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CATCH COMPOSITION AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SHARKS IN WESTERN SUMATERA WATERS OF INDONESIA Dharmadi Dharmadi; Mahiswara Mahiswara; Kamaluddin Kasim
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Vol 22, No 2 (2016): (December, 2016)
Publisher : Research Center for Fisheries

This study was conducted in western Sumatera and since October 2013 to June 2014. The sampling locations in Banda Aceh and Sibolga-North Sumatera which were the largest base of fisheries in western Sumatera region. Shark landing recorded by enumerators was used as sampling data daily . This research aim to describ sex ratio, size composition, catch composition of sharks, and length at first maturity. In Banda Aceh, the sharks as target fish collected by sorting the bycatch from tuna longlines and tuna handlines. In Sibolga, sharks is bycatch from fish net, bottom gillnet and purse seine. Overall, there were 20 species of shark caught in west Indian Ocean and landed at those fish landing sites, dominated by Spot tail shark (23%) and Silky shark (13%), whereas Hammerhead shark contributed about 10% and Oceanic whitetip shark was only less than 1%. Almost of Spot tail shark, Silky shark, and Scalloped hammerhead that caught in that area were immature, while for the almost part of Tiger shark and Pelagic thresher were matured. The sex ratios for Spot tail shark, Silky shark, Tiger shark, Pelagic thresher, and Scalloped hammerhead caught and landed at Lampulo and Sibolga fish landing sites were not balance. The length at first maturity for Spot tail shark was Lm=87,1 cm and Lm = 213,2 cm total length for Tiger shark.

SEBARAN KELOMPOK UMUR DAN RASIO POTENSI PEMIJAHAN BANGGAI CARDINAL (Pterapogon kauderni, Koumans 1933) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL LB-SPR DI KEPULAUAN BANGGAI SULAWESI TENGAH Sri Turni Hartati; Kamaluddin Kasim
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2016): (September) 2016
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Banggai cardinal (Pterapogon kauderni, Koumans 1933) adalah jenis ikan endemik yang saat ini masih diperdagangkan sebagai ikan hias. Informasi biologi seperti ukuran dan estimasi kelompok umur dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui status pemanfaatan di habitat aslinya, yang diperlukan dalam upaya pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status pemanfaatan stok Banggai cardinal melalui estimasi kelompok umur ikan dan menggunakan informasi tersebut sebagai indikator biologi (Biological Reference Point) Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) melalui pendekatan Length-Based SPR model. Pengukuran panjang ikan dilakukan terhadap 7.014 ekor ikan sampel selama tahun 2010 hingga 2011, dan pengamatan aspek biologi seperti jenis kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, serta fekunditas dilakukan terhadap 394 ekor ikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang tertangkap berumur 10-11 bulan, dengan ukuran panjang 32,7 – 35,2 mm FL, lebih kecil dari ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 36,1 – 44,4 mm FL. Rata-rata Nilai SPRsebesar 44,6% masih di atas ambang batas lebih tangkap (overfishing threshold) 30%. Nilai SPR secara signifikan menurun dari 46,8% pada 2010 menjadi 40,4% pada 2011. Sebanyak 50% ikan betina matang gonad (Lm) pada ukuran 37 mm FL dan 50% tertangkap (Selectivity/SL50) pada ukuran 32 mm FL (SL50< L50). Laju penangkapan relatif terhadap mortalitas alami (F/M) sebesar 0,57 mengindikasikan bahwa upaya penangkapan (relative fishing effort) telah mencapai 57% terhadap laju kematian alaminya. Banggai cardinal (Pterapogon kaudernii) fish is an endemic species which is traded as an ornamental fish. Population parameters such as length distribution and ages of P. kaudernii are required to estimate status of the species as a part of management purposes. This study aimed to determine the stock status of Banggai cardinal through estimation of the age groups and use that information as biological reference point to estimate the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) through Length-Based SPR model. Length of fish samples were measured of 7,014 fish samples during the year 2010 to the year 2011 while gonadal maturity, fecundity and sex differentiation were obtained from 394 individuals fish samples. The results show that fisherman caught mostly young individual fish, aged 10-11 months with relative length 32.7 - 35.2 mm FL and at below the size of length at first maturity (Lm) of 36.1 - 44.4 mm FL. Estimation of SPR shows that stock has been in healthy status which indicated by average SPR of 44.6% which still above the overfishing threshold by 30%. However, the values of SPR were declined significantly from 46.8% in 2010 to be 40.4% in 2011. As many as 50% of mature female fish found on the size of 37 mm FL and 50% caught (Selectivity/SL50) on the size of 32 mm FL (SL50 <L50). The rate of relative fishing mortality (F) to natural mortality (F / M) of 0.57 indicates relative fishing effort has reached 57% of the rate of natural mortality.

PENGARUH FLUKTUASI TINGGI MUKA AIR TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN DI SUNGAI DAN RAWA MAHAKAM HULU KALIMANTAN TIMUR Kamaluddin Kasim; Eko Prianto; Chairulwan Umar
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 21, No 4 (2015): (Desember 2015)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa fluktuasi tinggi muka air (TMA) dapat mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan ikan di perairan sungai dan rawa namun tidak terhadap semua jenis ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hasil tangkapan jenis ikan sungai dan rawa sungai Mahakam yang mendapat pengaruh fluktuasi TMA dan jenis ikan yang tidak mendapatkan pengaruh langsung oleh fluktuasi TMA. Data mengenai hasil tangkapan ikan yang berasal dari alat tangkap pancing dan jaring diperoleh melalui enumerator di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan (TPI) Selili Kota Samarinda pada periode 2007-2012, sedangkan nilai rata-rata Tinggi Muka Air (TMA) DAS Mahakam secara bulanan diperlukan sebagai salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan beberapa jenis ikan sungai dan rawa. Data dianalisis dengan metode regresi linear sederhana dan penentuan perbedaan hasil tangkapan pada musim hujan, peralihan dan kemarau dilakukan dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan berkorelasi kuat (r=0,7) terhadap Tinggi Muka air (TMA) dengan arah hubungan negatif atau berkebalikan, yakni semakin tinggi nilai TMA maka hasil tangkapan semakin rendah. Jenis ikan sungai dan rawa seperti patin, nila, sepat siam (Trichogaster pectoralis), lais dan betok (Anabas testudineus) merupakan jenis ikan yang hasil tangkapannya dipengaruhi secara signifikan (P<0,05) oleh fluktuasi Tinggi Muka Air (TMA), sedangkan jenis ikan lainnya seperti gabus (Channa striata), keli lele (Clarias batracus), dan kendia/tambakan (Helostoma temminckii) tidak dipengaruhi secara nyata (P>0,05) oleh fluktuasi TMA. Some studies have showed that water level fluctuation may have a significant correlation to the catch of several commercial fish target in inland fishery and does not influence directly the cath of some commercial fish. This study aimed to determine which species are directly influenced and such species not inluenced by water level fluctuation for its catches. Catch data obtained from hand line and gill net are recorded by enumerators at Fish Landing Sites of Selili, Samarinda during the period of 2007-2012, while the data of surface water level of Mahakam River were obtained monthly, required as one of the factors assumed to influence the number of catch of several types of fish. Correlation between fluctuation of water surface level and catch data were analysed by simple linear regression method while determination of the difference catch average in rainy, transition, and dry season is done by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that the number of fish catches are strongly correlated (r = 0.7) to the water level fluctuation in inverse direction (negative correlation, it) means the higher the value of surface water level, the lower the value of catches. Catfish, Tilapia, Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis), Glass Catfish and Climbing Gouramy (Anabas testudineus) were affected significantly (P <0.05) by water surface fluctuations of Mahakam River, while the other fish species such as snakehead (Channa striata), Keli catfish (Clarias batracus), and Kendia/Tambakan (Helostoma temminckii) were not influenced significantly (P> 0.05).

PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN DI KOMPLEK DANAU MALILI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN Eko Prianto; Endi S. Kartamihardja; Chairulwan Umar; Kamaluddin Kasim
Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2016): (Mei 2016)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Sistem Danau Malili yang terdiri dari Danau Matano, Towuti, Mahalona, Wawantoa, dan Masapi merupakan satu kesatuan sistem danau yang mempunyai keanekaragaman ikan yang cukup tinggi dan endemik. Danau Malili memiliki nilai strategis tersendiri karena keanekaragaman hayati yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain. Keberadaan sumberdaya ikan tersebut semakin terancam akibat aktifitas manusia diantaranya i) pencemaran, ii) introduksi ikan, dan iii) budidaya ikan dalam happa yang tidak terkontrol. Untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan di komplek Danau Malili diperlukan upaya pengelolaan yang lestari. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk merumuskan langkah pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan di komplek Danau Malili secara berkelanjutan. Hasil studi menunjukkan sebanyak 59 jenis ikan ditemukan di komplek Danau Malili, 38 jenis ikan diantaranya adalah jenis endemik dan 18 jenis ikan dikategorikan sebagai jenis ikan langka berdasarkan IUCN 2001. Disamping itu, di komplek Danau Malili telah diintrodusikan tidak kurang dari 16 spesies ikan. Upaya untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan asli tersebut antara lain: i) pengendalian populasi ikan asing invasif, ii) penetapan suaka perikanan, iii) domestikasi, iv) re-stocking, v) pengendalian usaha budidaya ikan dalam happa.The Malili lake system consists of five interconnected lakes: Matano, Towuti, Mahalona, Wawantoa and Masapi. It’s unique habitat plays an important role of various native and endemic fishes. Currently, endemic fish in Malili lake system are increasingly threatened by human activitiesincluding i) contamination, ii) invasif fish species or fish introduction, and iii) uncontrolling cage culture. The aim of this paper is to formulate fisheries management effort in Malili Lake system to realize sustainability. Previous studies recorded as many as 59 species were found, consists of 38 endemic, 18 species categorized as endangered and 16 known as introduced species. Management effort should be addressed to preserve sustainable fish resources include: i) controlling invasive alien species, ii) establishing reserve area, iii) domestication, iv) re-stocking, v) controlling of cage culture.

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