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K. Hokao
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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INVESTIGATING THE LOW-INCOME SETTLEMENT IN AN URBANIZATION AND URBAN FORM A CONSEQUENCES OF BANGKOK GROWING CITY, THAILAND U. Shummadtayar; K. Hokao; P. Iamtrakul
Lowland Technology International Vol 15 No 1, June (2013)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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A rapid urbanization has resulted in more rush transformation of a settlement of low-income migration growth into an urban area. The growt squatter settlement role was influenced through an urban form conflict. Many of these points have been debated over the issue of sustainable urban development plan that has led the way into the urban building density appearance and the phenomenon of its urban area growth effects. The ultimate results depend on an increase in carbon emissions changed over time and its effect on climate change. The real challenged problems are being solved in the developing country, such as Thailand's capital Bangkok. Moreover, an unplanned and low-efficient development projects cause extensive devastating consequences to both urban environment and human beings. Particularly for the low-income people who live in a lowland area are more heavily buderned by environmental risks and unsafe area. Thus, it is imperative for this paper to discover a key issue of low-income migration and settlement on the basis of the measurements which includes: (a) the situation of urbanization driving process forces the low-income settlement growth, and (b) investigate the causes and effects on urbanization in terms of the urban environmental conditions and locations system (e.g. sensitivity analysis, risk approaches) using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA) for calculating the simplify situations of the alternative factors and using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for weighting the measure of individual participant data. By this approach, it is becoming more feasible to be configured, with the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) operators. This tool presents the usefulness of the relative important weights for relevant approaches of low-income settlement in consequences of growing cities based on geographic information system (GIS).
A QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF SUBURB LAND USE AND CONSTRUCTION INTENSITY BASED ON AFAR: A CASE OF THE LAND DEVELOPMENT AROUND ZIJINGANG CAMPUS, ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY J. R. Shi; X. M. Zhao; F. Zheng; K. Hokao; J. Ge
Lowland Technology International Vol 15 No 2, Dec (2013)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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China is facing an increasing urbanization in the edge area surrounding main metropolises. This paper targets at analyzing the construction mechanism of land use planning near suburban college towns. Theories and methods such as typical case analysis, mathematical model, and space capacity analysis were used to quantify the mechanism. A typical suburban block, Zijingang Campus Town of Zhejiang University was taken as the case. Since the key index (floor are ratio) indicates the construction intension of a patch of land, it is necessary to examine its appropiate range. The analysis result shows that there are differences in architectural prosperity and urban function by means of several designs. According to the guidelines of urban master planning and urban detailed plan, the Appropiate Floor Area Ratio (AFAR) calculated and deduced based on Economic Floor Area Ratio (EFAR) and Max/Min Floor Area Ratio (MFAR) can be useful in ratifying land development intensity, predicting future tend and evaluating city planning projects.
The relationship between tourist’s path selection and space image: A case study of peripheral lines surrounding the West Lake X. M. Zhao; J. R. Shi; Y. Y. Duan; Y. X. Lei; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 17 No 1, June (2015)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Relationship between space image and tourists’ path selection patterns plays a very important role in landscape planning and design in scenic areas. Based on research of West Lake scenic area in Hang Zhou, this article studies the small scale space scenic images and big scale spatial structure images through questionnaire surveys, image recognition, image sketch, factor analysis, dynamic observation and other methods. The results indicate that there are four main types of space activities among the West Lake tourists, namely (1) the general activity type in the Bai Causeway and Su Causeway, (2) the general activity type in the Sunset Glow at Leifeng Pagoda, (3) the surrounding activity type in the Evening Bell at Nanping Hill, and (4) the surrounding activity type in the Music Fountain Square; and the proportion score has it in order from high to low. The score results of tourists' identifying picture and frequency of the five elements of space image in image maps are consistent with four main types of space activities observed by dynamic lines. Therefore, tourists' perception results of space image can directly affect the route choice behavior. And the more image elements can be perceived, the more reasonable path choices can be made. Finally, the research puts forward some suggestions tentatively on the planning and design of the West Lake area.
Impacts of ideological trends of renaissance architecture on royal garden design of Qing Dynasty, China: a Lowland and Wetland case of the Old Summer Palace (Yuan Ming Yuan) X. M. Zhao; Y. Lu; J. R. Shi; H. Liu; Y. Chen; Z. Wang; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 19 No 1, June (2017)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Planning and design methodology of residential areas in ancient time is a comprehensive transition of technology and aesthetics, where imperial palatial projects play an exemplary role. Through the process of the Age of Discovery, European culture infiltrated into China's architectures, especially the royal gardens and palaces in Qing Dynasty. Ideological trends of Renaissance architecture present a diverse phenomenon into Chinese palace design of Yuan Ming Yuan. The Old Summer Palace buildings were analyzed in terms of their components such as column, dome, sculpture and decoration, door and wall, the proportion of elements, etc. The results prove that the cultural phenomenon is a convergence of and technology and aesthetics between European and Chinese.
UNCONSTRAINED CITY DEVELOPMENT USING THE EXTENSION OF STOCHASTIC EDEN SIMULATION K. Teknomo; G. P. Gerilla; K. Hokao; L. Benguigui
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 1, June (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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In the quest for a special tool for lowland urban growth model, we have developed a model of a city based on the analogy of biological cell growth using the extension of the stochastic growth Eden simulation. In this paper, we described the theoretical observable fact on how a city grows if the land is flat and there is no natural barrier for the development. Similar researches on cellular urban growth are reviewed and we showed how they are different from our model. Urban growth model development using the extension of the Eden model as analogues to biological cell growth is explained. The model is applied to simulate a hypothetical unconstrained city development. The simulation results shows that for a mono-centric city without any development constraint, the expansion rate of the city area is equivalent to the ratio of the perimeter per area of the city. This result may be useful to predict the approximategrowth rate of any city without any prior knowledge of the historical data. Furthermore, it was found that the growth of an unconstrained city is almost circular with a decreasing rate of the mean radius growth.
RUDIMENTARY RESEARCH ON THE UNIVERSAL DESIGN OF URBAN SPATIAL INFORMATION CONSIDERING THE BEHAVIOR OF FOREIGNERS J. Ge; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 1, June (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Some rudimentary researches on the design of urban spatial information from the viewpoint of foreigners were performed through the case study of Saga City, Japan. By means of questionnaire survey, on-site investigation and route-searching experiment, the present condition, especially the problems of the urban spatial information for the behavior of foreigners were analyzed and grasped, and some principles of the design of urban spatial information considering the behavior of foreigners were proposed, which could be regarded as the extension of the concept of universal design. The results of the research can not only provide the basic data for the design and improvement of urban spatial information, but also can help to enlarge the concept of universal design by considering the factor of foreigners in wider fields.
INTERACTION BETWEEN RECREATION ACTIVITY AND PUBLIC PREFERENCE: A CASE STUDY ON PUBLIC PARKS IN SAGA CITY, JAPAN P. Iamtrakul; K. Teknomo; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 2, Dec (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Public parks are one of the representatives of urban environment that play an essential role to daily life of people and provide a variety of benefits and opportunities for community as green spaces. The lack of understanding of associations between pattern of park utilization and users’ preference has made difficulties to highlight the role of public parks in community while reflecting social needs of park users. To reflect actual preference of park users, Saga city in Japan was selected as a case study by employ an unconventional method to capture the real preference from actual target group of public park service. An indirect value of park users’ benefits estimation has been done through the determination of preference value factor, PVF in different users’ socioeconomic and recreation activity characteristics. The uniqueness of this method is to focus on the linkages between the availability of public parks and social preferences. On the basis of findings, the results pointed out that not only different satisfaction on park service induce on the differentiation of PVF value but the different willingness to pay on maintenance and management park service also result to demonstrates an different intuitive appreciation for environmental valuation based on park visitors’ preference.
RESEARCH ON THE FORMATION OF URBAN RESIDENTIAL LIFESTYLES THROUGH CASE STUDIES OF LOWLAND CITY SAGA AND NON－LOWLAND CITY KITAKYUSYU J. Ge; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 2, Dec (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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In this paper, we firstly put forward the conception of residential lifestyles; and suitably questionnaire surveys were conducted in two cities of Japan- lowland city Saga and non-lowland city Kitakyusyu. Through the analysis of the questionnaire data, we got hold of the characteristics of residential preference patterns, residential emphasis on dwelling selection, as well as the evaluation on residential environment satisfaction. Furthermore, the comparison between the two cities helped to make clear the similarity and difference of the residential emphasis between lowland city and non-lowland city. The results of the research will not only be benefit to the understanding of the diversification of residential lifestyles, but also provide more information to the planning and developing of residential environment effectively and efficiently by understanding the residential preference, emphasis and demands of various patterns.
STOCHASTIC CELLULAR MODEL FOR LOWLAND URBAN DEVELOPMENT K. Teknomo; G. P. Gerilla; K. Hokao
Lowland Technology International Vol 8 No 1, June (2006)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

An urban growth model using stochastic cellular simulation was developed with motivation to understand the consequence of zone management policies in lowland cities. The model could integrate the growth, decline, spread, intensification, and protected areas of the urban growth into a single generalization of both the Eden and the p-models. Calibration strategy was demonstrated using historical aerial photographs of Saga city, Japan.
IDENTIFYING PUBLIC PREFERENCES FOR THE VALUE OF DAILY USED OPEN SPACES USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS – A CASE STUDY OF HANGZHOU CITY, CHINA J. R. Shi; X. M. Zhao; J. Ge; K. Hokao; Z. Wang
Lowland Technology International Vol 8 No 2, Dec (2006)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Although much research exists on whether public open spaces are satisfactory with respect to users‘ perception, designers often neglect residents‘ preferences before a project is to be authorized. Especially when they design daily used open spaces that are located near or inside residential areas, the value of spatial environments is not paid enough attention to. This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to a field survey in order to compare the residents‘ perspectives concerning three general attributes (functional, aesthetic and ecological) and ten specific qualities of daily used open spaces. AHP is a methodology that assists respondents to make subtle trade-offs in unquantifiable attributes by means of measuring the relative preference of one attribute over another. Although this methodology is entirely different from other choice-based methods considering the cost-efficiency, the results of AHP offer a systematic method to examine the demands of those unheeded people. The results of the AHP application into data collected from the Chinese residents find that public preferences for daily used open spaces are stronger for the functional attribute, rather than the aesthetic attribute in the ancient Chinese tradition. Furthermore, comparisons of ten specific qualities show that the public prefers the open spaces that can be utilized conveniently and easily for group activities, because such spaces keep an active lifestyle of neighborhood communication, which also is seen to protect human-regarding residential environments.
Co-Authors A. Tanoue C. B. Wang F. Zheng G. P. Gerilla H. F. Li H. Liu J. Ge J. R. Shi J.R. Shi J.W. Lin K. Limapornwanitch K. Teknomo L. Benguigui L. Gao M. Gong M. Srivanit P. Iamtrakul Q. Ye T. Inohae T. Nagaie U. Shummadtayar X. M. Zhao X.M. Zhao Y. Chen Y. Lu Y. X. Lei Y. Y. Duan Y.X. Lei Z. Wang