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FIQH AL-AQALLIYYÃT: FRAMEWORK IJTIHAD HUKUM ISLAM UNTUK MUSLIM MINORITAS Tohari, Chamim
JURNAL ISTINBATH Vol 11, No 2 (2014): Edisi September 2014
Publisher : STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro

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Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menemukan jawaban dari poin-poin rumusan yang menjadi lingkup kajian di antaranya tentang latar belakang munculnya fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th,makna etimologis, berikut pendiri dan tokoh-tokohnya, framework ijtihadnya, serta pembuktian atas legalitas fatwaÂ fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research atau text studies (studi dokumen/teks) dengan pendekatan analisis metodologis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; (1) Fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th diartikan sebagai pemahaman dan pengetahuan secara mendalam dan komprehensif terhadap hukum syarÃ®âah yang dikhususkan untuk umat Islam minoritas berdasarkan pertimbangan konteks sosial, zaman dan tempat. (2) metodologi ijtihad yang digunakan dalam fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th adalah qiyÃ¢s (deduction), maslahah al-mursalah (public interest not based on text) danâurf (custom), sedangkan prinsip-prinsip ijtihad yang digunakan mencakup prinsip maslahah (public interest), dharÃ»rah (necessity), dan taysÃ®r (making fiqh easy). Selain itu, ada dua pola ijtihad yang dikembangkan dalamÂ fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th, yaitu metode intiqÃ¢âÃ®, dan metode insyÃ¢âÃ®. (3) legalitas fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th dapat dibuktikan setidaknya melalui sudut pandang metodologis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah,Â fiqh al-aqalliyyÃ¢th merupakan perwujudan dari hukum Islam dengan sifatnya yang elastis sesuai dengan kemaslahatan yang dibutuhkan dalam konteks zaman, tempat, dan kondisinya.Â Keywords: Fiqh al-AqalliyyÃ¢t, Muslim Minoritas, MaqÃ¢shid al-SyarÃ®âah, Maslahah

Rekonstruksi Hukum Kewarisan Beda Agama Ditinjau dari Al-UshÅ«l Al-Khamsah Tohari, Chamim
Mazahib VOLUME 16, ISSUE 1, JUNE 2017
Publisher : IAIN Samarinda

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Islamic Inheritance Law is believed to be a law containing rules that are in line with public interest. Hence, only few Moslem scholars (ulamaâ€™) have conducted ijtihad on the topic in order to reform its rules and bring them pursuant to contemporary situation. Consequently, when there is a gap between the ideal of Islamic inheritance law (i.e. maslaha) and its application in the Islamic society, a rational ruling over the problem of inheritance division faced by Moslems becomes unavailable. Given this, it is necessary to re-interprete the textual sources of Islamic Inheritance Law, in order to come up new rules pursuant to the objective of syariâ€™ah. One of the pressing problems need to be resolved is about the status of Muslim heirs whose inherits from their non-Moslem family. This article thus discusses two main issues: first, what the opinions of Moslems scholars are about a Moslem who inherits from his/her non-Moslem family; and second, which opinion is the most relevant to the al-uá¹£hÅ«l al-khamsah. This article is doctrinal legal research which employs comparative and deductive analysis. It reveals that: (1) the Moslem scholars are devided into two groups of thought, the first group forbid a Moslem to inherit from his/her non-Moslem family, and the second group allow it; (2) the most relevant opinion to the objective of syari`ah is the second opinion. This is so because the admissibility of a Moslem to inherit from his/her non-Moslem fulfils the criteria of public interest of essential and complimentary level.Â Keywords: Islamic Inheritance law, interfaith inheritance law, istiá¹£lÄhi, al-uá¹£Å«l al-khamsah.Â Â

KONSEP HAK DALAM PEMIKIRAN FIQH HANAFIYAH SERTA TRANSFORMASINYA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA TURKI MODERN Tohari, Chamim
Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 6 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/ahkam.2018.6.1.54-83

ABSTRACTThis study disscuss the concept of right in the Hanafi’s fiqh books. The Hanafi’s thought was chosen as the object of this study because the discussion on thought of right is written more in the Hanafi’s literatures. The major problems which is discussed in this study are: (1) How is the concept of right and its application in the Hanafi’s fiqh school? (2) How is the relevance about the concept of right in the Hanafi’s school to the Turkish modern private law? This study is a library research with the content analysis method. The finding confirms that First, the terminology of right in the Hanafi’s fiqh school is more interpreted in the conection to the ownership of a property. In the Hanafi’s thought, the right is defined as a freedom or a special authority to use a thing according to the law. Then, the application ot the concept of right in the Hanafi school using several principles as (1) The application of concept of right cannot contradict to the Qur’an and Sunnah; (2) The utilization of right is permissible as long as it does not cause danger or loss to the owner and to the other; and (3) The utilization of right must be oriented to the benefit and avoid an invain and profuse by the owner. Second, the Turkish modern private law has a relevance with the Hanafi’s thought in relation to the right arrangements problem for its citizen. Based on several proofs which were discovered in this research, it can be concluded that the concept of right of the Hanafi’s thought had been transformed in the Turkish modern private law. The contribution which is expected from this study is the development of concept of right which may be applied to solve many contemporary problems in the field of Islamic economy.Keywords: Hak, Properti, Tasarruf, Fiqh Hanafiyah, Hukum.

FIQH KEINDONESIAAN: Transformasi Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Tata Hukum Di Indonesia Tohari, Chamim
Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol 15 No 2 (2015): Analisis : Jurnal Studi Keislaman
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/ajsk.v15i2.730

INDONESIAN JURISPRUDENCE: ISLAMIC LAW TRANSFORMATION IN LAW SYSTEM OF INDONESIA.: This study discusses about the idea of Islamic law renewal in Indonesia, as well as the figures, and it makes the term of Indonesian Jurisprudence and its formalization into the law system of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to find the answer of these following points: Firstly, the interpretation or definition of Indonesian Jurisprudence concept; secondly, the figures who proposed Indonesian Jurisprudence and the result of their thoughts; and the third, the formalization of Jurisprudence concept with Indonesian nuance in the law system Indonesia. This study was a library research with a content analysis method. The results of this study are: (1) Indonesian Jurisprudence could be interpreted as a Jurisprudence concept that is more Indonesian local-based; (2) Hasbi As-Shiddiqi and Hazairin are two figures who proposed Indonesian Jurisprudence model, apart from other intellectuals. Hasbi is one of modernists who offered his ideas comprehensively, started from his “Indonesian Jurisprudence” concept until the law renewal including its principle and method. Meanwhile Hazairin offered the development of a new heritage system which interpreted and elaborated based on Al-Qur’an scriptural perception and Sunnah which is not a patrilineal system but bilateral family model); and (3) formalization of Indonesian Jurisprudence concept produces some ordinance regulation products which are important formally and materially, such as Ordinance of Islamic Marriage Law, and also other rules under the Ordinance, such as Government Law, President Instruction, and Supreme Court Law, as well as Islamic Law Compilation and Sharia Economic Law Compilation

HIWALAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA UTANG PIUTANG: Studi Kasus di BTM Mulia Babat Lamongan Tohari, Chamim
Al-Maslahah : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 20, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah (Syari'ah Faculty )

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/al-maslahah.v20i2.3841

This study is motivated by the frequent occurrence of problems in financing contracts between customers and BTM Mulia Babat Lamongan, including unsustainable credit issues and defaults. As commonly believed, the emergence of a sharia-based economic system is expected to provide solutions to various economic challenges faced by the community. However, The existence of facts about the emergence of various problems in the implementation of hiwalah at BTM Mulia became the spark of the author's interest in conducting this research. This research aims to address the following questions: (1) What are the common issues arising from debt agreements at BTM Mulia? (2) How is the hiwalah contract implemented at BTM Mulia Babat as a solution to debt problems? (3) Does the implementation of the hiwalah contract at BTM Mulia Babat comply with Sharia Economic Law? This field research collects data directly from BTM Mulia and can be classified as empirical legal research. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a deductive framework, focusing on the legal actions (tasarruf) involved in the implementation of hiwalah contracts at BTM Mulia. The findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, common problems in hiwalah implementation include customers failing to fulfill their contractual obligations, resulting in payment arrears or defaults. These issues stem from two main factors: the customer's economic condition and the customer's or debt collector's character. To address these problems, BTM Mulia follows these steps: (1) conducting regular billing, (2) issuing warning letters (SP 1, 2, and 3) if billing is ignored, (3) engaging in deliberation with the customer if there is no response, and (4) seeking resolution through the Religious Court if necessary. Secondly, BTM Mulia Babat implements hiwalah financing contracts in accordance with the terms and pillars outlined in Sharia Economic Law, specifically using the hiwalah bil ujroh contract. Thirdly, the implementation of hiwalah financing agreements at BTM Mulia Babat generally aligns with Sharia Economic Law, indicating that the institution's practices are largely compliant with sharia principles.

PENERAPAN KONSEP MUSÃ‚QAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN PERKEBUNAN TIDAK BERBUAH (Studi Kasus Di Desa Prayungan Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro) tohari, chamim
Jurnal Justisia Ekonomika: Magister Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 3 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/justeko.v3i2.3945

AbstractÂ This study discuss about the application of the concept of musÃ¢qah in Islamic law to the management of plantations or trees that are not fruitful. What is meant by non-fruiting tree plantations are limited by teak and bamboo trees only. The chosen research location is Prayungan Village, Sumberrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency. Because in the village the practice of plantation cooperation is still practiced by residents. The questions problems that want to discovered its answers in this study include: (1) How is the concept of musÃ¢qah in Islamic law? And (2) How does the application of the concept of musÃ¢qah in the management of plantations not bear fruit in Prayungan Village, Sumberrejo Subdistrict, Bojonegoro Regency? This research is a field research, therefore, in obtaining data the author uses interviews and direct observation methods at the research location.The results of this study include: (1) MusÃ¢qah is a part of muamalah fiqh where in this transaction a garden owner enters into an agreement on the management of his estate with the cultivator of the garden as the person who is obliged to care for, maintain and maintain the garden to produce fruit for harvest, and yield harvest from the garden is divided between the owner and the cultivator in accordance with the conditions stated during the contract. If the garden that is kept in the form of a garden that does not bear fruit, then the provisions for the production are determined based on the contract agreed by the two parties between the owner of the garden and the manager of the garden. (2) When viewed based on Islamic law, the practice of plantation cooperation carried out by Prayungan villagers regarding the maintenance of teak trees and bamboo trees is in line with the concept of musÃ¢qah in Islamic law.Â Keywords: MusÃ¢qah, Teak, Bamboo, Wages, Profit Sharing.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMBELI HAK ATAS TANAH BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI SECARA BERTINGKAT OLEH NOTARIS MENURUT PRINSIP-PRINSIP EKONOMI SYARIAH saprutro, troy permata; tohari, chamim
Jurnal Justisia Ekonomika: Magister Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 4 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/justeko.v4i2.6867

The agreement of a transaction is a prelimenary agreement before the main agreement (AJB) done in front of the PPAT. PPJB often causes a problem when the right of the land is treated as a commodity by the seller and it is not registered its changes in Agrarian Office. The registration may be done after the right of the land is changed into the lastest buyer.The approach of this researchÂ uses the approach of laws and the conceptual approach. The result of the analysis is concluded as the law protection of the latest buyer in accord with Government RegulationsÂ No. 24 of 1997 about the land registration, so that the Notary in maing PPJB has an obligation to pay attention to the principles of caution and the risks because ofÂ law concerning the document of the buyer.Key wordsÂ : Agreement of transaction;Â document of transaction;Â the right of the land and the building.Â

PEMANFAATAN TANAH NON-SERTIFIKASI MENURUT HUKUM PERJANJIAN BARAT & ISLAM (Studi Kasus Rencana Pemanfaatan Tanah oleh PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia dengan Pemerintah Desa Sawir, Kecamatan Tambakboyo, Kabupaten Tuban) nugraha, ario patra; tohari, chamim
Jurnal Justisia Ekonomika: Magister Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 5 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/justeko.v5i1.8767

This research discusses about the status of land rights whose ownership has been not clear yet, which is the object of cooperation in utilization between the Sawir Village Government and PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk, according to the laws and principles in force in Indonesia. The problems that will be answered in this study include: (1) What is the status of land rights that are used as objects of utilization between the Sawir Village Government and PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk? (2) How is the land use cooperation between Sawir Village Government and PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk according to Western and Islamic Covenant Law? This type of research is a qualitative research, while the approach used is an empirical juridical approach, namely legal research that functions to see the laws that apply in the community. The results of this research are: (1) According to the Sawir Village Government, the land belongs to the Village Government as evidenced by the existence of a field map in the village C book. Meanwhile, according to the Tuban Regency Government, the Tuban Regency National Land Agency, and PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk, the land ownership is not registered and cannot be claimed as an asset of Sawir Village. According to Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles article 19 paragraph 1, the land cannot be referred to as land belonging to Sawir Village until the certification is completed on behalf of the village. And to get the ownership certificate, the Sawir Village Government must register or submit an application for ownership of the land to the National Land Agency of Tuban Regency. (2) According to the Islamic Covenant Law, the status of the land does not meet the requirements as an object of the agreement. This is because the land has not been legally proven to be owned by the Sawir Village Government. Whereas one of the main requirements for the validity of an agreement is that the object of the agreement must be legally owned by one of the parties who entered into the agreement.Keywords: Utilization, Non-Certified Land, Covenant Law, Customary Rights

ARGUMENTASI IBN HAZM: DEKONSTRUKSI KEHUJJAHAN QIYAS SEBAGAI METODE PENETAPAN HUKUM ISLAM tohari, chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 13 No 1 (2016): Istinbath Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

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This research discuss about argumentation constructed by Ibn Hazmand his efforts to reject qiyas as a methodology for making decision of the Islamic jurisprudence. The purposes of this research fo find the answers of the questions below: Definition of qiyas and its legality in the opinion of muslim scholars; The rejection of Ibn Hazm to the qiyas as a methodology of ijtihad and his argumentations; and the description of Ibn Hazm’s logical reasoning in his ijtihad when he do not using qiyas as his method. The research is a library research with content analysis as analysis method. Its to collect several sources which is have connection with the theme of this research, then analysed qualitatively to get the answers for the formulated questions. The result of this research: First, qiyas is bring a unknown law to a known law, in order to establish the law for both, or to eliminate the law for both, caused by something unites both, wether it is legal or nature. The majority of muslim scholars agreed with the legality of qiyas. Second, the rejection Ibn Hazm to the qiyas is based on some verses of Qur’an and Hadith, beside that he reject also ijma’ shahaba as legal fondation of qiyas. Third, in his ijtihad, Ibn Hazm did not use qoyas as his method, but he use istishâb and logical analysis approuch to extract the law from the nash.

MAJALLAH AL-AHKÂM AL-ADLIYYAH (ANALISIS HISTORIS DAN KEDUDUKANNYA DALAM SISTEM TATA HUKUM TURKI MODERN) tohari, chamim
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 14 No 1 (2017): Istinbath Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v14i1.736

This research disscuss about several matters which connecting with the book of Majalla al-Ahkâm al-Adliyya as following: (1) History, system, and methods of Majalla compiling; (2) This research disscuss about several matters which connecting with the book of Majalla al-Ahkâm al-Adliyya as following: (1) History, system, and methods of Majalla compiling; (2) Critics to the Majalla book; and (3) The position of the Majalla in the law system of the modern Turkey. This research using two methods, its library research and the field research. The results of this research were: (1) The main background of the Majalla codification movement is a difficult situation to make a same desicion about the law of something by the opinion of muslim judges of the Ottoman empire. The system of the Majalla compiling consist of the technical terms in Islamic law, principles of ijtihad in Islamic law, Islamic law about muamalah (economy and transaction), and the jurisdiction law. The methods which is used in codification of Majalla is takhrij and tarjih to the most important of the Hanafi’s fiqh books. (2) Some critics made by the scholars of Islamic law to the Majalla, which is regard that the Majalla has been not achieving the standart as the sourch of privat law if it seen by the modern legislation theory. Another weakness of Majalla is it was only taken from Hanafi fiqh thought. (3) the position of Majalla book in the law system of the modern Turkey is as a spirit for implementation the newest of civil lae in Turkey, beside as the source of the informal law in the field of economy and transaction for the muslim sicuety in Turkey. Penelitian ini mengkaji beberapa hal berkaitan dengan kitab Majallah al-Ahkâm al-Adliyyah, yakni: (1) sejarah, sistem, metode penyusunan kitab majallah; (2) kritik terhadap kitab Majallah; dan (3) kedudukan kitab Majallah dalam sistem tata hukum Turki modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, library research atau penelitian pustaka dan field research, atau penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Kodifikasi kitab Majallah al-Ahkâm al-Adliyyah oleh pemerintahan Usmaniyah di Turki. dilatarbelakangi adanya kesulitan yang dialami para hakim dalam menemukan rujukan hukum yang dapat mempersatukan pendapat mereka tentang masalah yang sama. Sistematika penyusunan kitab Majallah terdiri dari pengertian istilah-istilah dalam hukum Islam, kaidah-kaidah penetapan hukum Islam, materi hukum, serta hukum peradilan atau ushul al-hukm. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan adalah metode takhrij dan tarjih terhadap kitab-kitab mu’tabarah mazhab Hanafi. (2) Beberapa kritikan muncul dari para ahli hukum Islam terhadap kitab Majallah, diantara kritikan tersebut adalah bahwa kitab Majallah tidak memenuhi standar sebagai Hukum Perdata jika dilihat berdasarkan teori perundang-undangan hukum modern. Kemelahan lainnya adalah sumber kitab Majallah yang hanya bersandar pada satu mazhab, yakni mazhab Hanafi. (3) Kedudukan kitab Majallah dalam sistem tata hukum Turki modern adalah sebagai spirit penerapan hukum perdata Turki, serta sebagai sumber hukum informal masyarakat muslim Turki dimana kitab Majallah berfungsi sebagai pedoman bermuamalah sehari-hari.

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