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All Journal ComEngApp : Computer Engineering and Applications Journal Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Sistemasi: Jurnal Sistem Informasi Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering Jurnal Generic ABDIKOM
Huda Ubaya
Sriwijaya University
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Social Sciences Other

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Optimizing K-Means Clustering Parameters for Mapping Smart Contract Transaction Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Metrics in the IOTA Ecosystem Ubaya, Huda; Stiawan, Deris; Suprapto, Bhakti Yudho; Ekaputra, Rivaldi Febrian; Afifah, Nurul; Ningrum, Septiani Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 14, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v14i1.7741

Abstract

Smart contracts are already a major development in digital transaction automation thanks to blockchain technology, but their operational efficiency is still greatly impacted by resource consumption, transaction success rates, and gas cost dynamics. This study aims to optimize the K-Means Clustering algorithm's parameters in order to map the characteristics of smart contract transactions in the IOTA ecosystem and provide thorough insights into the efficiency of gas allocation. Using a massive dataset of 566,303 empirical transactions from the IOTA Tangle, three key metrics the Silhouette Coefficient, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski-Harabasz Index were compared to verify the quality of the clustering. With a Silhouette Coefficient value of 0.9851, Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.4622, and Calinski-Harabasz Index of 741,423.92, quantitative evaluation results demonstrate that the 3- cluster structure performs better than two clusters. These results validate the 3-cluster model's ability to more accurately divide transactions into categories that are efficient, complex, and gas-inefficient. The results of this mapping can serve as the foundation for creating an automated recommendation system for optimizing transaction costs in decentralized networks. This study shows that the Gas Limit and Gas Consumed indicators are crucial predictors of transaction efficiency.
Co-Authors -, Abdurahman - Adi Hermansyah, Adi Aditya Putra Perdana Prasetyo Ahmad Rifai Ahmad Zarkasi Almuqsit, Alif Asvi, M. Fauzi Bhakti Yudho Suprapto Dedy Kurniawan Deris Stiawan Ekaputra, Rivaldi Febrian Fadli Isnanto, Rahmat Fitriyanto, Megi Haidar, Rosali Hanif, Labiq Al Hanifah, Izzati Millah Heriyanto, Ahmad Kemahyanto Exaudi Mileandira, Leviarta Muhammad Afif Ningrum, Septiani Kusuma Osvari Arsalan P.P Prasetyo, Aditya Perdani, Tharisa Antya Purwita Sari, Purwita Rahmat Fadli Isnanto Rizki Kurniati Rossi Passarella Sarmayanta Sembiring Siti Nurmaini Sutarno Sutarno Y. A. P, Kadek Dwivayana