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PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF COAL DEPOSITS FROM CIGUDEG AND BOJONGMANIK AREAS WITH REGARD TO THEIR UTILISATION BINARKO SANTOSO; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2008): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 11 No. 2 June 2008
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (517.658 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol11.No2.2008.594

Abstract

Geological setting of the Cigudeg and Bojongmanik areas gives rise to the coal characteristics, par- ticularly due to the depositional environment and stratigraphic aspect. Those characteristics include lithotype, type and rank of the coals. The coals formed under wet-swamp condition to result in brighter lithotype and vitrinite-rich coal. By contrast, the coals formed under dry-swamp condition to result in duller lithotype and inertinite-rich coal. The Cigudeg coals contain clay minerals and quartz, whilst the Bojongmanik coals contain pyrite and calcite. These minerals are beneficial to interpret depositional environment of the coals. Ranks of the Bojongmanik coals are somewhat higher (lignite-subbitumi- nous C-B) that those of the Cigudeg coals (lignite-subbituminous B) according to the ASTM classifi- cation. These higher ranks are due to the thicker overburden on the Bojongmanik coals in terms of stratigraphic aspect. Regarding those petrographic characteristics, both coals are suitable for fuel of direct combustion for the small-scale and home industries that are available in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the coals can economically cope with the demand of those industries.
PETROGRAPHIC STUDY ON GENESIS OF SELECTED INERTINITE-RICH COALS FROM JAMBI SUBBASIN NINING S. NINGRUM; BINARKO SANTOSO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 3 October 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (253.509 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No3.2009.553

Abstract

Genesis of the coal macerals in the studied area depends particularly on the tectonic and geologic setting. The coals formed in the Jambi Subbasin, which is the back-arc basin associated with the fluvial to deltaic environment results in both rich in vitrinite and inertinite contents. The vitrinite content is associated with the bright lithotype deposited in the wet-swampy area; whereas the inertinite is associated with the dull lithotype deposited in the dry-swampy area. The presence of mineral matter causes the dull lithotype as well. The presence of the liptinite maceral cannot be correlated with the lithotypes. This maceral composition is the extreme phenomenon, because most of the Sumateran coals contain very low inertinite content (<5%) with very high vitrinite content (>80%). The coals contain low ash and low (0.1-0.4%) to medium sulphur (1.3- 1.6%) contents. The above evidence is the answer of the extreme evidence, and this is the objective of presenting this paper. Methods applied in this study include in-situ coal sampling for microscopic analyses, which are petrographic determination and reflectance examination. The samples were also analysed for their proximate according to ASTM (2002).
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED MANGKALIHAT COALS ACCORDING TO PETROGRAPHIC AND PROXIMATE ANALYSES BINARKO SANTOSO; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13, No 3 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 3 October 2010
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (839.468 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No3.2010.519

Abstract

A carbonate complex in the Mangkalihat area, East Kalimantan, has been selected for this study, because this area has some coal deposits associated with dominant limestone intercalated by thin claystone and sandstone. Commonly, most Indonesian coals were formed in fluvial and deltaic depositional environment. Accordingly, this study is interesting due to the depositional environment of the coals in association with a marine condition. This environment mostly results in relatively high mineral matter and sulphur contents, particularly pyrite in this study; brighter lithotype and dominant vitrinite content over liptinite and inertinite. The geologic factors have clearly proven a good correlation among the results of megascopic, microscopic and proximate analyses. The coals with brighter lithotype, high vitrinite and moisture contents were formed under a wetter marsh environment. On the other hand, the duller lithotypes with the presence of inertinite and mineral matter were deposited in a dryer marsh environment. The presence of high pyrite and sulphur contents strongly indicates a marine incursion during the coal forming in this area.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT IN INDONESIA USING BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION (BCL) TECHNOLOGY MIFTAHUL HUDA; Granit Agustina; NINING S. Ningrum; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 1 February 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (190.008 KB) | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No1.2009.575

Abstract

Financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction plant has been conducted in the year 2002 and up dated in the year 2007. However, the increase of coal price, currently, has promoted coal companies to export their coal rather than to allocate it as raw material for coal liquefaction. To maintain the stability of coal supply in a liquefaction plant, the use of stranded mining coal as raw material for the plant should be studied. This study was aimed to conduct financial analysis of stranded coal from South Sumatera (Pendopo Coal) and to update the financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction. Discounted cash flow was used as the method for the analysis. The result indicates that with the oil price higher than US$ 70/bbl and coal price below US$ 25/ton, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of Pendopo coal liquefaction plant achieved value higher than 10%. Reducing corporate tax from 30% to 15% in- creased IRR value of approximately 1%. Meanwhile, by enlarging the plant scale from 3,000t/d to 12,000 t/d will increase the IRR value as much as 5%. On the other hand, the IRR of Mulia coal liquefaction plant was less than 9% when the oil price was lower than US$ 70/bbl and coal price was above US$ 55/ton.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED MANGKALIHAT COALS ACCORDING TO PETROGRAPHIC AND PROXIMATE ANALYSES BINARKO SANTOSO; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 13 No 3 (2010): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 13 No. 3 October 2010
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol13.No3.2010.519

Abstract

A carbonate complex in the Mangkalihat area, East Kalimantan, has been selected for this study, because this area has some coal deposits associated with dominant limestone intercalated by thin claystone and sandstone. Commonly, most Indonesian coals were formed in fluvial and deltaic depositional environment. Accordingly, this study is interesting due to the depositional environment of the coals in association with a marine condition. This environment mostly results in relatively high mineral matter and sulphur contents, particularly pyrite in this study; brighter lithotype and dominant vitrinite content over liptinite and inertinite. The geologic factors have clearly proven a good correlation among the results of megascopic, microscopic and proximate analyses. The coals with brighter lithotype, high vitrinite and moisture contents were formed under a wetter marsh environment. On the other hand, the duller lithotypes with the presence of inertinite and mineral matter were deposited in a dryer marsh environment. The presence of high pyrite and sulphur contents strongly indicates a marine incursion during the coal forming in this area.
PETROGRAPHIC STUDY ON GENESIS OF SELECTED INERTINITE-RICH COALS FROM JAMBI SUBBASIN NINING S. NINGRUM; BINARKO SANTOSO
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12 No 3 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 3 October 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No3.2009.553

Abstract

Genesis of the coal macerals in the studied area depends particularly on the tectonic and geologic setting. The coals formed in the Jambi Subbasin, which is the back-arc basin associated with the fluvial to deltaic environment results in both rich in vitrinite and inertinite contents. The vitrinite content is associated with the bright lithotype deposited in the wet-swampy area; whereas the inertinite is associated with the dull lithotype deposited in the dry-swampy area. The presence of mineral matter causes the dull lithotype as well. The presence of the liptinite maceral cannot be correlated with the lithotypes. This maceral composition is the extreme phenomenon, because most of the Sumateran coals contain very low inertinite content (<5%) with very high vitrinite content (>80%). The coals contain low ash and low (0.1-0.4%) to medium sulphur (1.3- 1.6%) contents. The above evidence is the answer of the extreme evidence, and this is the objective of presenting this paper. Methods applied in this study include in-situ coal sampling for microscopic analyses, which are petrographic determination and reflectance examination. The samples were also analysed for their proximate according to ASTM (2002).
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON DEVELOPMENT OF COAL LIQUEFACTION PLANT IN INDONESIA USING BROWN COAL LIQUEFACTION (BCL) TECHNOLOGY MIFTAHUL HUDA; Granit Agustina; NINING S. Ningrum; BUKIN DAULAY
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12 No 1 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 1 February 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No1.2009.575

Abstract

Financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction plant has been conducted in the year 2002 and up dated in the year 2007. However, the increase of coal price, currently, has promoted coal companies to export their coal rather than to allocate it as raw material for coal liquefaction. To maintain the stability of coal supply in a liquefaction plant, the use of stranded mining coal as raw material for the plant should be studied. This study was aimed to conduct financial analysis of stranded coal from South Sumatera (Pendopo Coal) and to update the financial analysis of Mulia coal liquefaction. Discounted cash flow was used as the method for the analysis. The result indicates that with the oil price higher than US$ 70/bbl and coal price below US$ 25/ton, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of Pendopo coal liquefaction plant achieved value higher than 10%. Reducing corporate tax from 30% to 15% in- creased IRR value of approximately 1%. Meanwhile, by enlarging the plant scale from 3,000t/d to 12,000 t/d will increase the IRR value as much as 5%. On the other hand, the IRR of Mulia coal liquefaction plant was less than 9% when the oil price was lower than US$ 70/bbl and coal price was above US$ 55/ton.
PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF COAL DEPOSITS FROM CIGUDEG AND BOJONGMANIK AREAS WITH REGARD TO THEIR UTILISATION BINARKO SANTOSO; NINING S. NINGRUM
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 11 No 2 (2008): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 11 No. 2 June 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol11.No2.2008.594

Abstract

Geological setting of the Cigudeg and Bojongmanik areas gives rise to the coal characteristics, par- ticularly due to the depositional environment and stratigraphic aspect. Those characteristics include lithotype, type and rank of the coals. The coals formed under wet-swamp condition to result in brighter lithotype and vitrinite-rich coal. By contrast, the coals formed under dry-swamp condition to result in duller lithotype and inertinite-rich coal. The Cigudeg coals contain clay minerals and quartz, whilst the Bojongmanik coals contain pyrite and calcite. These minerals are beneficial to interpret depositional environment of the coals. Ranks of the Bojongmanik coals are somewhat higher (lignite-subbitumi- nous C-B) that those of the Cigudeg coals (lignite-subbituminous B) according to the ASTM classifi- cation. These higher ranks are due to the thicker overburden on the Bojongmanik coals in terms of stratigraphic aspect. Regarding those petrographic characteristics, both coals are suitable for fuel of direct combustion for the small-scale and home industries that are available in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the coals can economically cope with the demand of those industries.
Co-Authors BINARKO SANTOSO BUKIN DAULAY Granit Agustina Miftahul Huda