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PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI Seri Maulina, M Hidayat Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.

PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) MELALUI REAKSI OKSIDASI ASAM NITRAT Yos Pawer Ambarita; Iloan Pandang H M; Seri Maulina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 4 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula H2C2O4 which has a wide range of applications in industry. Oxalic acid can be used as fiber bleaching agents, reagents in chemical analysis, and also used in mineral purification of metals. This study aims to determine the effects of temperature and reaction time to quantity and quality of oxalic acid produced by nitric acid oxidation from palm frond powder. The method used for the manufacture of oxalic acid in this study is oxidation method. In this method palm frond powder will be reacted with nitric acid 40 % in the ratio 1: 6 (w/v) at temperature 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 °C and reaction time 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes, thus obtained oxalic acid. The research was conducted in several stages: oxidation reaction stage, filtration, precipitation with CaCl2, acidification with H2SO4 and efflorescence. Oxalic acid product quality analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Plate Melting Point Apparatus. The maksimum yield of oxalic acid was about 23.20 % which obtained at 80 °C and at reaction time 50 minutes.

PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) DENGAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA Iloan Pandang H M; Yos Pawer Ambarita; Seri Maulina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Palm frond is the solid waste which is high in cellulose. Further processing of palm frond is capable of producing high quality product such as oxalic acid. The aim of this research was to obtain the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and reaction time on the yield of oxalic acid produced with palm frond as raw material. This study was done with two steps. The first step was the preparation of palm frond until it was ready to be used. The second step was the conversion step which consists of fusion, filtration and crystallization. Oxalic acid produced was then analyzed with quantitative analysis of yield percentage and qualitative analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and plat melting point apparatus. The result showed that the maximum yield of oxalic acid was achieved at Ca(OH)2 concentration of 3.5 N and reaction time of 60 minutes, the value was 6.07 % based on weight of palm frond. The qualitative analysis showed that the vibration of functional groups had approached the standard oxalic acid with the melting point was 106.2 oC.

PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI Seri Maulina; M Hidayat Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 5 No. 3 (2016): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.

PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT Seri Maulina; Feni Sari Putri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 6 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Palm plantation produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.

KARAKTERISTIK KARBON AKTIF DARI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AKTIVATOR NATRIUM KARBONAT (Na2CO3) DAN NATRIUM KLORIDA (NaCl) Gewa Handika; Seri Maulina; Vidyanova Anggun Mentari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Oil palm tree can produce 22 oil palm frond / year, the average weight of frond per rod reaches 2.2 kg, so that each hectare can produce fresh frond about 9 tons / year or equivalent to 1.64 tons / year of dry matter. Activated carbon can be used as a good absorbent agent for gas purification process and removal of organic pollutants from water, such as in liquid waste. The objective of this paper is to know the different characteristics of activated carbon from oil palm frond (elaeis guineensis jacq) as raw material with variation of activator sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The activator concentration used is 10% each with an activation temperature of 600 ° C. The quality of activated carbons was analyzed by surface active carbon morphology and FTIR spectra analysis on activated carbon. The result of identification with FTIR spectrophotometer showed that the activated carbon in this study contained the functional groups of O-H, C = O, C = C, C-C, and C-H.

PERBANDINGAN GUGUS FUNGSI DAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) DAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3) Vidyanova Anggun Mentari; Gewa Handika; Seri Maulina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Indonesia is one of the biggest producent of palm oil in the world. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), on 2016 wide of the palm oil estate in Indonesia is 11.672.861 Ha. The waste of palm oil plantations so many and isn’t used optimal, for the example is oil palm frond. Oil palm frond is one of the wet of waste with the number of production as much as 19.143.492 ton on 2016. This research will discuss the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. This research purpose to know the comparison of functional group and surface morphology activated carbon of oil palm frond with use H3PO4 and HNO3 as an activator. The method includes impregnation, carbonization, and washing process. The concentration of activator is 20% with 400 oC activation temperature. This research is used morphology surface activated carbon analysis with SEM and FTIR spectrophotometer. The result of analysis with SEM show there is pore formed on activated carbon and the indentification with spechtrophotometer FTIR shows that activated carbon is contain of functional group are C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2and C-H.

PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FENOL PADA ASAP CAIR Seri Maulina; Nurtahara; Fakhradila
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Palm midrib is a waste in oil palm plantations that containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds. Palm midrib pyrolysis will produce phenol derived from lignin. The purpose of this study was to obtain phenol compounds as a function of time and temperature. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with variation of pyrolysis time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The analysis was performed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The content of phenol compounds in liquid smoke increases with the rise of temperature and pyrolysis time. The highest total phenol content in liquid smoke was obtained at 600 °C for 90 minutes pyrolysis, which was 17.966%.

HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KARBON TERSULFONASI BERBASIS CANGKANG KEMIRI Dian Halimah Batubara; Taslim; Seri Maulina; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) contains cellulose which is convertible to glucose through hydrolysis by using inorganic liquid acid catalyst. However, the use of such catalyst leads to corrosion problem, environment pollution, and complex separation. To overcome this problem, a sulfonated carbon catalyst was proposed. This study aimed to evaluate candlenut shell as carbon source for catalyst support in sulfonated carbon catalyst, and its application in cellulose hydrolysis. Candlenut shell was carbonized at 300-550oC for 4 h. Resulting carbon was sulfonated at 120-150oC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was assessed for its H+ capacity/acidity. The carbon with highest acidity was applied as solid acid catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis. Resulting glucose was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results suggest that sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis.

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra) Seri Maulina; Fakhradila; Nurtahara
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The purpose of this study was to determine the best of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content, and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

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