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All Journal Kinerja: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Journal Analytica Islamica International Journal of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Strata Social and Humanities Studies Regionalism Global Journal: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun
Mulawarman University
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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THE EUROPEAN UNION TRADE PROTECTION ON INDONESIAN CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) IMPORT Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun; Taufik Hidayat; Akim .
Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 3 No 1 (2020): Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/paradigmapolistaat.v3i1.2974

Abstract

Perdagangan Internasional kini, diwarnai dengan adanya praktek liberalisasi salah satunya adalah liberalisasi perdagangan dengan mengusung pasar bebas. Selanjutnya, implementasi dari liberalisasi perdagangan terkait dengan penghapusan berbagai macam proteksi perdagangan. Meskipun perdagangan bebas sesuai kesepakatan WTO harus dilaksakan, namun tidak semua negara-negara di dunia benar-benar menerapkan perdagangan bebas. Negara kerap melakukan praktek proteksi perdagangan nontarif sebagai upaya membatasi membanjirnya produk impor masuk ke wilayahnya. Dalam hal ini, Uni Eropa melakukan upaya membatasi produk impor CPO Indonesia dengan menggunakan berbagai macam kebijakan, sertifikasi, sampai kepada kampanye negatif yang kemudian hal ini diidentifikasi sebagai bentuk proteksi perdagangan nontarif. Penulisan artikel ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif pada pendekatan studi kasus. Kemudian, artikel ini pula akan dijelaskan secara komprehensif instrumen yang diidentifikasi sebagai bentuk proteksi perdagangan nontarif dengan menggunakan teori Thomas Oatley. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa, Pada dasarnya sedikit sekali negara di dunia yang benar-benar menerapkan implementasi pasar bebas, negara-negara kerap melakukan praktek proteksi perdagangan yang pada esensinya untuk meraih kepentingan domestiknya dalam hal ini adalah minyak nabati yang diproduksi di kawasan Uni Eropa agar dapat berdaya saing.
Analysis of European Union Non-Tariff Trade Barriers on Crude Palm Oil Imports from Indonesia Bangun, Siti Zainurrahmi Br; Ridho, Muhammad Rasyid
Strata Social and Humanities Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : CV. Strata Persada Academia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59631/sshs.v3i1.360

Abstract

This study examines the impact of the European Union's non-tariff trade barriers on Indonesia's crude palm oil (CPO) exports, focusing on the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) and its successor, RED II. Despite palm oil's global competitiveness due to its cost-efficiency, high yield, and multifunctional applications, the EU has increasingly restricted its imports by citing environmental concerns, particularly related to deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research analyzes the form and rationale behind EU trade policies, drawing on primary and secondary data, including official government reports, stakeholder interviews, and document analysis. The study finds that RED II and its implementing regulations, such as the Delegated Act 2019, function as de facto trade barriers that significantly constrain Indonesia’s CPO export performance. These measures reflect a policy shift prioritizing sustainability and climate goals, often to the detriment of Indonesian trade interests. The findings underscore the need for Indonesia to strengthen its palm oil diplomacy, enhance the transparency of sustainability certifications, align with international standards, and diversify export destinations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of international trade dynamics and offers strategic insights for future trade negotiations.
Paris Agreement Hingga NDC: Pelaksanaan Pembiayaan Iklim FCPF dalam Mendukung REDD+ di Kalimantan Timur Andalia, Carolina Irene; Br Bangun, Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun
KINERJA Vol 22 No 4 (2025): November
Publisher : FEB Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/jkin.v22i4.15515

Abstract

Indonesia, sebagai penandatangan Perjanjian Paris, telah berkomitmen melalui Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) sebesar 29% dengan sumber daya domestik dan hingga 41% dengan dukungan internasional pada tahun 2030. Untuk mencapai target ini, dibutuhkan mobilisasi beragam mekanisme pendanaan iklim yang dapat menerjemahkan komitmen internasional ke dalam tindakan lokal yang terukur. Di antaranya, Fasilitas Kemitraan Karbon Hutan (FCPF) telah muncul sebagai instrumen kunci dalam mendukung implementasi inisiatif Pengurangan Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD+), khususnya di Kalimantan Timur, salah satu provinsi paling penting di Indonesia untuk pengurangan emisi. Makalah ini mengeksplorasi sejauh mana pendanaan iklim FCPF berkontribusi terhadap target NDC Indonesia dengan memperkuat tata kelola REDD+, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan keterlibatan masyarakat di tingkat subnasional. Dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif dokumen kebijakan, laporan, dan kerangka kerja internasional, studi ini mengkaji bagaimana FCPF telah berkontribusi pada pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan, meningkatkan sistem pemantauan dan verifikasi, dan mendorong kolaborasi multi-pemangku kepentingan
PERAN GERAKAN SOSIAL ENDSARS DALAM PEMBUBARAN SARS DI NIGERIA TAHUN 2017-2020 Dwi Angelian Agustina; Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun
Regionalism Global Journal: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Laboratorium Dinamika Sosial Global Hubungan Internasional FISIP UNMUL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/RGJ.v27i1/3913

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas peran gerakan sosial #EndSARS dalam mendorong pembubaran Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) di Nigeria pada periode 2017–2020. Gerakan ini muncul sebagai respons terhadap maraknya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia oleh aparat kepolisian terhadap warga sipil, khususnya kaum muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana aktivisme digital dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana mobilisasi, advokasi, dan tekanan politik terhadap negara untuk mendorong reformasi institusional. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, menggunakan sumber sekunder seperti laporan organisasi HAM internasional, artikel jurnal, dan media daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivisme digital berperan penting dalam membangun kesadaran publik, mengorganisasi aksi, serta menciptakan solidaritas lintas kelas dan negara. Melalui media sosial, tagar #EndSARS berhasil mengangkat isu lokal menjadi agenda global dan menekan pemerintah Nigeria untuk membubarkan SARS pada Oktober 2020.
A REVIEW ON ISLAMOPHOBIA AND ITS PRACTICES IN INDONESIA AS MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRY Muhammad Rasyid Ridho; Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun
Journal Analytica Islamica Vol 14, No 2 (2025): ANALYTICA ISLAMICA
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/jai.v14i2.23897

Abstract

This research paper explores the phenomenon of Islamophobia, particularly its manifestations and implications in Indonesia. The study critiques the predominant Western-centric scholarship on Islamophobia, highlighting its existence has also developed in Muslim-majority countries. It delves into the historical and contemporary perspectives on Islamophobia in global settings, especially from Muslim-majority countries to within Indonesia, especially the socio-political dynamics from the Old Order through the New Order to the post-Reformation era. Drawing on qualitative analysis, the paper discusses various incidents and policies that reflect Islamophobic tendencies, such as governmental restrictions on Islamic expressions by banning civil society oganizations such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) and Islamic Defender Front (FPI), the reemeergence of niqab and short trousers (celana cingkrang) prohibition in state agencies, and dai certification. There is a few case on societal prejudices against Muslims in horizontal level. There is need for dialogue and understanding among Muslim communities and advocates for the role of religious authorities in countering misinformation and fostering a narrative of tolerance and inclusivity due to Islamophobia potential impact on society cohesiveness. Ultimately, it calls for a collective effort to address Islamophobia in Indonesia while promoting the values of Wasathiyyah Islam as a guiding principle for harmonious coexistence.
Indonesia’s Digital Diplomacy in Enchancing E-commerce Connectivity in ASEAN Siti Zainurrahmi Br Bangun; Carolina Irene Andalia
International Journal Of Education, Social Studies, And Management (IJESSM) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): The International Journal of Education, Social Studies, and Management (IJESSM)
Publisher : LPPPIPublishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52121/ijessm.v6i1.982

Abstract

This study analyzes the crucial role of Digital Diplomacy implemented by Indonesia in the specific context of optimizing and enhancing connectivity in the e-commerce sector in the ASEAN region. In facing an increasingly digitalized industrial era, Digital Diplomacy not only serves as a new communication tool for state and non-state actors but also opens up significant economic opportunities for the national digital industry. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and case studies, this study in-depth explores how Indonesia's foreign policy utilizes digital technology and the internet to achieve economic goals. The research findings demonstrate that the strategic and effective implementation of digital technology is vital in building a positive image of Indonesia in the eyes of the international community. Indonesia is positioned as a country with high trade potential, supported by a large domestic market and rapid digital economic growth, even becoming the largest in ASEAN, with a value estimated to reach $330 billion by 2030. This positive image serves as a magnet to attract foreign investment on e-commerce platforms and effectively promote local products (MSMEs) to regional and global markets. Furthermore, this study highlights that rapid advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have revolutionized international trade. Social media networks formed through ICT have enabled more accessible cross-border e-commerce, despite challenges such as shipping costs and regulations. Indonesia's Digital Diplomacy Policy, which encompasses interactions between state and non-state actors in addressing international issues, seeks to leverage these developments to facilitate regional digital integration.
Co-Authors Akim . Andalia, Carolina Irene Carolina Irene Andalia Dwi Angelian Agustina Moh. Rasyid Ridho Muhammad Rasyid Ridho Taufik Hidayat