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All Journal Humaniora Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Jurnal Kawistara : Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial dan Humaniora Mozaik Humaniora Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Patrawidya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya Lembaran Sejarah
Agus Suwignyo
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Arts Humanities Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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PRAKTIK SOSIO-KULTURAL SEBAGAI BENTUK KEWARGAAN MASYARAKAT TAHUN 1950AN: MELIHAT KEMBALI HISTORIOGRAFI KEBANGSAAN DALAM BINGKAI NON-NEGARA Suwignyo, Agus; Yuliantri, Rhoma Dwi Aria
Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya. Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah X

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (393.906 KB) | DOI: 10.52829/pw.14

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji gagasan kewargaan sosial (social citizenship) dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat pada tahun 1950an. Sejauh mana proses menjadi Indonesia dalam dimensi sehari-hari tahun 1950an sebuah proses merakyat yang tidak elitis? Kajian dalam artikel ini memanfaatkan pemberitaan surat kabar sebagai sumber data. Dengan fokus-telaah pada agensi non-negara, artikel mengulas dimensi dan pola kewargaan yang dipraktikkan masyarakat melalui perkumpulan sosial, aktivitas kolektif masyarakat dan kegiatan-kegiatan budaya. Keterlibatan warga dalam berbagai saluran aktivitas menunjukkan tiga dimensi penting kewargaan sosial mereka. Pertama, wacana kewargaan yang cair dan terus mengalami negosiasi melalui perdebatan. Kedua, bentuk kewargaan sosial yang kebanyakan tersalurkan melalui aktivitas budaya sebagai objek material. Ketiga, ekspresi kewargaan sosial dalam aneka rupa perayaan terbuka sebagai cara komunitas-komunitas  warga “menuntut” pengakuan publik atas keberadaan mereka. Ketiga dimensi menegaskan bahwa pembentukan kewargaan adalah proses sehari-hari masyarakat yang inklusif dan tidak selalu merupakan urusan negara.____________________________________________________________This article examines the practices of social citizenship in the daily life of the Indonesian people during the 1950s. In particular this article aims at answering the question: In how far was the process of being an Indonesian during the 1950s a people-based process not part of the state building project of the government? By using newspapers published in the 1950s as the sources of data, this article analyzes the dimensions of social citizenship that people perfomed through social organizations and communal and cultural activities. This article argues that the people’s participation in the many different channels of social and cultural activities during the 1950s showed three dimensions of social citizenship. First, it showedthat the people’s discourse of citizenship was ‘fluid’ and continuously adjusting to conform on-going negotiation and contestation. Second, communal and cultural activities were tangible forms of social citizenship through which people expressed their feeling as members of the Indonesian society. Third, carnivals and performances were a strategic medium for the people to acquire public recognition of their social existence.All the three dimensions suggested that the making of social citizenship during the 1950s was an inclusive process. They wereembedded in the daily life of the people and were relatively distant from the state’s project of nation building.
Rekayasa Bahasa dan Konstruksi Politik “Persatuan-Kesatuan” dalam Wacana “Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia” Suwignyo, Agus
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 10, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/kawistara.48974

Abstract

The formation of the Indonesian nation-state is inseparable from linguistic engineering. This includes phrases that transformed their lexical meaning to become a binding political concession produced by Indonesian political leaders in the 1940s and 1950s. The official name of the Indonesian state “The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia” is the result of this political concession in the statecraft of Indonesia. This article aims to examine the meanings of the “unity and unitary” phrases in the imagined form of Indonesian nation-state. Why was “unity and unitary” an effective political tool for the shaping of the imagination of “Indonesia”? Linguists and historians would these choices of words as a reflection of the power of language in the creation of facts. Language can transform a lexical fact into a material one. It is therefore essential to understand how did the phrase “unity and unitary” transform from a lexical to a political meaning in the context of Indonesian history? This article is based on literary analyses of official relevant documents, including the assembly proceeding of the Council for the Investigation of the Preparation for Indonesian Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI) of August 1945, and the so-called Principal Guidelines for State Development (Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara, GBHN) of the New Order. It argues that the “unity and unitary” phrase represents a negotiation of diverse political elements which then shaped the crafting of Indonesian nation-state. The changes in the contexts in which the phrase was used show a changing association between the lexical and ideological meanings of the phrase. While these changes worked towards institutionalizing the Indonesian state, this article concludes that they also submerged the people’s discontents. The phrase “unity and unitary” reflected the making of people’s uniformity to a large extent. 
Unifying Diversities: Early Institutional Formation of the Indonesian National Education System c. December 1949 – August 1950 Agus Suwignyo
Humaniora Vol 24, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.033 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jh.1035

Abstract

This paper explores the unification of the school system in Indonesia from December 1949 to August 1950. The unification of the educational system during this eight-month period reflected the Indonesian state formation in its earliest stage. It was a process of indonesianization in which the Indonesian Republicans in the Yogyakarta administration dominated the arena. State intervention in the teaching of religious courses and the position of the school system for non-Indonesian children were two of the most critical issues. At the same time, centralization of educational policy making was looming. The aim of this paper to examine the early process of the Indonesian state formation in education by making use of the archives disposed at ANRI that so for have been much neglected in the writing of the history of Indonesian education.
An Analysis of The Discursive Gap in the Ideas and Practices of Musyawarah Mufakat in the Indonesian Nation-State Formation, 1900-1980s Suwignyo, Agus; Yuliantri, Rhoma Dwi Aria
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 33, No 1 (2023): Social and Religious Aspect in History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v33i1.41514

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to examine the existing studies on the Indonesian deliberative mechanism of decision making, musyawarah-mufakat (MM), in the frame of nation-state formation. The 17th of August, 1945 construction of the Indonesian nation-state was based on traditional values despite its modelling of the European modern states by way of colonial legacies. This paper argues that, although scholarly attentions to revisit the ideas and practices of MM have developed very vast over the past four decades, the transformation of MM as a state mechanism has been touched in passing. Consequently, there was a discursive gap in the ideas and practices of MM. By analyzing recent studies on MM and by employing a historical method to explore daily newspapers and official documents published between 1900 and 1980s, this paper shows that the collective nature of MM did represent the taming of the political masses that overrode an individual’s sense of citizenship. Given the notion of unity, the making of MM a state ideology promoted the type of citizenship that had to work contingently with the ideological undertones of the ruling regimes. The Gesellschaft nature of the state enforced a unity as an individual’s social duty, whereas the Gemeinschaft nature of MM promoted a unity as a personal initiative, hence an ambivalence. Nevertheless, the dynamics of people’s citizenship in the practice of MM has become qualitatively compelling over time. Keywords: musyawarah mufakat, citizenship, state formation, Indonesia, twentieth century.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang mekanisme pengambilan keputusan di Indonesia, yakni musyawarah-mufakat (MM), dalam rangka pembentukan negara-bangsa. Pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 pembangunan negara-bangsa Indonesia didasarkan pada nilai-nilai tradisional meski mengadaptasi model negara-negara Eropa modern karena warisan kolonial. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa meskipun perhatian ilmiah untuk meninjau kembali gagasan dan praktik MM telah berkembang pesat selama empat dekade terakhir, transformasi MM sebagai mesin negara telah disentuh secara sepintas. Dengan menganalisis studi terbaru tentang MM dan menggunakan metode historis untuk mengeksplorasi surat kabar harian dan dokumen resmi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1900 dan 1980-an, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa sifat kolektif MM mewakili penjinakan massa politik yang mengesampingkan rasa kewarganegaraan individu. Mengingat gagasan persatuan, menjadikan MM sebagai ideologi negara yang mempromosikan jenis kewarganegaraan yang harus bekerja secara kontinyu dengan nada ideologis rezim yang berkuasa. Sifat Gesellschaft dari persatuan yang dipaksakan oleh negara sebagai tugas sosial individu, sedangkan sifat Gemeinschaft dari MM mempromosikan persatuan sebagai inisiatif pribadi, karenanya menjadi ambivalensi. Namun demikian, dinamika kewarganegaraan dalam praktik MM menjadi menarik secara kualitatif dari waktu ke waktu.Kata kunci: musyawarah mufakat, kewarganegaraan, pembentukan negara, Indonesia, abad ke dua puluh.
Analysis of the People's Needs for Museum Tourism as Cultural Expressions and Freedom to Learn in the Post-Pandemic Era Yuliantri, Rhoma Dwi Aria; Sudarmadi, Tular; Suwignyo, Agus
MOZAIK HUMANIORA Vol. 22 No. 2 (2022): MOZAIK HUMANIORA VOL. 22 NO. 2
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mozaik.v22i2.34754

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted people's lives, including the tourism and education sectors such as tours in museums. This study aims to answer three questions (1) How high is the priority of the community's needs for post-pandemic museum tourism? (2) What are the museum tourism needs in terms of museum facilities, cultural activities and independent learning programs? (3) What are the public opinions on the tourism program that should be developed by the museum to respond to the priority needs of museum tourism after the pandemic? This research was conducted using quantitative methods with descriptive statistical calculations. The results of the study showed that most of the respondents strongly agreed (79.13%) and agreed (18.26%) that museum visits should be based on the spirit of finding alternative places to learn and seek new knowledge. Respondents decided to visit a museum firstly due to the programs offered by the museum. Regarding museums which employed freedom to learn program, respondents agreed (53.04%) if museums promoted various activities as learning arenas based on the government programs. Respondents' expectations of post-pandemic museums lead to the concept of "museums for community.” This means that museum management and the development of cultural creations potential and economic activities by museums are welcomed with high interest if the people or community are involved. It is suggested that museum managements (1) organize cultural performance acitivities as part of the promotion for museum visits, and (2) engage with local communities in the creation and implementation of the activities.
Between Development and Politics: The Decline of the Community Service Program in Indonesian Higher Education, 1960s – 1970s Suwignyo, Agus; Sudarmadi, Tular; Wahyuni, Hermin Indah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 34, No 2 (2024): Disaster and Disease in History
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v34i2.49331

Abstract

Abstract: The 1961 official enactment of “community service” (CS) as one of the Indonesian higher education (HE) missions aimed to improve the welfare of the Indonesian society, among others, by eradicating illiteracy and poverty. However, the method for implementing CS depended heavily on the ideological orientation of the ruling political regimes. The present article examines why CS programs became marginalized in the management of Indonesian HE during the politically tumultuous years of the 1960s and 1970s. Employing a historical method and drawing upon data from university reports, newspaper articles, and government documents, this article argues that the implementation of CS programs took place asymmetrically with the nature of CS as a social mission. Political agendas of the different Indonesian governments systematically directed away the trajectories and targets of the CS program from its original mission of developing the welfare of the people. The CS programs, in practice, reflected the pragmatic political goals of the governments. Consequently, the Indonesian HE lost its transformative role in society. Abstrak: Disahkannya “pengabdian masyarakat” (PkM) pada tahun 1961 sebagai salah satu misi pendidikan tinggi (PT) Indonesia bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia, antara lain dengan memberantas buta huruf dan kemiskinan. Namun, metode penerapan PkM sangat bergantung pada orientasi ideologi rezim politik yang berkuasa. Artikel ini mengkaji mengapa program PkM menjadi terpinggirkan dalam pengelolaan perguruan tinggi Indonesia selama tahun-tahun politik yang penuh gejolak pada tahun 1960an dan 1970an. Dengan menggunakan metode historis dan memanfaatkan data dari laporan universitas, artikel surat kabar, dan dokumen pemerintah, artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa implementasi program PkM terjadi secara asimetris dengan sifat PkM sebagai misi sosial. Agenda politik dari berbagai pemerintahan di Indonesia secara sistematis mengalihkan arah dan sasaran program PkM dari misi awalnya untuk mengembangkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Program PkM pada praktiknya mencerminkan tujuan politik pragmatis pemerintah. Akibatnya, PT Indonesia kehilangan peran transformatifnya dalam masyarakat. 
Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1970-an – 2000-an: Kebijakan, Bentuk, dan Perdebatan Pemikiran Suwignyo, Agus; Sudarmadi, Tular; Wahyuni, Hermin Indah
Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha Vol 9, No 2 (2024): Colonialism, Nationalism, and Social Transformation
Publisher : Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jscl.v9i2.57429

Abstract

The Student’s Community Service (Kuliah Kerja Nyata, KKN) has become a hallmark of higher education in Indonesia. Nonetheless, the history and intricacies of the implementation of this program have been overlooked in scholarly studies. The aim of the present article was to analyze the policies, forms and debates on KKN program from the 1970s to 2000s. This article was focused on the KKN program that was carried by the university that first initiated it in Indonesia, namely Gadjah Mada University. As a pioneer, UGM has the experiences in and the most complete archival collection about the KKN program among public and private universities in Indonesia. By applying the historical method and using KKN UGM reports from the 1970s–2000s as data sources, this article argues that, along the time of its existence, the KKN program at UGM has faced ups and downs as well as pros and cons. The article shows that the policies and the forms of the KKN program continue to adapt to the current context. Its contents, target community groups, and models of evaluation are increasingly varied and established from time to time. However, the principles and ideas that underline the program are also dynamic, especially regarding its impact and relevance in a modernizingsociety.
Lembaran Sejarah dan Indeksasi Digital Suwignyo, Agus
Lembaran Sejarah Vol 20, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.101863

Abstract

Co-Authors Hermin Indah Wahyuni Tular Sudarmadi Yuliantri, Rhoma Dwi Aria