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Persecutory and Defamation as Barriers to Inheritance (Review of Maqāṣid Shari'ah in a Compilation of Islamic Law) Wardatun Nabilah; Deri Rizal; Arifki Budia Warman
Alhurriyah Vol 6, No 1 (2021): January - June 2021
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v6i1.3274

A Compilation of islamic law “Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, which was ratified through Presidential Instruction (or now decree) No. 1 of 1991, is a modern codification of Islamic individual and family law that becomes the standard of judges' reference in resolving cases in religious courts. One of the critical parts of KHI is inheritance, which is the main focus of this paper. The article on inheritance in KHI is interesting for further review because it has a different legal provision to fiqh or qanun. Through the study of libraries with a philosophical approach, this paper intends to analyze the provisions that become a barrier to inheritance from the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharia. This study shows that the obstacles to obtaining inheritance for reasons of persecution and slander, as mentioned in article 173 KHI, are some barriers to one obtaining inheritance that are not discussed as a barrier to inheritance in the classic fiqh book of severe persecution and slander. Through literature research, it is understood that the decree of persecution and slander is a barrier to inheritance in line with the Maqāṣid al-Sharia, namely to protect the soul (hifz al-nafsi), then guard the property (hifz al-māl) and further maintain self-respect (hifz al-'Ird) Thus. However, severe persecution and slander are not listed in classical Islamic jurisprudence as a barrier to inheritance. With the study of Maqāṣid al-Sharia, these two things are very appropriate to be applied in the rule of inheritance law, especially in Indonesia, so that these two acts cause very much harm to the victim (heir). “Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, yang disahkan melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 1991, merupakan kodifikasi modern hukum perseorangan dan keluarga Islam yang menjadi standar rujukan para hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara di pengadilan agama. Salah satu bagian penting KHI adalah kewarisan, yang menjadi fokus utama dalam tulisan ini. Pasal tentang waris dalam KHI menarik dikaji lebih lanjut karena memiliki ketentuan hukum yang berbeda dengan fiqh atau qanun. Melalui studi pustaka dengan pendekatan filosofis, tulisan ini bermaksud menganalisis ketentuan yang menjadi penghalang warisan dari perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa halangan mendapatkan warisan karena alasan penganiayaan dan fitnah, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam pasal 173 KHI terdapat beberapa penghalang seseorang mendapatkan hak waris yang tidak dibahas sebagai penghalang kewarisan dalam kitab fiqh klasik yaitu penganiayaan berat dan fitnah. Melalui penelitian kepustakaan, dipahami bahwa ketetapan penganiayaan dan memfitnah sebagai penghalang kewarisan sejalan dengan Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah yakni yakni untuk menjaga jiwa (hifẓal-nafsi), kemudian menjaga harta (hifẓal-māl) dan selanjutnya menjaga kehormatan diri (hifẓ al-‘Irḍ) Maka, sekalipun penganiayaan berat dan fitnah tidak tercantum dalam fiqh klasik sebagai penghalang kewarisan, namun dengan kajian Maqāṣid Syarī’ah, kedua hal ini sangat pantas diterapkan dalam aturan hukum waris, khususnya di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dua perbuatan ini menyebabkan sangat banyak mudarat kepada korban (pewaris).

Implikasi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU-ITE) terhadap Kerukunan Kehidupan Beragama di Ruang Digital Wardatun Nabilah; Dewi Putri; Nurul 'Aini Octavia; Deri Rizal; Arifki Budia Warman
Jurnal Dialog Vol 45 No 1 (2022): Dialog
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47655/dialog.v45i1.527

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana implikasi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) terhadap kerukunan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif sosiologis dengan data primer adalah UU ITE dan kasus-kasus di media yang berkaitan dengan ujaran kebencian, penistaan agama, dan persoalan intoleransi lainnya. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa secara normatif, peraturan tersebut telah mencoba membangun kehidupan beragama yang harmonis di masyarakat dengan menegaskan pada pasal 28 ayat (2) tentang larangan menimbulkan rasa kebencian dan permusuhan antara sesama. Meskipun demikian, dalam tataran sosiologis, peraturan ini belum berjalan sesuai fungsinya, sehingga belum berdampak positif bagi keharmonisan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. UU ITE muncul ketika “telah dilanggar” bukan pada tataran “peredam”. Hal ini disebabkan masih terdapat beberapa frasa undang-undang yang belum tegas dan masih menimbulkan multitafsir. Hal yang terjadi kemudian adalah aksi saling lapor atau ajang balas dendam dengan menggunakan UU ITE sebagai dasar. Pada akhirnya, kerukunan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia belum tercapai dengan baik. Kata Kunci: UU ITE, kerukunan, kehidupan beragama This paper aims to see how the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE law) affects religious harmony in Indonesia. This study uses a sociological normative approach with the primary data being the ITE Law and cases in the media related to hatred, blasphemy, and other tolerance issues. This paper argues that normatively, the regulation has tried to build a harmonious religious life in society by affirming Article 28 paragraph (2) concerning the prohibition of causing hatred and enmity between others. However, at the sociological level, this regulation is not yet in accordance with its function, so it does not have a positive impact on religious life in Indonesia. The ITE Law appears when it "has been violated" not at the "silencer" level. This is because there are still several legal phrases that are not yet firm and still lead to multiple interpretations. What happened then was an act of mutual reporting or revenge using the ITE Law as a basis. In the end, the harmony of religious life in Indonesia has not been achieved properly. Keywords: UU ITE, harmony, religious life

Persecutory and Defamation as Barriers to Inheritance (Review of Maqāṣid Shari'ah in a Compilation of Islamic Law) Wardatun Nabilah; Deri Rizal; Arifki Budia Warman
Alhurriyah Vol 6, No 1 (2021): January - June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

A Compilation of islamic law “Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, which was ratified through Presidential Instruction (or now decree) No. 1 of 1991, is a modern codification of Islamic individual and family law that becomes the standard of judges' reference in resolving cases in religious courts. One of the critical parts of KHI is inheritance, which is the main focus of this paper. The article on inheritance in KHI is interesting for further review because it has a different legal provision to fiqh or qanun. Through the study of libraries with a philosophical approach, this paper intends to analyze the provisions that become a barrier to inheritance from the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharia. This study shows that the obstacles to obtaining inheritance for reasons of persecution and slander, as mentioned in article 173 KHI, are some barriers to one obtaining inheritance that are not discussed as a barrier to inheritance in the classic fiqh book of severe persecution and slander. Through literature research, it is understood that the decree of persecution and slander is a barrier to inheritance in line with the Maqāṣid al-Sharia, namely to protect the soul (hifz al-nafsi), then guard the property (hifz al-māl) and further maintain self-respect (hifz al-'Ird) Thus. However, severe persecution and slander are not listed in classical Islamic jurisprudence as a barrier to inheritance. With the study of Maqāṣid al-Sharia, these two things are very appropriate to be applied in the rule of inheritance law, especially in Indonesia, so that these two acts cause very much harm to the victim (heir). “Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, yang disahkan melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 1991, merupakan kodifikasi modern hukum perseorangan dan keluarga Islam yang menjadi standar rujukan para hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara di pengadilan agama. Salah satu bagian penting KHI adalah kewarisan, yang menjadi fokus utama dalam tulisan ini. Pasal tentang waris dalam KHI menarik dikaji lebih lanjut karena memiliki ketentuan hukum yang berbeda dengan fiqh atau qanun. Melalui studi pustaka dengan pendekatan filosofis, tulisan ini bermaksud menganalisis ketentuan yang menjadi penghalang warisan dari perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa halangan mendapatkan warisan karena alasan penganiayaan dan fitnah, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam pasal 173 KHI terdapat beberapa penghalang seseorang mendapatkan hak waris yang tidak dibahas sebagai penghalang kewarisan dalam kitab fiqh klasik yaitu penganiayaan berat dan fitnah. Melalui penelitian kepustakaan, dipahami bahwa ketetapan penganiayaan dan memfitnah sebagai penghalang kewarisan sejalan dengan Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah yakni yakni untuk menjaga jiwa (hifẓal-nafsi), kemudian menjaga harta (hifẓal-māl) dan selanjutnya menjaga kehormatan diri (hifẓ al-‘Irḍ) Maka, sekalipun penganiayaan berat dan fitnah tidak tercantum dalam fiqh klasik sebagai penghalang kewarisan, namun dengan kajian Maqāṣid Syarī’ah, kedua hal ini sangat pantas diterapkan dalam aturan hukum waris, khususnya di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dua perbuatan ini menyebabkan sangat banyak mudarat kepada korban (pewaris).

Model of Prevention if Loan Sharking Practises Through Pentahelix-Based Sharia Financing Regulation Literacy in Tanah Datar Regency Community Deri Rizal; Yustiloviani Yustiloviani; Farida Arianti; Elsy Renie; Dewi Putri
EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies Vol 7, No 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/es.v7i1.6264

This study seeks to explore the role of the political system in supporting the influence of macro variables on economic growth in the world's Islamic countries. Data obtained from the world bank during 2010-2021. The econometric model used in the research is the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The main finding is that the political system has a significant negative effect on growth. This negative effect is caused by the low value of the political index determined by world governance indicators. In addition, foreign direct investment and remittances are still the main variables in supporting economic growth in the Islamic countries of the world. In contrast, interest rates show negative effects on economic growth. Further results show that an ineffective political system is unable to strengthen the relationship between foreign direct investment, remittances, and interest rates on economic growth. These findings serve as an evaluation for the 2025 OIC internal implementation action program.AbstrakPraktik Rentenir masih banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, dengan berbagai alasan masyarakat masih banyak melakukan pembiayaan pada rentenir, perilaku ini menimbulkan banyak masalah dalam tatanan kehidupan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, pertama: melihat setting sosial maraknya praktik rentenir, kedua: menemukan program/langkah-langkah strategis yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah maraknya praktik rentenir. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu proses mencari data dan menyusun secara sistematis, data tersebut diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, catatan lapangan, maupun dokumentasi, dengan cara mengorganisasikan data ke dalam kategori, menjabarkan ke dalam unit-unit, melakukan sintesis, menyusun ke dalam pola, yang diakhiri dengan membuat kesimpulan, sehingga mudah dipahami oleh diri sendiri maupun orang lain. Penelitian yang menyimpulkan bahwa: pertama, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masyarakat melakkan pembiayaan kepada rentenir adalah karena adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak dan kebutuhan akan modal usaha. Kedua, Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi masih maraknya praktik rentenir di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, yaitu: faktor ekonomi, faktor sosial, faktor informasi dan faktor kemudahan proses. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga merekomendasikan langkah-langkah strategis pencegahan rentenir yaitu: memaksimalkan pelaksanaan program unggulan Makan Randang di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, mendirikan koperasi berbasis Nagari/Jorong/Komunitas di Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan melakukan pendampingan ekonomi kreatif untuk masyarakat di Kabupaten Tanah Datar.

Solving Problematic Financing Through the Execution of Murabaha Contracts: A Case Study of Agam Madani BMT Arwanto, Alfin Dani; Arianti, Farida; Putri Z, Wina Antika; Yani, Suci Fitri; Leli, Maisarah; Rizal, Deri
JESI (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia) Vol 13, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Alma Ata

Murabahah is one of the contracts and products at BMT Agam Madani. This product is financing that is in great demand and is liked by the public. Murbahah contracts cannot be avoided when problematic financing occurs which is favored by interested parties from the community indirectly and contains risks. This study aims to describe the use of the execution method to overcome problematic financing in Murabaha contracts. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The source of data is done by looking at the social situation regarding problematic financing to the point of saturation. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interviews, namely interview guides aimed at customer informants and BMT employees, besides that they also made observations. The results found from the research that the settlement of problematic financing at BMT Agam Madani is classified into two forms, if there is good faith from the customer, then a rescheduling is carried out. If the customer is not good enough, a warning letter will be given up to three times and ends with execution in the form of submitting debt guarantees. This is done because the letter of guarantee signed by the parties is entered into as a deed of acknowledgment of debt which is classified as an authentic deed and execution as an execution of the payment of a sum of money.

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