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Survival Analysis of the Effect of Season at Calving, Lactation Number and Breeding on Days Open in Dairy Cattle at Khon Khaen Province, Thailand Taufik, E; Suriyasataphorn, W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of season at calving, lactation number and breeding on days open (interval between calving and conception) in dairy cattle by using Cox proportional hazards model as a survival analysis method. The data were sampled from 143 cows at 6 farms located in Khon Kaen Province, North-Eastern Thailand and classified as farm identification (FID), cow identification (CID), calving date (CDA), date at last follow up (LAF), percentage of Holstein-Friesian (PHF), lactation number (LAN) and event of interest (1 = conception, 0 = not conception) (event). Time of days open was calculated by subtracting LAF by CDA and CDA was used to determine season of calving. The result showed that based on Kaplan-Meier survivorship percentiles, overall median days open of cattle were at 210, whereas median days open for the cow calved in summer was 231 and 204 for the cow calved in other season. Median days open for the cow calved with one lactation was 226 and 207 for the cow with two lactation and more. Median days open for the cow with percentage of Holstein-Friesian <75% was 211 and 206 for the cow with percentage of Holstein-Friesian >75%. The result from Cox proportional-hazard regression of days open for Khon Khaen dairy cows showed that cows that calved in rainy and winter had a greater chance of 1.28 times and 1.76 times, respectively, of becoming pregnant than those calved in summer, although the difference was insignificant and cows with lactation number two or more were marginally had 1.54 times chance to get pregnant compare to cows with one lactation number, even though this chance was not statistically significant (P = 0.1725), whereas cows with percentage of Holstein Friesian >75% had significantly greater chance 1.17 times more to get pregnant compare to those with percentage of Holstein Friesian <75%. Key Words: Survival Analysis, Cox Proportional Hazard Model, Dairy Cow, Days Open

Dadih Susu Sapi Hasil Fermentasi Berbagai Starter Bakteri Probiotik yang Disimpan pada Suhu Rendah: Karakteristik Kimiawi E Taufik
Media Peternakan Vol. 27 No. 3 (2004): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.136 KB)

This experiment was designed to improve quality of dadih in a process which was more controlled. The use of cow milk was to replace buffalo milk utilization due to its availability was very limited; the use of probiotic starter combination was to conduct fermentation process of dadih more controlled, and the specific characteristics of dadih could be measured. Therefore the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the best starter concentration that will be used in fermentation process of dadih and to investigate chemical characteristics of dadih from cow milk fermented with different combination of probiotic starter bacteria (L. plantarum (A1), L. plantarum + L. acidophilus (A2), L. plantarum + B. bifidum (A3) and L. plantarum + L. acidophilus + B. bifidum (A4)) and stored at low temperatures for 0, 7 and 14 days. The results showed that the best starter concentration was 3% with similar comparison among starters and the combinations of probiotic starter bacteria did not affect significantly moisture, protein, fat, ash contents, pH and titratable acidity of dadih at H-0 (before storage). The characteristics of dadih after storing for 14 days at low temperature showed that combinations of starter affected significantly pH and titratable acidity (P

Dadih Susu Sapi Hasil Fermentasi Berbagai Starter Bakteri Probiotik yang Disimpan pada Suhu Rendah: II. Karakteristik Fisik, Organoleptik dan Mikrobiologi E Taufik
Media Peternakan Vol. 28 No. 1 (2005): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (511.8 KB)

This research was conducted to investigate physical, organoleptical and microbiological characteristics of dadih from cow milk fermented with different combinations of probiotic starter bacteria and stored at low temperature. The concentration of starter used to make dadih was 3% with equal comparison between starters. The combinations of probiotic starter bacteria were (L. plantarum (A1), L. plantarum + L. acidophilus (A2), L. plantarum + B. bifidum (A3) and L. plantarum + L. acidophilus + B. bifidum (A4)) and stored at low temperatures (refrigerator) for 0, 7 and 14 days. The observed variables were viscosity, total lactic acid bacteria, total Bifidobacterium bifidum and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, taste and firmness). The result showed that combinations of probiotic starter bacteria did not affect significantly (P > 0.05) viscosity and total Bificobacterium bifidum of dadih at H-0 (before storage), but affect significantly (P < 0.05) total lactic acid bacteria. The characteristics of dadih during 14 days of storage in low temperature showed that combinations of starter did not significantly affect viscosity but storage time affect significantly (P < 0.05). Total Bificobacterium bifidum was not affected significantly by either starter combination or storage time.Total lactic acid bacteria was significantly affected (P < 0.05) by storage time and very significantly affected (P < 0.01) by starter combinations. A4 starter combination (L. plantarum + L. acidophilus + B. bifidum) has the most preference modus value for firmness, color, flavor and aroma according to panelist test result. Among those four organoleptic parameters, only aroma was affected significantly by starter combination. Key words: dadih, cow milk, probiotic, lactic acid bacteria, characteristic

Contamination Level of Staphylococcus spp. in Raw Goat Milk and Associated Risk Factors E Taufik; G Hildebrandt; J N Kleer; T I Wirjantoro; K Kreausukon; F H Pasaribu
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 3 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (168.097 KB)

This study was aimed to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in raw goat milk by using Staphylococcus spp. as indicator bacteria, and also to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with them. Information regarding potential risk factors was collected by questionnaire. The conventional bacteriological method for bacterial isolation and the indirect test (California Mastitis Test (CMT)) for determining udder inflammation status were employed. A sample size of 300 udder halves milk samples from three commercial dairy goat farms in the Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median value of indicator bacterial count from overall udder-half milk samples was 3.00 log cfu/ml. The indicator bacterial count from udder-half milk samples was significantly different (P < 0.05) among farms. Overall prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. was 78.7%. As one of potential risk factors, udder inflammation status was found to be risk factor for Staphylococcus spp. contamination in milk. Udders with inflammation had significant association and a higher chance of having contaminated samples by Staphylococcus spp. as compared to udders without inflammation. Additionally, according to these study results, CMT can be used as an effective, reliable, cheap and “farm and farmer friendly test" for screening test of intramammary infection (IMI) or sub clinical mastitis in dairy goats. Key words: goat milk, Staphylococcus spp., prevalence, risk factor, California Mastitis Test

Oligosaccharides in Milk: Their Benefits and Future Utilization T Urashima; E Taufik
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 3 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The percentage of carbohydrate in the milk/colostrum of the mammalian is range from trace to over 10%, of which disaccharide lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc) is usually constitutes the major part. Apart from the lactose (Gal(β1-4)Glc; Gal, D-galactose; Glc, D-glucose), the rest of carbohydrate components is composed of variety of sugars, commonly named as milk oligosaccharides. Human mature milk and colostrum contain 12 ~ 13 g/l and 22 ~ 24 g/l of oligosaccharides, respectively. In contrast, bovine colostrum contains more than 1 g/l oligosaccharides and this concentration rapidly decreases after 48 hr post partum. Most of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are resistant to digestion and absorption within the small intestine. Therefore they can reach the infant colon, where they can act as prebiotics that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as various species of Bifidobacterium. They can also act as receptor analogues that inhibit the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms to the infant's colonic mucosa. A small part of the milk oligosaccharides is absorbed intact into the circulation and it has been hypothesized that these may act as immunomodulators. Generally, the bovine milk oligosaccharides are believed not to be absorbed by human adults or infants, thus making them available to be utilized as prebiotics or anti-infection materials. The colostrum of cows and other domestic farm animals is a potential source of free oligosaccharides, and oligosaccharides isolated from these natural sources can be utilized as functional foods or animal feedstuffs on the industrial scale.

Microbiological Quality of Raw Goat Milk in Bogor, Indonesia E Taufik; G Hildebrandt; J N Kleer; T I Wirjantoro; K Kreausukon; K H Zessin; M P.O Baumann; F H Pasaribu
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 2 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Milk samples were investigated for counts and prevalence of indicator bacteria, which were TPC, coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS), and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). Ten potential risk factors were also evaluated in relation to the prevalence of indicator bacteria. The results showed that the median values of indicator bacterial counts from overall udder-half milk samples were 3.74, 0.70, 1.70, and 2.52 log cfu/ml and from bulk milk samples were 5.69, 2.98, 3.66 and 3.32 log cfu/ml for TPC, coliforms, CPS, and CNS, respectively. None of the median values of overall udder-half milk samples exceeded the maximum limit of the standards for all indicator bacteria. However, in the bulk milk samples only the median value of TPC below the maximum limit of the standards. Overall prevalence of coliforms, CPS and CNS from udder-half milk samples were 46.3%, 37.7%, and 66.0%, respectively, and from bulk milk samples were 86.7%, 76.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. Saanen crossbreed, fifth parity and udders with inflammation were found to be risk factors. This study results indicated that the hygienic practices in the dairy goat farms are still need to be increased. To increase the hygienic level of the milk, the identified significant risk factors must be controlled.

Survival Analysis of the Effect of Season at Calving, Lactation Number and Breeding on Days Open in Dairy Cattle at Khon Khaen Province, Thailand E Taufik; W Suriyasataphorn
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 13, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of season at calving, lactation number and breeding on days open (interval between calving and conception) in dairy cattle by using Cox proportional hazards model as a survival analysis method. The data were sampled from 143 cows at 6 farms located in Khon Kaen Province, North-Eastern Thailand and classified as farm identification (FID), cow identification (CID), calving date (CDA), date at last follow up (LAF), percentage of Holstein-Friesian (PHF), lactation number (LAN) and event of interest (1 = conception, 0 = not conception) (event). Time of days open was calculated by subtracting LAF by CDA and CDA was used to determine season of calving. The result showed that based on Kaplan-Meier survivorship percentiles, overall median days open of cattle were at 210, whereas median days open for the cow calved in summer was 231 and 204 for the cow calved in other season. Median days open for the cow calved with one lactation was 226 and 207 for the cow with two lactation and more. Median days open for the cow with percentage of Holstein-Friesian <75% was 211 and 206 for the cow with percentage of Holstein-Friesian >75%. The result from Cox proportional-hazard regression of days open for Khon Khaen dairy cows showed that cows that calved in rainy and winter had a greater chance of 1.28 times and 1.76 times, respectively, of becoming pregnant than those calved in summer, although the difference was insignificant and cows with lactation number two or more were marginally had 1.54 times chance to get pregnant compare to cows with one lactation number, even though this chance was not statistically significant (P = 0.1725), whereas cows with percentage of Holstein Friesian >75% had significantly greater chance 1.17 times more to get pregnant compare to those with percentage of Holstein Friesian <75%. Key Words: Survival Analysis, Cox Proportional Hazard Model, Dairy Cow, Days Open

Genetic Variants of Milk Protein Genes and Their Association with Milk Components in Holstein Friesian Cattle Santiananda Arta Asmarasari; Cece Sumantri; A Gunawan; E Taufik; Anneke Anggraeni
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 25, No 3 (2020): SEPTEMBER 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i3.2502

Protein content in milk is an important indicator of milk. Accordingly, genetic improvement to produce Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle is important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variant of milk protein genes and its effect on milk component traits of Holstein Friesian (HF). A total of 100 HF were used in this study. The HF cattle used have physiological status in the lactation period 1 up to 3 and lactation change of 1 up to 12 months. Genotype variants of milk protein genes were identified using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction method. Analysis of milk component was carried out covering the component of protein, fat, lactose, and solid non-fat (SNF) by using a milk quality measuring device (Lactoscan). Genotyping of cattle blood samples consisted of DNA extraction, genes amplification using the RT-PCR method. The result showed that protein milk was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN1S1-192 and CSN2-67 genes. Fat milk was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN1S1-192 and CSN3 genes. Meanwhile, solid non-fat milk was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN-BMC9215, CSN-BMC6334, CSN1S1-14618, CSN2_67, and CSN3 genes. Lactose milk was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN-BMC9215 and CSN2-67 genes. It was concluded that genetic variants of the milk protein genes have an association with the component of cow's milk (protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose).

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