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All Journal Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Zulfikar Lubis
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Sensitivity Comparison of Pleural Fluid and Serum Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Values in Exudative Pleural Effusion Patients Indra Barata; Zainuddin Amir; Parluhutan Siagian; Putri C Eyanoer; Zulfikar Lubis
Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia Vol 40, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI)/The Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36497/jri.v40i4.131

Abstract

Background: Delay in diagnosis and non-compliance to tuberculosis (TB) treatment will increase the risk of MDR TB. WHO recommends GeneXpert as a diagnostic tool, however, the availability is still an obstacle and this tool is not owned by many health facilities. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) value was thought to be used to estimate the likelihood of TB cases. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity comparison of pleural fluid and serum NLR values in patients with pleural effusion at H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital. Methods: This was an analytical study with a diagnostic test design, by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of pleural fluid and serum NLR. The sample was calculated by comparing the absolute neutrophil count and the absolute lymphocyte count from both pleural fluid and serum. Results: The sample of this study was 78 patients. In this study, pleural fluid NLR with a cut off value of 2.2 showed a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 28%, whereas serum NLR with a cut off value of 7.0 produced a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 68%. Conclusion: The sensitivity of pleural fluid NLR was greater than that of serum, while the specificity of serum NLR was more superior than that of pleural fluid.
Relationship Between HbA1c Levels and Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Adithya Nurliza Sitepu; Zulfikar Lubis; Muhammad Aron Pase; Nindia Sugih Arto; Ricke Loesnihari; Almaycano Ginting
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i1.577

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Its incidence is comparable to that of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with macrovascular complications remaining the main cause of death among diabetic patients. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is an independent marker and predictor of CVD. AIP indicates risk even when other atherogenic risk factors are normal, categorized as low risk (AIP < 0.11), intermediate risk (AIP 0.11–0.21), and high risk (AIP > 0.21). This study aims to explore the relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and AIP in patients with diabetic nephropathy to identify the risk of CVD complications. It used a prospective analytical design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, from February to May 2025. Forty-three outpatients with diabetic nephropathy who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Patients were assessed for HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios. AIP was calculated by taking the logarithm of (triglycerides/HDL). Data analysis involved Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. A significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c and AIP (r = 0.670, p = 0.000), as well as between HbA1c and triglycerides (r = 0.398, p = 0.008). A significant negative correlation was observed between HbA1c and HDL (r = -0.648, p = 0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between HbA1c and ACR, nor between ACR and AIP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, higher HbA1c levels are associated with increased AIP levels, which elevate the risk of CVD, characterized by rising triglycerides and decreasing HDL.
Co-Authors Adithya Nurliza Sitepu Almaycano Ginting Indra Barata Muhammad Aron Pase Nindia Sugih Arto Parluhutan Siagian Putri C Eyanoer Ricke Loesnihari Zainuddin Amir