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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik JIPAGS (Journal of Indonesian Public Administration and Governance Studies) Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik JISIP: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vox Populi Literatus Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Pemerintahan Open Access DRIVERset
Riaty Raffiudin
Departement Of Political Science, Faculty Of Social And Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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FROM SUBORDINATION TO ACCUMULATION: THE POST-REFORM TRAJECTORY OF POLRI'S ECONOMIC-POLITICAL CAPITAL IN INDONESIA Gabriela Adeline Thurana; Riaty Raffiudin
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 8 (2026): JULY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

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Abstract

The 1998 Reform and the separation of the Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Polri) from the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (Tentara Nasional Indonesia/Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, TNI/ABRI) are widely understood as a milestone in Indonesia's democratic transition in the security sector. However, this article argues that this institutional separation constituted a critical juncture that paradoxically expanded rather than curtailed Polri's economic-political capital accumulation. Drawing on Chambers & Waitoolkiat's (2017) khaki capital framework and historical institutionalism, the article demonstrates that the institutional autonomy Polri gained was not matched by commensurate accountability mechanisms—transforming the institution from one that was structurally constrained under ABRI's military dominance into one that enjoyed far greater capacity to accumulate economic-political capital independently. This transformation operated through three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: institutional separation placing Polri directly under the President; intense TNI-Polri competition over khaki capital domains that evolved into a rent-sharing ecosystem; and regulatory asymmetry that left Polri without effective business prohibitions, while simultaneously leaving both internal and external oversight mechanisms—including the Inspectorate General (Inspektorat Pengawasan Umum, Itwasum) Polri and the National Police Commission (Komisi Kepolisian Nasional, Kompolnas) too weak to constrain informal economic accumulation.
Co-Authors Al Ayubi, Sholahudin Christian Deswinta Bangun Firman Noor Gabriela Adeline Thurana Hasanal Bolqiah, Luthfi Kadek Dwita Apriani Muhammad Asdin Asri Perangin-Angin, M. Ichsan Bayunta Sarah Nuraini Siregar Silkania Swarizona Suhardi