam, especially regarding the 9/11 tragedy. Through his book entitled “Moving the Mountain: beyond Ground Zero to a New Vision of Islam in America”, Rauf explains his views on Islam. This book also implies counters to the so-called phenomena of Islamophobia. On the other hand, Moderate Islam contains the same spirits with Rauf’s Moving the Mountain. It offers the spirit of moderation in understanding and practicing Islam. Both the ideas in turn are able to counter Islamophobia in America, especially in post 9/11 America.Keyword: American Muslims, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf, Moving the Mountain,Islamophobia, Moderate Islam

Aspek Kebudayaan Material dan Non Material pada Gerai Kopi Starbucks Rifka Pratama
Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi Vol 3, No 1: Desember 2019
Publisher : Prodi Antropologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Diponegoro

Whether it is on a limited or a mass scale, coffee has long been an industrial commodity. In the social context, it can be even a social glue of interaction between individuals or communities. The claims have, indeed, implied the value of the beans. Certain elements take part in the making of the so-called coffee popularity. From a cultural perspective, the existence of material and non-material aspects of culture can be the keys. This study aims to identify and to inventory the aspects of material and non-material culture of one of world-famous coffeehouses, Starbucks. The data were obtained through library study. The main data as well as the objects of the study are information contained on the official Starbucks’ website. Other supporting data were taken from other relevant sources. Based on the study, the two aspects of culture, material and non-material, can be found in the American coffee company. The classifications of both were also made to fulfill the need of the further study.

Komunikasi Lintas Kebudayaan dan Potensi Masalah-Masalah yang Timbul Rifka Pratama
Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi Vol 4, No 1: Desember 2020
Publisher : Prodi Antropologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/endogami.4.1.127-132

In the midst of the intensive cross-cultural interactions today, there is a potential for misunderstanding within the ongoing communication process. If this continues, it can lead to disharmony. The confluences of two or more cultures have always the potential for misunderstanding with various reasons. This paper describes the potential problems around the cross-cultural communication. These problems are classified into two types, namely those related to the cultural practices and the mental images around and those related to the linguistic aspects.

Imigran dan Warga Keturunan Jepang di Amerika Serikat: Sentimen-Sentimen Terhadapnya Dulu dan Kini Rifka Pratama
KIRYOKU Vol 5, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Kiryoku
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kiryoku.v5i1.63-73

Abstrak Sejarah mencatat sentimen rasial yang tertuang dalam produk undang-undang Amerika Serikat seperti Chinese Exclusion Act 1882, pada masanya turut menyasar para imigran dan warga keturunan Jepang. Beragam tindakan kekerasan verbal maupun fisik dan diskriminasi dialami imigran Asia, dalam konteks ini Cina dan Jepang, ketika itu. Lebih lanjut, merebaknya Covid-19 dalam kurun dua tahun ini kembali memunculkan masalah sosial serupa bagi komunitas imigran dan warga keturunan Asia, termasuk Jepang. Isu berhembus memojokan para pendatang dan warga keturunan Asia sebagai tertuduh pembawa virus Covid-19. Dengan demikian, aksi-aksi rasis, diskriminatif, dan xenophobic terrekam pada dua konteks waktu yang berbeda. Dengan mengumpulkan data-data melalui metode studi pustaka dan kemudian mengolahnya, diketahui terdapat perbedaan dan kesamaan fenomena di tengah sentimen-sentimen yang menarget imigran maupun warga keturunan Jepang di Amerika. Perbedaan yang dimaksud merujuk pada aspek pemicu. Pada masa-masa awal kedatangannya, sentimen terhadap imigran Jepang di Amerika Serikat dipicu oleh masalah kesempatan kerja dan kecurigaan bernuansa politik. Sementara itu, pada kurun waktu pandemi Covid-19 sentimen anti-Asian dipicu oleh isu penyebaran virus Covid-19. Di sisi lain, terdapat kesamaan dalam munculnya sentimen-setimen anti-Asian dulu dan kini yaitu tersebarnya informasi palsu dan provokatif, merebaknya prasangka dan diskriminasi rasial, adanya peran tokoh publik dalam menyebarkan kebencian, dan adanya kebijakan hukum yang diambil oleh otoritas untuk merespon isu terkait. Kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Imigran, Xenophobia, Covid-19 AbstractChinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was one of the US Federal Laws restricting immigration, was meant to target Chinese immigrants at that time. Being among the Asian communities in the US, the Japanese immigrants were unsurprisingly affected. Racial discrimination and hatred began to arise as the implementation of the law was going on. Various acts of verbal and physical violence suffered by the Asian (Chinese and Japanese) immigrants at that time. Further, the outbreak of Covid-19 in the past two years has raised similar social problems for the immigrant communities and people of Asian descent including Japanese. The issue of cornering the immigrants and the residents of this descent as being accused of carrying the Covid-19 virus arises. Various acts of hatred begin to target the immigrants and citizens of Asian descent. Applying the library research method and processing the relevant data, there found differences and similarities amidst the sentiments targeting the immigrants and citizens of Japanese descent in America. The difference refers to the triggering aspect. In the early days of their arrival, the anti-Japanese immigrant sentiment in the United States was more motivated by the problems of job opportunity and political suspicions. Meanwhile, during the Covid-19 pandemic, anti-Asian sentiment was triggered by the issue of the spread of the Covid-19 virus. On the other hand, there are similarities to the emergence of anti-Asian sentiments today including the spread of false and provocative information, the spread of racial prejudice and discrimination, the role of public figures in spreading hatred, and the existence of legal policies taken by authorities to respond to the related issues. Keywords: the United States, Japanese, Immigrants, Xenophobia, Covid-19

Ekspresi Keagamaan Kaum Muslim di Hamtramck dan Beberapa Perspektif Budaya Rifka Pratama
Anuva: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Perpustakaan, dan Informasi Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Maret
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Diponegoro

Dalam definisinya yang luas kebudayaan dapat terhubung dengan berbagai aspek kehidupan dan disiplin ilmu. Termasuk terhubung dengan agama. Hubungan yang dimaksud mungkin saja bersifat tidak langsung dan dapat beragam dalam praktiknya. Terdapat unsur-unsur dalam agama yang dapat mempengaruhi kebudayaan dan juga sebaliknya. Sebagai gambaran awal, definisi klasik kebudayaan oleh E.B Tylor menjadikan kepercayaan sebagai salah satu aspek dari keseluruhan kompleks yang dimaksudkan olehnya. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana agama diekspresikan oleh kaum Muslim yang tinggal di kawasan Hamtramck, Michigan, Amerika Serikat. Selain itu, dibahas pula bagaimana perspektif budaya memandang ekspresi keagamaan yang dimaksud. Nilai-nilai keislaman tidak hanya tercermin pada aspek ibadah ritual. Nyatanya, kaum Muslim juga berinteraksi dengan komunitas lain di Hamtramck yang kemudian menjadikan keyakinan beserta nilai-nilai yang dibawa serta oleh mereka menjadi khas. Pada poin inilah sebagian unsur agama yaitu keyakinan beserta nilai-nilai yang terkadung berinteraksi, mempengaruhi, dan dapat membentuk kebudayaan Muslim di sana. Hal ini diantaranya tercermin dari toleransi yang tercipta di tengah keberagaman, gaya busana kaum Muslim, peran politik kaum Muslim di dewan kota, dan adanya restoran-restoran serta toko-toko halal. Kesemuanya itu mencerminkan ekspresi keagamaan dan sampai batas tertentu juga dapat terhubung dengan kebudayaan.

Menyoal Relasi Asisten Rumah Tangga dan Majikan Rifka Pratama
Anuva: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Perpustakaan, dan Informasi Vol 3, No 3 (2019): September
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Diponegoro

Relasi kuasa sebagai bentuk relasi yang berdasar hirarki tidak jarang menjadi tempat dimana opresi terjadi. Kuasa yang lebih kuat menindas yang lemah dalam beragam tingkatannya. Kepemilikan atas modal sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi oleh yang kuat menjadi penguat rantai penindasan kepada mereka yang tidak memiliki capital yang cukup. Sampai poin ini, diperlukan perspektif lain dalam memandang relasi antara keduanya. Penelitian ini memaparkan relasi antara asisten rumah tangga dan majikan yang dinamis dan dalam kasus yang buruk, terdapat opresi. Penulis menilai diperlukan cara pandang baru dan solusi untuk melihat relasi antar keduanya sehingga opresi dapat terhindarkan. Dalam hal ini perspektif sosial dan budaya digunakan untuk melihat relasi yang dimaksud.

Ethnocentrism and Bias Incidents: Is There a Common Thread? Rifka Pratama
Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies Vol 3, No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (146.188 KB)

This paper discusses the concepts of culture, ethnocentrism, and bias incidents targeting minority groups, in this case Muslims, in the US. The discussion about the concepts of culture is needed to give a comprehensive understanding of culture and other related topics. It helps to understand the basis of ethnocentrism. Further, it elaborates on both the concept of ethnocentrism and bias incidents that occur in America to find whether there is a common thread between the understanding and the phenomena or not. The study found that ethnocentrism could be the cause of bias incidents targeting minority groups in America. The data is obtained by using the library research method. Keywords: Culture; Ethnocentrism; Bias Incidents; America.

Biculturalism and Xenocentrism in TV Series Never Have I Ever Season 1 Selvy Jessica; Rifka Pratama
Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Lingustics Studies (Agustus 2
Publisher : Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Never Have I Ever is an American Television Series, scripted by Mindi Kaling, which relies both American and Indian life. The main character of the series, Devi Vishwakumar, have the desire to live as Americans in where she lives. On the other hand, her family tends to live in both cultures. The phenomena of biculturalism and xenocentrism may leads to some conflicts if they are not responded in a fine way. The aim of this paper is to discuss further about the the indication of bicultural family in the Devi family, and to analyze the indication of xenocentrist behavior in Devi Vishwakumar. Library research method is used by the writer in order to collect the necessary data, sociological approach in literature are used to analyze the data. The result of this study are the biculturalism in Devi's family is found on their clothing, food, and film and the xenocentrist behavior shown by Devi when she decides to eat beef, taunts her cousin who is too Indian, and tells her friend that Ganesh Puja is old and weird Indian festival.Keywords: biculturalism; xenocentrism; indian; american culture

The Manifestation of Real Norms and Ideal Norms among Muslims in Hamtramck Rifka Pratama
Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies Vol 1, No 1 (2017): September 2017
Publisher : Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (331.299 KB)

AbstractThis research aims at explaining life of and religious norms conformed by Muslims in Hamtramck, a predominantly Muslim city in Wayne County of the U.S. state of Michigan. More specifically, through this paper the writer tries to explain and analyze the norms conformed by Muslims in Hamtramck from a socio-cultural perspective. Based on the data the writer sees the existence of two forms of norms conformed by Muslims in their daily life in Hamtramck. Later, these norms are called ideal norms and real norms. In this research, the data is collected by using library study method. The data on the portrait of Muslims’ socio-cultural life in Hamtramck is obtained from newspaper articles and some video coverages. Furthermore, the data is processed and interpreted by using the theory that has been selected by the writer. The research suggests that the socio-cultural interaction of Muslims in Hamtramck is mostly based on the real norms while the ideal norms are conformed mostly in the context of religious rituals.Keywords: Manifestation; Ideal Norms; Real Norms; Muslims; Hamtramck.

Tom Hansen’s Defense Mechanisms in (500) Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb Arumira Yusuf; Rifka Pratama
Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies Vol 5, No 3 (2021): Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Lingustics Studies (November
Publisher : Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

The writer intends to analyze one of the remarkable movies directed by Marc Webb which is titled (500) Days of Summer in this thesis. This thesis is written in a purpose to analyze acts of defense mechanisms portrayed in the main character of the film, Tom Hansen, as well as to analyze several intrinsic elements of the film including characterization and conflict. The writer utilizes psychological and objective approaches in order to analyze Tom Hansen’s existing defense mechanism and the intrinsic elements in the film. Meanwhile, library research is used as the method of research in collecting the data for this thesis. Finally, the result of the data analysis shows that there are several acts of defense mechanisms represented by Tom Hansen character to struggle with his love for Summer Finn such as projection, denial, displacement, reaction formation, and sublimation that differ in how they operate to undergo Tom Hansen’s negative effects.Keywords: (500) Days of Summer; Marc Webb; Tom Hansen; Defense Mechanisms; Movie.

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