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Chinaâ€™s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 â€“ 2016) Baskoro, Riski M; Theresia, Amalia Agustina; Raharyo, Anggara
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 5, No 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China?s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012?s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China?s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

Konseptualisasi dalam Gastro Diplomasi: Sebuah Diskusi Kontemporer dalam Hubungan Internasional Riski M. Baskoro
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 4 No 02 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

AbstractFood has a story and people are the sole object constructing the story. Food also has meaning for a community group,where tradition, customs, values, and geographical location will determine what kind of dish is placed in a servingdevice. In other words, food can not be separated from the cultural aspects of a community group, because of courseevery community or a nation has a distinctive style to the food and in the end can set the identity. The concept ofgastronomy is certainly not a rare and peculiar thing, but when it is combined with diplomacy, the story may bedifferent. A decade and a half ago, a leading weekly magazine raised the news about gastro diplomacy activities andmade International Relations scholars captivated to further interpret this concept. This paper will elaborate theconcepts, practices, and debates surrounding gastro diplomacy regarding disparities to similar concepts. In addition,this paper also tries to analyze the affiliation of gastro diplomacy with nation branding. The purpose of this paper isto provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of gastro diplomacy.Keywords: gastro diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, public diplomacy, nation branding AbstrakMakanan memiliki sebuah kisah dan manusia merupakan objek tunggal yang mengkonstruksi kisah itu. Makanan jugamemiliki makna bagi suatu kelompok masyarakat, dimana tradisi, adat istiadat, nilai-nilai sampai letak geografisakan menentukan hidangan jenis apa yang diletakan dalam sebuah peranti saji. Dengan kata lain, makanan tidak bisaterlepas dari aspek budaya suatu kelompok masyarakat, karena tentunya setiap kelompok masyarakat ataupun suatubangsa memiliki corak yang khas terhadap makanannya dan pada akhirnya dapat menata identitas. Konsep tentanggastronomi sudah tentu bukan hal langka dan ganjil, namun ketika ini dipadukan dengan diplomasi, ceritanya bisalain. Satu setengah dekade lalu, sebuah majalah mingguan terkemuka mengangkat berita tentang aktivitas gastrodiplomasi dan membuat para akademisi Hubungan Internasional terpikat untuk menginterpretasi lebih jauh konsepini. Tulisan ini akan mengelaborasi konsep, praktik, dan perdebatan seputar gastro diplomasi mengenai disparitasterhadap konsep-konsep yang serupa. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga mencoba menganalisis afiliasi gastro diplomasidengan nation branding. Tujuan dari tulisan ini untuk memberikan gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai konsepgastro diplomasi.Kata-kata Kunci: Gastro Diplomasi, Diplomasi Kebudayaan, Diplomasi Publik, Nation Branding

China’s Public Diplomacy Through the Utilization of Investment and Censorship in Hollywood (2012 – 2016) Riski M Baskoro; Amalia Agustina Theresia; Anggara Raharyo
Sospol : Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol. 5 No. 1 (2019): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/sospol.v5i1.7765

The conduct of traditional public diplomacy was merely concerned on the engagement of state actors. Not to mention, diplomatic communication is only occurred between the government officials by intention to earned political changes in targeted countries. Recently, public diplomacy is mainly focused on the positive reputation building in the other country and is conducted through political and economic cooperation among two countries or more, by involving the non-state actors also. Starting from its economic reforms initiative, China is engaged in international trade and successfully became one of global economic powers. By its rapid raise, China is feared to be a national threat to other countries, be it politically, economically, or even for the national security. Even more, the Western media often portrays China’s image in a negative light. Hence, in improving its global image, China expands its global outreach by establishing cooperation with the United States film industry, Hollywood, that strengthen by the 2012’s Memorandum of Understanding upon film industry, also by implementing Chinese censorship policy, where negative portrayals of China is prohibited. The conduct of censorship itself would be supervised under state-ruled agency, the SAPPRFT, and is supported by the involvement of Chinese multinational companies investors. Through this research study, the effort of China’s public diplomacy on the utilization of Hollywood as the United States film industry would be proven through new public diplomacy theory. Further, the role of multinational corporations will be assessed due to its essential contribution in enhancing Chinese censorship in Hollywood films for its global release.

The Rise of Malaysian Gastro Diplomacy: From Local Cuisine to the Global Cuisine Tasha Ayu Shalihan Putri; Riski M Baskoro
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v5i1.1644

The “Malaysia Kitchen for the World” campaign designed by the Malaysian government acts as a practical effort of gastro diplomacy that is rooted in the sphere of cultural diplomacy. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify the implementation of the “Malaysia Kitchen for the World” campaign in the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2015 and to provide a detailed analysis using the theories of International Relations study, consisting of public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, and gastro diplomacy. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach, using secondary sources focusing on journals, articles, and books followed by primary sources from MATRADE and Malaysian government official publications. The findings of this research are that Malaysian cuisine is an essential element for the Malaysian government for promoting Malaysia’s cultural richness, branding local business, and raising global awareness of Malaysian food in the international arena, particularly among British citizens.

ENHANCING COUNTRY IMAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOURISM STRATEGY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA Devina Anggiany Putri; Riski Mohamad Baskoro
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 1 (2016): September 2016 - February 2017
Publisher : President University

The global competition has become a mandatory phenomenon faced nowadays. Both the emerging economic country and the advanced economic country are competing each other to create and produce something different by maximizing their potentials and performances to obtain more profit that will be impacted to the politic and the economic aspects. Tourism sector is one of the country‟s potentials which has a big role to support the national interests by attaining benefit immensely. Tourism is an efficient industry to earn financial profit and enhance country reputation especially for nations who have abundant of natural resources. As tropical countries, Indonesia and Malaysia government has set up tourism policy which has been outlined into several strategies. The strategies include marketing and promotion activity which purpose to establish public trust towards related countries by inviting more foreign visitors and investors. In responding to this, both countries are branding their nations by doing a public diplomacy in domestic and overseas through tourism activity. This paper will examine the tourism strategy of Indonesia and Malaysia in attempt to increase country image in international community by emphasizing the implementation of public diplomacy in branding the nation through tourism industry during 2010-2015 time frameworks. Thus, we will apply a comparison method in exploring the strengths and weaknesses of tourism strategy in Indonesia and Malaysia.

The Truth of Cultural Diplomacy Riski Muhamad Baskoro
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v4i2.1350

Since the United States Information Agency (USIA) is no longer active to operate cultural diplomacy in the post-cold war, the concept of cultural diplomacy has experienced a time of crisis in the context of International Relations studies. For a decade, cultural diplomacy was marginalized and considered obsolete until finally in the early 2000s, cultural diplomacy was revived and activated both in practice and theory. Since then, cultural diplomacy has returned to its path. The discourse of cultural diplomacy in International Relations studies has developed to gain more specific activities. This is a qualitative research, with the aim of understanding cultural diplomacy in a more holistic way. The results of this study indicate a debate and a lack of consensus on several aspects of cultural diplomacy and bringing much unclear explanation. This study also shows a dichotomy between cultural diplomacy and other approaches.

FIRST LADY AS DIPLOMATIC AGENT: ANALYZING MICHELLE OBAMA’S CONTRIBUTION IN “LET GIRLS LEARN!” INITIATIVE Chandra Wirabuana Werdaya; Riski Muhamad Baskoro
Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan Vol 14, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Studi Diplomasi dan Keamanan
Publisher : Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jsdk.v14i2.6481

ABSTRAKDalam era modern, diplomasi publik telah menjadi salah satu metode politik yang sering digunakan dalam membangun relasi antar negara, dan dikarenakan perubahan dalam peran wanita di abad ke-20, Ibu Negara dari Amerika Serikat atau juga bisa disebut sebagai FLOTUS juga telah menjadi salah satu aset diplomatik negara. Selama ia menjabat, Michelle Obama telah vokal mengenai advokasi kesetaraan gender di bidang pendidikan dan tempat kerja. Dalam kasus ini, sebagai Ibu Negara, ia ditugaskan untuk mengangkat isu tersebut dengan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat global. Dan untuk melakukan itu, dia menggunakan taktik retoris dan komunikasi interpersonal untuk membujuk masyarakat dan mengungkapkan tujuan untuk negara-negara lain untuk bergabung dengan inisiatif ini. Dengan menggunakan metode riset kualitatif dan teori “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power” oleh Joseph S. Nye, Jr dan teori komunikasi interpersonal “Goal-Plan-Action” oleh James Price Dilliard, jurnal artikel ini menemukan bagaimana Michelle Obama meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat domestic dan global, serta membujuk para pemimpin dunia, pejabat negara, dan diplomat untuk berpartisipasi dalam inisiatif “Let Girls Learn!” dengan menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal sebagai usahanya dalam mempromosikan inisiatif tersebut. Kata kunci: Diplomasi publik, Ibu Negara, Michelle Obama, Peluang Pendidikan yang setara, Komunikasi interpersonalABSTRACTIn the modern era, public diplomacy has become one of the most used political methods in building relationships between countries, and due to the changing role of women in the 20th century. The First Lady of the United States or can be called as FLOTUS has also become one of the state’s diplomatic assets. During her tenure, Michelle Obama has been vocal about advocating gender equality in the field of education and working place. In this case, as the FLOTUS, she was assigned to address the gender inequality issue by raising the awareness of the global audiences. And to do that, she was employing a rhetorical tactic of personal diplomacy in order to persuade the audience and express the means for other states to join the initiative. By using qualitative research method and utilizing the “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power” theory by Joseph S. Nye, Jr and interpersonal communication “Goal-Plan-Action” theory by James Price Dilliard, this journal article discover how Michelle Obama raise the domestic and global audience, as well as persuading the world leaders, government officials, and diplomats to participate in the “Let Girls Learn!” initiative by utilizing interpersonal communication approach in her effort of promoting the initiative. Keywords: Public diplomacy, First Lady, Michelle Obama, Equal education opportunity, Interpersonal Communication.

A LESSON LEARNED FROM PIONEER OF GASTRODIPLOMACY: STRATEGIES OF UTILIZING NATION BRAND BY THE COUNTRY OF WHITE ELEPHANTS THROUGH THE GLOBAL THAI CAMPAIGN Michelle Michelle; Riski Baskoro
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v6i1.3469

Gastrodiplomasi adalah diplomasi budaya yang menggunakan makanan sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap merek sebuah negara. Thailand merupakan negara pertama yang memahami tentang bagaimana menggunakan gastrodiplomasi dan kepentingannya. Pada tahun 2002, sebagai bentuk gastrodiplomasi, pemerintah Thailand meluncurkan program kampanye yang dikenal dengan ‘Global Thai Campaign.’ Kampanye ini merupakan salah satu strategi pemerintah Thailand untuk mengubah image negaranya, hal itu karena citra Thailand yang terkenal mempromosikan pekerja seks sebagai wisata di negaranya. Selain itu, kampanye ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah restoran Thailand di seluruh dunia serta mengubah pandangan buruk masyarakat internasional terhadap Thailand. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan berbagai macam teknik berdasarkan data dari beberapa dokumen dan penulis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan adanya upaya national branding oleh pemerintah Thailand melalui praktik gastrodiplomasi sejak tahun 2002 dan menjadi topik utama di dunia internasional sehingga negara-negara lain dapat mengikuti cara yang telah dilakukan Thailand. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori gastrodiplomasi dan konsep nation brand. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa melalui program gastrodiplomacy, pemerintah Thailand dapat menyebarkan restoran-restoran Thailand di berbagai negara dimana secara langsung mempromosikan makanan khas Thailand. Berdasarkan data yang di dapat, kampanye gastrodiplomacy Thailand memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap negara lain dalam hal kuliner serta terhadap Thailand sendiri, salah satunya adalah jumlah kunjungan wisatawan asing di Thailand meningkat dengan drastis.

Komitmen Indonesia dalam Implementasi SDGs Nomor 5 untuk Menjamin Keamanan Manusia Khususnya Perempuan (2015-2021) [Indonesia's Commitment on the Implementation of SDGs Number 5 to Guarantee Human Security Especially Women (2015-2021)] Ilmi Dwiastuti; Anggara Raharyo; Muhammad Farid; Riski Baskoro
Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) Vol 14, No 27 (2022): January - June
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/verity.v14i27.5901

This study examines the Indonesian government's commitment to gender equality as part of SGD 5. Gender equality is a human security concern that is fundamental to Indonesia's development. Thus, Indonesia's commitment and seriousness must be assessed to ensure that the agreed-upon SDG targets are met. The writers employ the concepts of SDGs and Human Security as analytical tools in evaluating and analyzing Indonesia's promises. The writers classify the aims specified in SDG 5 using the UNDP's seven elements of human security. The writers next explain the strategies and capacities required to handle human security based on the elements. The writers also employ a qualitative content analysis method in which the researchers evaluate diverse sources from official papers. Furthermore, the writers then examine the implementation of SDG 5 using the indicators provided by Bappenas. The writers categorize the analysis based on human security elements and provides an assessment of the government's executed strategies. Finally, the writers believes that, overall, Indonesia's commitment to implementing the SDGs program from 2015 to 2021 did not meet the desired target, but it was ideal in certain targets and indicators.Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Penelitian ini membahas tentang komitmen pemerintah Indonesia dalam menjamin kesetaraan gender sebagai bagian dari SGDs nomor 5. Isu kesetaraan gender merupakan isu keamanan manusia yang menjadi fokus pembangunan Indonesia. Sehingga komitmen dan keseriusan Indonesia perlu dievaluasi untuk menjamin tercapainya target-target dalam SDGs yang sudah disepakati. Dalam mengevaluasi dan menganalisa komitmen Indonesia, penulis menggunakan konsep SDGs dan Keamanan Manusia sebagai alat analisis. Penulis menggunakan tujuh elemen keamanan manusia berdasarkan UNDP dalam mengklasifikasikan target-target yang tercantum dalam SDGs nomor 5. Kemudian, penulis memaparkan strategi dan kapasitas yang diperlukan dalam mengatasi keamanan manusia sesuai elemennya. Penulis juga menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis dimana para peneliti mengkaji berbagai sumber dari dokumen resmi. Kemudian penulis menganalisa implementasi SDGs nomor 5 menggunakan indikator yang sudah disediakan oleh Bappenas. Penulis mengelompokkan analisa berdasarkan elemen keamanan manusia dan memberikan evaluasi strategi pemerintah yang sudah dijalankan. Terakhir penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Komitmen Indonesia dalam menjalankan program SDGs sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2021 dapat dikatakan belum sesuai target yang diinginkan secara umum, namun sudah sempurna di beberapa target dan indikator.

A "Splash" of Taiwan Bubble Tea: Gastrodiplomacy, Nation Brand and A Symbol Angelika Rachelina Putri; Riski M. Baskoro
AEGIS : Journal of International Relations Vol 7, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : President University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33021/aegis.v7i1.4624

Bubble Tea is one of the typical drinks of Taiwan, which has become known since the 1980s in Taichung, Taiwan. Bubble Tea is prevalent in various circles of society. With the recognition of Bubble Tea, the government of Taiwan took advantage of this opportunity to build a positive image amidst its conflict with China regarding the One China Policy.The Taiwanese government developed Bubble Tea as a national brand through gastrodiplomacy to introduce its signature drink to the world. A qualitative approach will be chosen in this study based on literature review withexploratory and descriptive approach. The author will use the concepts of gastrodiplomacy and nation branding. Also, this paper aims to prove how the Taiwanese government uses Bubble Tea not only as a typical Taiwanese drink but also as a symbol in the anti-China movement. The results of this study examine the Taiwanese government's efforts to utilize Bubble Tea as a disparities between China and Taiwan culture that can differentiate Taiwan from China.

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