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Journal : International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE)

Magnesium Recovery of Struvite Formation Based on Waste Salts (Bittern) with a Bulkhead Reactor Luluk edahwati; Sutiyono; Nikmatuz Zahra; Herdiana Septiani
International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering Vol. 1 No. 01 (2020): IJEISE
Publisher : Engineering Faculty, University of Pembangunan Nasional Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/ijeise.v1i01.1

Abstract

Waste salt or bittern is the residual liquid from the salt formation which cannot be precipitated again but can be obtained from the washing water remaining in the purification process. Bittern has high economic value of mineral salts such as MgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, and Br2. The element Mg in bittern can be used as a mineral forming struvite because magnesium is one of the components needed in the formation of struvite. Crystallization of the formation of struvite minerals occurs in equimolecular concentrations of Mg 2+, NH4 + and PO43 - in an alkaline state. The column reactor is equipped with a bulkhead which functions as a stirrer inside the reactor and is assisted by incoming air. Struvite solution (MAP) reacted can be formed from phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, and bittern or salt waste as a source of magnesium with a molar ratio of 2: 1: 1. The pH variations run in the range of 7 to 11 and the reactor inlet air velocity between 0.25-1.25 L/min in a closed column reactor that is operated continuously. The resulting dry sludge was analyzed by XRD method for mineral characterization, SEM to determine the morphology of the crystals and XRF to determine the composition of struvite mineral.
Tofu Factory Liquid Waste for Making Struvite with Canted Vertical Reactors Sutiyono; Luluk edahwati; Kartika Pratiwi; Achmad Fanani
International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering Vol. 1 No. 01 (2020): IJEISE
Publisher : Engineering Faculty, University of Pembangunan Nasional Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/ijeise.v1i01.9

Abstract

Struvite is a white crystal, chemically known as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Tofu factory liquid waste is waste that can be reused because of its content. Tofu factory liquid waste can potentially pollute the environment. This research aimsto analyze the manufacture of struvite by utilizing the phosphate content contained in the liquid waste of tofu factories using vertical canted column reactors which can reduce environmental pollution due to liquid waste of tofu factories. This study uses a vertical canted column reactors by mixing anequimolar 1: 1: 1 MgCl2: NH4OH: H3PO4 solution. Struvite crystallization process operates at a temperature variation of 30°C,35°C,40°C,45.50°Cand a pH of 8, 9,10,11,12 by maintaining the air rate of 0.5 liters minute-1 and a MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate)flow of 56 ml minutes-1 as a whole. The crystallization process runs until a steady state conditionis reached. Then, the struvite crystals obtained were filtered and dried at room temperature for 24 hours. After that struvite crystals were analyzed using XRF, XRD, and SEM. The results of the study obtained the best phosphate conversion of 24.935% at 30°C and pH 8.
Recovery of Phosphate and Ammonium from Dairy Cow Urine by Struvite Crystallization with Vertical Reactor Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan
International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering Vol. 1 No. 02 (2020): IJEISE
Publisher : Engineering Faculty, University of Pembangunan Nasional Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/ijeise.v1i02.23

Abstract

Excess phosphate (PO43-) and ammonium (NH4+) in wastewater can cause environmental damages, such as pollutants and eutrophication in water. Dairy cow urine is a dangerous liquid waste that contains high amounts of phosphate and ammonium. The removal of PO4 and NH4 components can be done by crystallizing them into struvite fertilizers. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is a mineral formed from magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate with the equimolar ratio. The crystallization process of struvite is carried out using a vertical reactor. MAP solution (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is prepared by reacting MgCl2, H3PO4, and dairy cow urine with MAP molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 and KOH 1N. The study run in pH 8; 8.5; 9; 9.5; 10 and temperature variations of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45˚C in vertical reactor continuously. The struvite precipitate was filtered and dried, it is analyzed by XRF to determine the struvite composition and SEM to determine the morphology of the struvite. The results showed that the best percentage of phosphate and ammonium was at 45˚C and pH 9.5, it was 33.2% and 27.9%.