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INTENSITAS PARASIT INSANG (TREMATODA MONOGENEA: Pseudorhabdosynochus sp.) PADA IKAN KERAPU HIBRIDA MELALUI INFEKSI BUATAN Ketut Mahardika; Indah Mastuti; Zafran Zafran
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 13, No 2 (2018): (Juni, 2018)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Infeksi trematoda monogenea: Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. dapat menyebabkan kematian massal pada ikan kerapu. Prevalensi infeksi trematoda ini mencapai 100%, namun intensitasnya hingga menimbulkan gejala klinis dan kematian ikan belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui intensitas parasit insang (Pseudorhabdosynochus sp.) pada ikan kerapu hibrida “cantik” melalui infeksi buatan. Ikan uji direndam dalam air tawar dengan 100 mg/L formalin selama satu jam sebelum digunakan. Infeksi buatan dilakukan melalui (A) kohabitasi antara ikan sehat dengan ikan sakit dan (B) penempelan potongan lamella insang ikan yang terinfeksi parasit ke lamella insang ikan sehat. Pada perlakuan (A) sebanyak lima ekor ikan uji dipelihara bersama dengan dua ekor ikan sakit selama 3-4 hari, sedangkan perlakuan (B) penempelan lamella insang ikan sakit (1 g lamella insang/ikan) dilakukan pada lima ekor ikan uji selama lima menit. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pada Kontrol kepadatan ikan uji sehat sebanyak enam ekor dan lima ekor. Wadah yang digunakan berupa bak plastik volume 100 L. Pengamatan intensitas parasit dan telurnya pada setiap lamella insang bagian kanan dan kiri dari lima ekor ikan uji dilakukan selama tiga minggu dengan interval waktu satu minggu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kohabitasi antara ikan sehat dan ikan sakit menyebabkan intensitas parasit Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. dan telurnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penempelan lamella insang. Pada kontrol, Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. maupun telurnya tidak ditemukan selama tiga minggu pemeliharaan. Hasil ini menunjukkan penyebaran Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. dari ikan sakit ke ikan sehat lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan penempelan dari lamella insang ikan sakit.Monogenetic trematode (Pseudorhabdosynochus sp.) infection often leads to mass mortality in groupers, with prevalency reaching 100%. However, the intensity of this parasite to infect grouper fish has yet to be reported. The purpose of this research was to study the intensity of Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. in hybrid grouper “cantik” through experimental infection. The test fish were soaked with 100 mg/L of formalin in fresh water before used. The experimental infections were performed through: (A) cohabitation between healthy fish with sick fish and (B) infection with attached of gills lamella of sick fish to gill lamella of healthy fish. In treatment (A), a total of five test fish were cohabited with two sick fish for 3-4 days, while in treatment (B), attachment of gills lamella (1 g/fish) was done on five test fish for five minutes. Each treatment was repeated for three times. Six and five test fish were maintened as controls. The containers used were 100 L plastic tanks volume. Observation of intensity of the parasite infection and its egg production in each lamella along the right and left gills of five fish were conducted for three weeks with one week intervals. The result showed that the cohabitation between healthy and sick fish caused an increase in total of Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. and its eggs compared with the attachment of chopped-gills. In the control group, Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. and its eggs were not found for three weeks. These results indicate the spread of Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. from the sick fish to the healthy is fish faster than the attachment of gill lamella from the sick fish.

POLA FLUKTUASI POPULASI BAKTERI DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DAN TELUK PADA SENTRA BUDIDAYA IKAN LAUT DI BALI UTARA Ketut Mahardika; Indah Mastuti; Reagan Septory; Des Roza; Zafran Zafran; Afifah Nasukha
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Maret, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan

Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang secara alami berada dalam ekosistem perairan laut dan beberapa spesiesnya bersifat patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri secara umum dan Vibrio spp. secara khusus di perairan pantai dan teluk sebagai dampak dari aktivitas baik panti pembenihan, tambak udang, maupun karamba jaring apung (KJA) di pesisir Bali Utara. Sampel air diperoleh dari tiga lokasi sentra budidaya laut dan satu lokasi ekowisata yang berada di Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng. Sampel air diambil dari tiga titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 50 m, 100 m, dan 300 m dari garis pantai di Desa Gerokgak dan Desa Penyabangan. Sampling air dilakukan pada tiga titik sampling di sekitar KJA di Teluk Kaping, Desa Sumberkima, dan satu titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 100 m dari garis pantai di Desa Pemuteran. Sampling air dilakukan sekali dalam sebulan dari bulan Februari hingga November 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. di empat lokasi perairan di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali menunjukkan populasi tinggi pada bulan Maret hingga Mei dan menurun pada bulan berikutnya. Dan meningkat kembali pada bulan Oktober hingga November. Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. tertinggi terjadi di perairan pantai Desa Gerokgak hingga 9.067 ± 7.481 CFU/mL dan 1.147 ± 689 CFU/mL dibandingkan dengan dua lokasi sentra budidaya lainnya (Desa Penyabangan dan Teluk Kaping). Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. teramati pula di perairan Desa Pemuteran hingga 500 ± 52 CFU/mL dan 65 ± 7 CFU/mL yang kemungkinan merupakan dampak dari aktivitas budidaya ikan. Pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri di perairan pantai Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali dipengaruhi oleh musim dan kegiatan budidaya perikanan. Tingginya populasi bakteri Vibrio spp. pada perairan pantai dapat memengaruhi kesehatan ikan budidaya.Bacteria are a group of microorganisms naturally present in aquatic ecosystems. Some of the bacteria are pathogenic to other organisms and cause severe diseases. This study aimed to determine the fluctuation patterns of bacterial populations, with specific interest to Vibrio spp. in coastal and bay areas of North Bali which constantly receive effluents from nearby mariculture activities. Water samples were collected from three locations in a clustered marine fish farming area and one location in an ecotourism area as a control. Water samples were taken from three sampling points in the coastal area of Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages at a distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m from the coastline. Water samples were also collected at three sampling points around floating net cages (KJA) in Kaping Bay, Sumberkima Village, and one sampling point in Pemuteran Village located 100 m from the coastline. Water sampling was carried out each month from February to November 2018. Results of the study showed that total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were notably higher between March-May and October-November. The total bacteria and vibrio reached the peak number at 9,067 ± 7,481 CFU/mL and 1,147 ± 689 CFU/mL, respectively, which occurred in the coastal waters of Gerokgak Village. The total bacteria and Vibrio spp. of up to 500 ± 52 CFU/mL and 65 ± 7 CFU/mL, respectively, were also observed in the waters of Pemuteran Village which are likely to be the effects of aquaculture activities in these of three locations. This study concludes that the fluctuation pattern of bacterial population in the coastal waters of Gerokgak District, Bali is primarily influenced by the season and activities of the fish farming. The high population of Vibrio spp. in the coastal waters could lead to a fish disease oubreak related to the pathogenic bacterium.

PERKEMBANGAN JUMLAH EKTOPARASIT Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. PADA INSANG KERAPU HIBRIDA CANTIK (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. polyphekadion) MELALUI METODE KOHABITASI Indah Mastuti; Zafran Zafran; Ketut Mahardika
Media Akuakultur Vol 16, No 1 (2021): (Juni, 2021)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Genus Pseudorhabdosynocus merupakan Monogenea yang sering menginfeksi ikan kerapu. Pengaruh perbedaan jarak antara ikan sakit dengan ikan sehat terhadap perkembangan jumlah Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. pada ikan kerapu hibrida “cantik” dipelajari dalam penelitian ini melalui metode kohabitasi. Kohabitasi dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu (a) menempatkan lima ekor ikan sakit ke dalam keranjang dengan jarak 25 cm dari dasar bak, dan (b) menempatkan lima ekor ikan sakit ke dalam keranjang dengan jarak 10 cm dari dasar bak. Kedua keranjang tersebut diapungkan ke dalam bak plastik berbeda dengan volume 100 L air laut (33 ppt) yang masing-masing telah berisi 30 ekor ikan kerapu hibrida “cantik” sehat. Masing-masing lima ekor ikan dari kedua metode kohabitasi diambil pada hari ke-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 15 pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infeksi buatan menggunakan metode kohabitasi (b) lebih cepat menyebarkan Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. dari ikan sakit ke ikan sehat dibandingkan dengan metode kohabitasi (a). Perkembangan populasi Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. dan telurnya pada metode kohabitasi (b) lebih tinggi yaitu 1.495 ± 206,3 ekor/ikan dan 18,6 ± 3,8 telur/ikan dibandingkan dengan metode kohabitasi (a) yaitu 163,2 ± 16,3 ekor/ikan dan 3,8 ± 0,7 telur/ikan pasca 15 hari kohabitasi. Secara histopatologi, lamela insang yang terinfeksi Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. menunjukkan adanya hyperplasia epitel sel filamen insang yang menimbulkan fusi filamen. Kerusakan filamen di hampir semua lamela insang menyebabkan terganggunya sistem pernapasan ikan kerapu. Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebaran Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. semakin cepat dengan semakin dekat jarak kontak antara ikan sakit dengan ikan sehat.Pseudorhabdosynocus is a genus of Monogenea that frequently infect grouper fish. This study aimed to observe the changes of density patterns of Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. in hybrid grouper gill through cohabitation. Two cohabitation methods were applied to understand the effects of distance between sick and healthy fish in terms of parasite infection. The cohabitation methos were arranged as follows: (a) five fish infected with Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. were placed into a basket at a distance of 25 cm from the bottom of the tank, and (b) five fish infected with Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. were placed into a basket at a distance of 10 cm from the bottom of the tank. The two baskets were floated into different plastic tanks of 100 L of seawater (33 ppt), each of which contained 30 healthy hybrid groupers. Each of the five fish from the two cohabitation methods was sampled on day 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 after cohabitation. The results showed that the spread of Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. from sick fish to healthy fish with the cohabitation method b was faster than the cohabitation method a. The development number of Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. and its eggs in the cohabitation method b were higher, reaching 1,495 ± 206.3 parasite/fish and 18.6 ± 3.8 eggs/fish than the cohabitation method a, 163.2 ± 16.3 parasite/fish and 3.8 ± 0.7 eggs/fish after 15 days of cohabitation. Histopathologically, gill lamella infected with Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. showed the presence of epithelial hyperplasia of gill filament cells causing fusion. Damage of the gill filament in all of gill lamella has caused disruption of the grouper breathing system. From these findings, it can be concluded that the spread of Pseudorhabdosynochus spp. was faster if the distance of direct contact between sick and healthy fish was closer.

INFESTASI PARASIT LINTAH LAUT (Zeylanicobdella arugamensis) DAN PROFIL DARAH IKAN KERAPU HIBRIDA (Epinephelus sp.) DAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer) Ketut Mahardika; Indah Mastuti; Ketut M. Arya Sudewa; Ahmad Muzaki; Slamet Haryanto; Muhammad Ansari; Ahmad Zailani; Zafran Zafran
Media Akuakultur Vol 18, No 1 (2023): Juni, 2023
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/ma.18.1.2023.21-30

Lintah laut (hirudinea: Zeylanicobdella arugamensis) merupakan ektoparasit jenis yang dapat menginfeksi dan menghambat pertumbuhan ikan budidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat infeksi lintah laut serta gambaran darah ikan kerapu hibrida (Epinephelus sp.) dan ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) melalui metode kohabitasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 94 ekor ikan kerapu hibrida (61 ekor ukuran kecil: 14,48±1,14 cm dan 33 ekor ukuran besar: 37,18±18,46 cm ) dan 76 ekor ikan kakap putih (46 ekor ukuran kecil: 13,7±1,04 cm dan 30 ekor ukuran besar: 31,87±5,78 cm). Uji kohabitasi dilakukan dengan menempatkan Z. arugamensis ukuran 1-2,5 cm (206-392 individu/perlakuan) ke dalam bak fiber volume 100 L yang telah diisi ikan kakap putih, kerapu hibrida cantik dan kombinasi kedua ikan tersebut. Perlakuan kontrol menggunakan ikan kakap putih dan kerapu hibrida cantik tanpa penambahan Z. arugamensis. Intensitas Z. arugamensis per ikan dihitung setelah 2 minggu kohabitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas dan prevalensi lintah laut pada ikan kerapu cantik (intensitas: 18-59 lintah/ikan ukuran kecil dan 50-313 lintah/ikan ukuran besar, dengan prevalensi 90-100%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikan kakap putih (intensitas: 1-8 lintah/ikan ukuran kecil dan 3-12 lintah/ikan ukuran besar, dengan prevalensi 41-100%). Profil darah ikan kerapu hibrida yang terinfeksi Z. arugamensis menunjukkan jumlah sel darah putih, ukuran rata-rata sel darah merah (MCV) dan jumlah rata-rata hemoglobin di dalam sel darah merah (MCH) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jumlah sel yang sama pada ikan kerapu hibrida yang tidak terinfeksi Z. arugamensis. Namun profil darah ikan kakap putih hasil kohabitasi dengan Z. arugamensis dengan kakap putih dari kelompok kontrol hampir sama. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan ikan kerapu hibrida lebih rentan terhadap infeksi Z. arugamensis dibandingkan dengan ikan kakap putih.Sea leech (Hirudinea: Zeylanicobdella arugamensis) is a type of ectoparasites that can infect and inhibit the growth of cultivated fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the infection rate of marine leeches and the blood profile of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus sp.) and barramundi (Lates calcarifer) through the cohabitation method. This study used 94 hybrid groupers (61 small size with TL: 14.48±1.14 cm and 33 large size with TL: 37.18±18.46 cm) and 76 barramundi (46 small size with TL: 13 .7±1.04 cm and 30 large size with TL: 31.87±5.78 cm). The cohabitation test was carried out by placing Z. arugamensis with total length of 1-2.5 cm (206-392 individuals/treatment) into a 100 L volume fiber tank filled with barramundi, hybrid grouper and a combination of the two fish. The control treatment used barramundi and hybrid grouper without the addition of Z. arugamensis. The intensity and prevalence of Z. arugamensis per fish was calculated after 2 weeks of cohabitation. The results showed that the intensity and prevalence of marine leeches in hybrid grouper (intensity: 18-59 leeches/small size fish and 50-313 leeches/large size fish, with a prevalence of 90-100%) were higher than the barramundi (intensity : 1-8 leeches/small size fish and 3-12 leeches/large size fish, with a prevalence of 41-100%). The blood profile of hybrid grouper infected with Z. arugamensis showed that the number of white blood cells (WBC), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were higher than the same number of cells in hybrid grouper that was not infected with Z. arugamensis. However, the blood profile of barramundi from cohabitation with Z. arugamensis and barramundi from the control group were almost the same. These results indicated that hybrid grouper was more susceptible to Z. arugamensis infection compared to barramundi.

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