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S.L. Shen
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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Georisks during road tunneling in weathered quartz sand rock with faults under high-head of groundwater B. Yuan; Y.S. Xu; S.L. Shen; T. Hino
Lowland Technology International Vol 18 No 3, Dec (2016)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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This paper presents an investigation of georisks during mining tunnel construction in weathered quartz sand rock with faults at Fuyang, which is located at the southwest of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Fuyang is a hilly region, where volcanic and intrusive rock masses are irregularly distributed, with the extensive development of fault zones and joint fractures. The Park Road Tunnels in Fuyang City will pass through the mountain in the city center and will be excavated in the lightly to weakly weathered quartz sand rock. The rocks are mainly crushable and are affected by fault zones and joint fractures. The fault zones and joints have large cavities filled with loose fragments and rich of fissure water. The rocks are classified into three grades based on the design code for road tunnels in China. The strength of the rock gradually decreases under the softening effect of abundant fissure water during construction. It was found that water ingress occurred at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel, the faults, and the contact zone between the hard and soft rock. Landslides had also occurred at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel in this case study.
Laboratory modelling of grouting in poorly-graded sand W.C. Cheng; J.C. Ni; S.L. Shen
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 4, March (2019): Special Issue on: Green Technology for Sustainable Infrastructure Develop
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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This paper presents a newly designed laboratory apparatus for grouting in poorly-graded sand. Sandy soil specimen was prepared by a wet-raining method. Bleeding tests were carried out to select a cement-bentonite mixture with minimal bleeding. Both water injection tests and grout injection tests were conducted to investigate the threshold seepage velocity, the fracture initiation pressure, and factors affecting the fracture initiation pressure using a plot of injection pressure (p) against injection rate (q). Under low q value, the development of p-q curve was not relevant to the overburden pressure applied and the p value was generally in a proportional linear relationship with the q value. It is also noted that for the same q value, the fracturing pressure required was increased with an increase in effective overburden pressure. Vertical oriented fractures were formed and then turned to a horizontal orientation. The subsequent turning of the fractures might be related either to the minimum compressive stress somehow being increased during the test or to the inhomogeneous nature of the sand specimen.
Developing concept on sponge city arrangement for flood hazard mitigation: A case study of Wuhan, China M.Y. Lin; S.L. Shen; W.C. Cheng
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 4, March (2019): Special Issue on: Green Technology for Sustainable Infrastructure Develop
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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As a frequently flooded city, Wuhan is one of the key cities that need to improve the abilities against flooding hazards. The recent rainstorms happened in Wuhan led to floods and threatened people’s lives as well as made huge economic losses so that it is urgent to develop an overall Sponge City System in Wuhan. This paper investigates the reasons that Wuhan frequently suffered from severe flooding hazards, including (1) flat topography, (2) heavy precipitation, (3) reduction of lake area, (4) decreased capacity of drainage system. By consideration of these conditions in Wuhan, specific methods based on Sponge City are recommended. According to overall consideration of waterlogging risk, flooding impacts and Sponge City effects, key regions that need to be given priority to develop Sponge City are proposed. Then, this paper proposes following Sponge City arrangement: (1) recovery of water ecosystem and water quality status in Wuhan is recommended. (2) Based on the existing gardens in urban area, adjustments of bio-retention or rain gardens including increasing the proportion of rain gardens in residential regions and along lakes are proposed. (3) GIS is used to analyze the topography, build rain flood model based on DEM and monitor the waterlogging in order to reduce flooding hazards and improve the ecological environment in Wuhan. By analysis and constructions of Sponge City in Wuhan, the harmful effects of flooding will be reduced and the ecological environment will be improved.
Hazards induced by anthropogenic activities, a lesson learned from recent underground construction works K. Elbaz; S.L. Shen; W.C. Cheng
Lowland Technology International Vol 20 No 4, March (2019): Special Issue on: Green Technology for Sustainable Infrastructure Develop
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Due to the expansion of underground constructions in urban areas, numerous hazards caused by anthropogenic activities have occurred in recent years. These hazards cause catastrophic failures which could pose a danger to life and property. Therefore, it is important to investigate the required knowledge to prevent these hazards. Five anthropogenic hazards that occurred due to the underground construction works are discussed; in order to identify risks and mitigate their adverse impacts in the future projects. According to the field investigations, it was found that there were many reasons for the underground construction failures caused by anthropogenic activities such as: faults in design and implementations, grouting material, leakage water, erosion, soil deterioration, and inadequate ground improvement. The understanding of these cases provides a wealth of experience and guidance for future excavations works.
Co-Authors B. Yuan J.C. Ni K. Elbaz M.Y. Lin T. Hino W.C. Cheng Y.S. Xu