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Perubahan Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Panel Zephyr Bambu setelah Uji Pelapukan Cuaca The Change of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Zephyr Bamboo Panel after Exposed to Out-door Weathering Mohamad Gopar; Yanni Sudiyani
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of zephyr bamboo panel after exposed to outdoor weathering for 12 months. The zephyr bamboo panel is bamboo board which was made from crushed bamboo in bamboo-crushing machine to produce zephyr, the panel was made for exterior type, and the thickness was 18 mm. The adhesive used was phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) with resin content of 17% to dry weight bamboo. Isocyanate was applied to face layer of some panels. The result shows that the properties of zephyr bamboo panel produced by PF resin and layered with Isocyanate was better than panel of UF only. After 12 months exposure, the properties include the weight, density, thickness swelling and modulus of rupture (MOR) were reduced. Zephyr panel produced by UF shows the highest reduced properties, while zephyr panel produced by PF still maintained the properties which were met the JIS A 5908 for particleboards

Pemanfaatan Kulit Kayu Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd) untuk Papan Partikel dengan Kadar Fenol Formaldehida Rendah Utilization of Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd) Bark for Particleboard with Low Phenol Formaldehyde Content Subyakto Subyakto; Lisman Suryanegara; Mohamad Gopar; Kurnia Wiji Prasetyo
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 2 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Industrial forest plantation is a future for supplying raw material of wood industries. From the wood harvesting, bark wastes are abundantly resulted. As an illustration, a pulp factory in Palembang produces about 500 ton per day of bark waste of Acacia mangium Willd. At present the utilization of bark wastes was not optimally done. The purpose of this experiment was to utilize bark waste for particleboard, it is expected that high tannin content in the bark will reduce amount of adhesive applied.Fresh bark was cut into chips and processed further with a ring flaker machine to produce bark particles. Bark particles were mixed with Phenol Formaldehyde adhesive and water then hot pressed at temperature of 150ºC, pressure of 20 kgf/cm2, for 15 minutes. Amount of adhesive was varied at 4%, 6% and 8% based on dry weight of particles. Water was added for 10% of dry weight of particles. The size of board was 25 cm x 25 cm x 1 cm, with target densities of 0.7 and 0.9 g/cm3, with 2 replications. Boards were tested for their physical and mechanical properties in accordance with JIS A 5908.Results shown that board with density of 0.9 g/cm3 and amount of adhesive of 6% and 8% have internal bond and MOR (modulus of rupture) that met JIS A5908 type 8; while values of MOE (modulus of elasticity) and thickness swelling were not met the standard

UPAYA MENGURANGI KOTORAN DAN KANDUNGAN ZAT EKSTRAKTIF SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENCUCIAN Reduction of Dirts and Extractives Contents of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber by Water Treatment. Euis Hermiati; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Lisman Suryanegara; Mohamad Gopar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 1, No 1 (2003): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to get an optimum washing process of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OP EFB) fiber to reduce dirts and extractives contents in the fiber. Treatments used were boiling (0.5; 1; 2 and 3 hours); soaking and shaking in cold water (1; 4; 8; 12; 24 and 48 hours); 10 minutes agitation in cold water using a washing machine; and 10 minutes agitation in cold water using a washing machine followed by boiling for 0.5 hours. The clean fiber yield as well as water, ash, hot and cold water soluble extractives and fat contents were determined. Results of this study showed that soaking and shaking of OP EFB fiber in cold water were quite effective for removing dirts on the fiber, but were not for removing hot and cold water extractives and fats. Strong agitation could increase the removal of dirts and extractives from the OP EFB fiber. However, boiling and combination of agitation and boiling removed dirts and extractives more effectively than did the two former processes

Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong dari Industri Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit untuk Papan Partikel dengan Perekat Penol Formaldehida Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Waste from Oil Palm Industry for Particleboard Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive Bambang Subiyanto; Subyakto Subyakto; Sudijono Sudijono; Mohamad Gopar; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is waste from oil palm industry that has potential to be used as particleboard material. Production of particleboard might be useful to decrease the waste from oil palm industry. The problem in using waste from oil palm is the high extractive content that can decrease adhesive properties in panel production using thermoplastic adhesive, cement or thermosetting adhesive. The problem can be solved by special treatment to oil palm waste to decrease the extractives content. The objective of this research is to observe the influence of some treatments of EFB, density and adhesive content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using phenol formaldehyde adhesive. Adhesive content used were 8%, 10% and 12% from oven dry weight of particles, while density was varied at 0.6 g/cm3, 0.7 g/cm3, and 0.8 g/cm3. Pre-treatment for EFB particles were cold water soaking for 24 hours, hot water boiling for 2 hours, Ca(OH)2 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours and NaOH 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours.The results showed that cold water soaking treatment for 24 hours and hot water boiling for 2 hours was the optimum treatment. The optimum content of adhesive was 10% with minimum density of 0.7 g/cm3. Thickness swelling for all type of EFB particleboards were not met the JIS A-5908, while internal bond, screw withdrawal and modulus of rupture (MOR) were met the type 8 of JIS A-5908 (1994).

Tinjauan Penelitian Terkini tentang Pemanfaatan Komposit Serat Alam untuk Komponen Otomotif Review on Current Research on Utilization of Natural Fiber Composites for Automotive Components Subyakto Subyakto; Mohamad Gopar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Automotive industries now are targeting their components to become “green composites” which are environmentally friendly, renewable, biodegradable, recyclable, light, and strong. Natural fibers have potential to use as substitute for material composites traditionally used by automotive industries such as fiber glass, carbon fiber and aramid that are non renewable, non degradable and non recyclable. Therefore the use of synthetic fibers should be reduced. European End of Live program required that in 2015 all new cars should be recyclable. Composites reinforced with natural fibers will play important role as automotive materials. Some advantages of natural fibers compare to synthetic fibers are renewable, biodegradable, recyclable, non toxic to human and environment, low density, better specific mechanical properties, non abrasive to tools, and lower cost. Utilization of natural fibers can reduced car weight up to 30%, and energy to produce natural fibers is lower compare to glass fibers.Natural fiber resource, their characteristics and current research on their utilization for automotive components were reviewed. Hopefully it will stimulate and raise the research on utilization of natural fibers in Indonesia, especially for high value products such as automotive components

Pengaruh Lama Perlakuan Uap pada Serat terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen Serat Sisal Effect of Fiber Steaming Treatment on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber Cement Bonded Board Ismail Budiman; Mohamad Gopar; Subyakto Subyakto; Bambang Subiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The main problem of making Sisal fiber cement bonded board is how to mix fibers and cement to get excellent performance of board due to the presence of extractives. Steam treatment on fibers is expected to reduce extractives in the fibers; therefore it will improve the bonding between fibers and cement. Beside that, utilization of catalysts, such as calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), is expected to increase the physical and mechanical properties of Sisal fiber cement bonded board. Fibers of Sisal was chopped into 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm of length. Steam treatment was conducted in autoclave for 30, 60 and 120 minutes at 1.15 atm of pressure and 121ºC of temperature, and untreated Sisal as control. Chopped fiber was dried in an oven at 60ºC to obtain 5% of moisture content. The content of CaCl2 or MgCl2 was 5% of cement weight.The board was produced at a dried fiber : cement ratio of 1 : 3 and water : cement ratio of 1 : 2 based on board weight. The target density of the boards produced was 1.25 g/cm3. Cement bonded Sisal fiber was formed into 25cm x 25cm x 1cm mat, and then cold pressed for 24 hours. Composites were conditioned at room temperature for 28 days. Physical and mechanical characteristics were tested by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results shown that combination of steam treatment and catalyst added improved the physical and mechanical properties such as thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), screw withdrawal (SW) and internal bond (IB).

Veneer and Thin Plywood Overlaid for Quality Improvement of Particleboard Made of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Bambang Subiyanto; Entang Rasyid; Mohamad Gopar; Anita Firmanti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 6, No 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Many efforts to find alternatives raw materials in the particleboards have been done and one of them is utilizing Empty Fruit Brunches (EFB) from palm oil production. Based on some reports, low performance of particleboards especially mechanical properties was obtained when using EFB as raw materials. Overlaying the particleboards made of EFB with veneer and thin plywood is predicted as one way to improve the quality of such particleboards. The raw material of overlaid particleboards was EFB, veneer of 2 mm Falcata, and 3 mm commercial plywood. Commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) were used as binder. The adhesive content varied from 8%, 10% to 12% based on oven dry of particles. The size of board was 250 X 250 X 10 mm with target density of 0.6 g/cm3.The experiment results showed that particleboards made of EFB with UF resin demonstrated better physical and mechanical properties than particleboards with PF resin. It was also found that direct overlaying veneer and thin plywood on the surface of particleboards would significantly improve the mechanical properties of the boards especially the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.

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