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EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL DEWATERING ON COKE ADDITIVE MAKING FROM LOW RANK COAL (LRC) Nining Sudini Ningrum; Miftahul Huda; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

This paper describes a study of the effects of hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau low rank coals, on additive characteristics. Hydrothermal upgrading and dewatering of the coals were carried out in a batch-type autoclave reactor at temperatures 350°C at a maximum pressure of 30 bar for 30 min. The dried sample resulted from hydrothermal process mixed with liquid fraction tar solvent at 250-350°C with ratio 4:6, was input in the 0,5 l autoclave to conduct hydrogenation process with variation initial hydrogen pressure of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 bar, and reaction temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The process of hydrothermal treatment before hydrogenation produced a higher calorific value having an average of >8000 cal/g (air dried basic, adb). Ash content and volatile matter for the coal were increased with the increasing initial hydrogen pressure. Corrected hydrogen content steadily increased after hydrothermal process and hydrogenation while the corrected oxygen decreased drastically after the hydrogenation process. Fuel ratio of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau coals after hydrothermal process also increase reached 1.58, 1.04 and 1.77 respectively. Overall results indicate the impor- tance of introducing a hydrothermal treatment step for the improvement of the coke additive characteristics.

ALTERING FERROUS SULPHATE TO SYNTHETIC GOETHITE Dessy Amalia; Yuhelda Dahlan; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 2 June 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Catalyst is required in any reaction. Coal liquefaction is one of the processes to have need of it. The most common catalyst used in the process is ferrous based catalyst. It is very influenced by pyrhotite, which may be occurred from goethite while goethite can be composed of any iron sources. The research had the use of ferrous sulphate as the main iron source, which was reacted with caustic soda. Parameters on molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH were 0.2 and 0.33, reaction time applied were 3.5; 6.5 and 17.15 hours, oxygen flow rates of 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 cc/minute were also observed. The best result was achieved at 0.2 molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH within 6.5 hours by oxidation process that was containing pure goethite, while 100 cc/minute of oxygen rate was enough for the process to be happened.

STUDY OF POLYMETHACRYLATE (PMA) INFLUENCE AS DISPERSANT ON UBCWM PREPARATION DATIN F. UMAR; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 3 October 2009
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Upgraded brown coal water mixture (UBCWM) is a mixture of coal resulted from upgraded brown coal (UBC) process with water in a certain ratio to form a homogeneous and stable suspension during storage, transpor- tation and combustion. UBCWM can be used as direct fuel as substitute for heavy fuel oil, particularly in industrial boilers. To obtain a UBCWM with high coal concentration and low apparent viscosity as well as good flow characteristics, the addition of additive as dispersant is needed. To study the effectiveness of polymethacrylate (PMA) as dispersant, research on the effect of PMA in the production of UBCWM needs to be carried out. The research was conducted by preparing UBCWM with the addition of PMA of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% and also carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 0.01% as stabilizer. Preparation of UBCWM using 0.3% PMA and CMC, xantham gum (S- 60) and ransham gum (S-194) of 0.01% each was also carried out. Flow characteristic of the UBCWM was measured by using a viscometer at various shear rate. Results indicate that the addition of 0.3% PMA in the production of UBCWM is effective as dispersant. The addition of 0.5% PMA did not significantly reduce apparent viscosity. The addition of 0.3% PMA together with 0.01% CMC produces UBCWM with the highest coal concentration of 58.3% with yield stress of 23.22 Pa.

THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RESEARCH-BASED INDONESIAN COAL UTILIZATION Ukar Wijaya Soelistijo; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 1 February 2013
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Efforts of Indonesian Government in diversifying the available fuels from domestic coal in the forms of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels open the pissibility to overcome the depleted domestic oil reserves. Within the coming few years, Indonesia will be a net oil consumer after being the net oil importer in 2003. In the last forty years, Indonesian energy consumption was heavily depended on oil fuel. To meet the increase domestic energy demand, a large quantity of domestic coal reserves should be diversified into briquette, synthetic oil and gas as well as other non-fuel or chemical products. All these diversified products are expected to be economically competitive as well as environmental friendly using clean coal technology. This article is an evaluation on study results compilation of Indonesian coal utilization and diversification in the last 15 years

EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL DEWATERING ON COKE ADDITIVE MAKING FROM LOW RANK COAL (LRC) Nining Sudini Ningrum; Miftahul Huda; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 3 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 3 OCTOBER 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No3.2013.379

This paper describes a study of the effects of hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau low rank coals, on additive characteristics. Hydrothermal upgrading and dewatering of the coals were carried out in a batch-type autoclave reactor at temperatures 350°C at a maximum pressure of 30 bar for 30 min. The dried sample resulted from hydrothermal process mixed with liquid fraction tar solvent at 250-350°C with ratio 4:6, was input in the 0,5 l autoclave to conduct hydrogenation process with variation initial hydrogen pressure of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 bar, and reaction temperature of 400°C for 1 hour. The process of hydrothermal treatment before hydrogenation produced a higher calorific value having an average of >8000 cal/g (air dried basic, adb). Ash content and volatile matter for the coal were increased with the increasing initial hydrogen pressure. Corrected hydrogen content steadily increased after hydrothermal process and hydrogenation while the corrected oxygen decreased drastically after the hydrogenation process. Fuel ratio of Jambi, Pendopo and Wahau coals after hydrothermal process also increase reached 1.58, 1.04 and 1.77 respectively. Overall results indicate the impor- tance of introducing a hydrothermal treatment step for the improvement of the coke additive characteristics.

THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RESEARCH-BASED INDONESIAN COAL UTILIZATION Ukar Wijaya Soelistijo; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 16 No 1 (2013): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 16 No. 1 February 2013
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol16.No1.2013.436

Efforts of Indonesian Government in diversifying the available fuels from domestic coal in the forms of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels open the pissibility to overcome the depleted domestic oil reserves. Within the coming few years, Indonesia will be a net oil consumer after being the net oil importer in 2003. In the last forty years, Indonesian energy consumption was heavily depended on oil fuel. To meet the increase domestic energy demand, a large quantity of domestic coal reserves should be diversified into briquette, synthetic oil and gas as well as other non-fuel or chemical products. All these diversified products are expected to be economically competitive as well as environmental friendly using clean coal technology. This article is an evaluation on study results compilation of Indonesian coal utilization and diversification in the last 15 years

STUDY OF POLYMETHACRYLATE (PMA) INFLUENCE AS DISPERSANT ON UBCWM PREPARATION DATIN F. UMAR; SUGANAL SUGANAL
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12 No 3 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 3 October 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No3.2009.555

Upgraded brown coal water mixture (UBCWM) is a mixture of coal resulted from upgraded brown coal (UBC) process with water in a certain ratio to form a homogeneous and stable suspension during storage, transpor- tation and combustion. UBCWM can be used as direct fuel as substitute for heavy fuel oil, particularly in industrial boilers. To obtain a UBCWM with high coal concentration and low apparent viscosity as well as good flow characteristics, the addition of additive as dispersant is needed. To study the effectiveness of polymethacrylate (PMA) as dispersant, research on the effect of PMA in the production of UBCWM needs to be carried out. The research was conducted by preparing UBCWM with the addition of PMA of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% and also carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 0.01% as stabilizer. Preparation of UBCWM using 0.3% PMA and CMC, xantham gum (S- 60) and ransham gum (S-194) of 0.01% each was also carried out. Flow characteristic of the UBCWM was measured by using a viscometer at various shear rate. Results indicate that the addition of 0.3% PMA in the production of UBCWM is effective as dispersant. The addition of 0.5% PMA did not significantly reduce apparent viscosity. The addition of 0.3% PMA together with 0.01% CMC produces UBCWM with the highest coal concentration of 58.3% with yield stress of 23.22 Pa.

ALTERING FERROUS SULPHATE TO SYNTHETIC GOETHITE Dessy Amalia; Yuhelda Dahlan; Suganal Suganal
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 12 No 2 (2009): INDONESIAN MINING JOURNAL Vol. 12 No. 2 June 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol12.No2.2009.563

Catalyst is required in any reaction. Coal liquefaction is one of the processes to have need of it. The most common catalyst used in the process is ferrous based catalyst. It is very influenced by pyrhotite, which may be occurred from goethite while goethite can be composed of any iron sources. The research had the use of ferrous sulphate as the main iron source, which was reacted with caustic soda. Parameters on molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH were 0.2 and 0.33, reaction time applied were 3.5; 6.5 and 17.15 hours, oxygen flow rates of 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 cc/minute were also observed. The best result was achieved at 0.2 molar ratio of the FeSO4.7H2O/NaOH within 6.5 hours by oxidation process that was containing pure goethite, while 100 cc/minute of oxygen rate was enough for the process to be happened.

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