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ARGUMENTASI IBN HAZM: DEKONSTRUKSI KEHUJJAHAN QIYAS SEBAGAI METODE PENETAPAN HUKUM ISLAM tohari, chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 13 No 1 (2016): Istinbath Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro

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Abstract

This research discuss about argumentation constructed by Ibn Hazmand his efforts to reject qiyas as a methodology for making decision of the Islamic jurisprudence. The purposes of this research fo find the answers of the questions below: Definition of qiyas and its legality in the opinion of muslim scholars; The rejection of Ibn Hazm to the qiyas as a methodology of ijtihad and his argumentations; and the description of Ibn Hazm’s logical reasoning in his ijtihad when he do not using qiyas as his method. The research is a library research with content analysis as analysis method. Its to collect several sources which is have connection with the theme of this research, then analysed qualitatively to get the answers for the formulated questions. The result of this research: First, qiyas is bring a unknown law to a known law, in order to establish the law for both, or to eliminate the law for both, caused by something unites both, wether it is legal or nature. The majority of muslim scholars agreed with the legality of qiyas. Second, the rejection Ibn Hazm to the qiyas is based on some verses of Qur’an and Hadith, beside that he reject also ijma’ shahaba as legal fondation of qiyas. Third, in his ijtihad, Ibn Hazm did not use qoyas as his method, but he use istishâb and logical analysis approuch to extract the law from the nash.
MAJALLAH AL-AHKÂM AL-ADLIYYAH (ANALISIS HISTORIS DAN KEDUDUKANNYA DALAM SISTEM TATA HUKUM TURKI MODERN) tohari, chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 14 No 1 (2017): Istinbath Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v14i1.736

Abstract

This research disscuss about several matters which connecting with the book of Majalla al-Ahkâm al-Adliyya as following: (1) History, system, and methods of Majalla compiling; (2) This research disscuss about several matters which connecting with the book of Majalla al-Ahkâm al-Adliyya as following: (1) History, system, and methods of Majalla compiling; (2) Critics to the Majalla book; and (3) The position of the Majalla in the law system of the modern Turkey. This research using two methods, its library research and the field research. The results of this research were: (1) The main background of the Majalla codification movement is a difficult situation to make a same desicion about the law of something by the opinion of muslim judges of the Ottoman empire. The system of the Majalla compiling consist of the technical terms in Islamic law, principles of ijtihad in Islamic law, Islamic law about muamalah (economy and transaction), and the jurisdiction law. The methods which is used in codification of Majalla is takhrij and tarjih to the most important of the Hanafi’s fiqh books. (2) Some critics made by the scholars of Islamic law to the Majalla, which is regard that the Majalla has been not achieving the standart as the sourch of privat law if it seen by the modern legislation theory. Another weakness of Majalla is it was only taken from Hanafi fiqh thought. (3) the position of Majalla book in the law system of the modern Turkey is as a spirit for implementation the newest of civil lae in Turkey, beside as the source of the informal law in the field of economy and transaction for the muslim sicuety in Turkey. Penelitian ini mengkaji beberapa hal berkaitan dengan kitab Majallah al-Ahkâm al-Adliyyah, yakni: (1) sejarah, sistem, metode penyusunan kitab majallah; (2) kritik terhadap kitab Majallah; dan (3) kedudukan kitab Majallah dalam sistem tata hukum Turki modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, library research atau penelitian pustaka dan field research, atau penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Kodifikasi kitab Majallah al-Ahkâm al-Adliyyah oleh pemerintahan Usmaniyah di Turki. dilatarbelakangi adanya kesulitan yang dialami para hakim dalam menemukan rujukan hukum yang dapat mempersatukan pendapat mereka tentang masalah yang sama. Sistematika penyusunan kitab Majallah terdiri dari pengertian istilah-istilah dalam hukum Islam, kaidah-kaidah penetapan hukum Islam, materi hukum, serta hukum peradilan atau ushul al-hukm. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan adalah metode takhrij dan tarjih terhadap kitab-kitab mu’tabarah mazhab Hanafi. (2) Beberapa kritikan muncul dari para ahli hukum Islam terhadap kitab Majallah, diantara kritikan tersebut adalah bahwa kitab Majallah tidak memenuhi standar sebagai Hukum Perdata jika dilihat berdasarkan teori perundang-undangan hukum modern. Kemelahan lainnya adalah sumber kitab Majallah yang hanya bersandar pada satu mazhab, yakni mazhab Hanafi. (3) Kedudukan kitab Majallah dalam sistem tata hukum Turki modern adalah sebagai spirit penerapan hukum perdata Turki, serta sebagai sumber hukum informal masyarakat muslim Turki dimana kitab Majallah berfungsi sebagai pedoman bermuamalah sehari-hari.
SISTEM KEWARISAN BILATERAL DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM tohari, chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 15 No 1 (2018): Istinbath Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v15i1.1094

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berawal dari adanya kontraversi di kalangan para ulama apakah pembagian harta waris secara kekeluargaan (bilateral) bertentangan dengan hukum Islam atau tidak. Karena itu penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada pemikiran Hazairin tentang konsep kewarisan bilateral, dimana konsep tersebut akan dilihat dari perspektif teori hukum Islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis comparative-inductive. Adapun poin permasalahan yang hendak dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, bagaimana konsep kewarisan bilateral sebagaimana yang digagas oleh Hazairin?; Kedua, bagaimana pandangan para ulama tentang pembagian kewarisan secara kekeluargaan (bilateral)?; dan Ketiga, bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam tentang konsep kewarisan bilateral tersebut? Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, konsep kewarisan bilateral menurut Hazairin adalah suatu konsep pembagian harta waris secara kekeluargaan dengan penentuan ahli warisnya dengan cara menarik garis keturunannya melalui dua jalur keturunan, yakni keturunan ayah maupun melalui keturunan ibunya. Kedua, para ulama berbeda pendapat tentang hukum pembagian kewarisan secara kekeluargaan (bilateral), kelompok yang satu menolak dan kelompok lainnya membolehkan. Dan ketiga, pembagian harta waris secara bilateral dalam pandangan penulis tidak bertentangan dengan Hukum Islam. ABSTRAC The beginning of this research is a presence of the controversy between muslim scholars about the question as is the heritance distribution held in a family atmosphere (bilaterally) abrogated by Islamic law or accepted? Depart from this problem the research focused to the Hazairin’s thought about the concept of bilateral inheritance law, the concept will be analyzed based on theory of Islamic law afterwards. The method used in this research a comparative-inductive analysis method. The main problems which will be investigated in this research are about: First, how is the concept of the bilaterally inheritance law in the Hazairin’s thought?; Second, how is opinions of the muslim scholars about it?; and Third, how is perspective of Islamic law about it? Among the result of this research are: First, the concept of the bilaterally inheritance law in the Hazairin’s thought is a law which it arrange about distribution of inheritance held in a family atmosphere (bilaterally) with taking some legal heir from two generation strip, it is generation strip from his/her father and mother without making a distinction among them; Second, the muslim scholars have been difference in opinion about tle law of bilaterally inheritance, one side reject it and other side o them accept it; and Third, the distribution of inheritance bilaterally have a base theoretically in the Islamic law based on researcher’s opinion. Keywords: Hukum Kewarisan Islam, Bilateral, Hukum Islam, Hak Makhluk
Otoritas Sahih Bukhari Sebagai Kitab Hadis Rujukan Dalam Hukum Islam Tohari, Chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 18 No 2 (2021): Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v18i2.3171

Abstract

The study discusses the authority of the traditions in the book of Sahih al-Bukhari, as one of the main sources of reference for hadith in establishing Islamic law after the Qur'an. This study is intended to answer questions about the authority of the Book of Sahih al-Bukhari in terms of historical perspectives, fiqh Qaida, and modern science. This research is library research that uses content analysis as a method of analyzing the data obtained. In addition, this study also uses comparative analysis to answer the problem of hadith authority in Sahih al-Bukhari when viewed from the perspective of Qaida fiqh. In this study, there are three important points, first, the book of Sahih al-Bukhari until now is known as the book of hadith with the highest level of validity compared to other hadith books. However, as a human creation, the book of Sahih al-Bukhari does not escape criticism from its readers, one of which is because Al-Bukhari is considered close to the authorities. Second, in Sahih al-Bukhari there are traditions whose editorials contradict higher texts, and modern science. Third, as a result of al-Bukhari's ijtihad in the field of the authenticity of hadith as well as in the field of fiqh, and his position is sometimes considered higher than other hadith books. The researcher argues that the criticism that states Imam Bukhari was close to the ruler is not appropriate, but the political influence in the writing process cannot be fanned, while regarding the conflict between the hadith texts in the book of Bukhari and the texts of the Qur'an, history, and science, it is necessary deeper study, then the book of Sahih al-Bukhari should be positioned on a par with other hadith books.