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All Journal JURNAL METEOROLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika
Muzli Muzli
Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)
Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Physics

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PENGUKURAN VS30 MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASW UNTUK WILAYAH YOGYAKARTA Muzli Muzli; R. Pandhu Mahesworo; R. Madijono; Siswoyo Siswoyo; K.R. Dewi; Budiarta Budiarta; O. Sativa; B. Sulistyo; R. Swastikarani; N. Oktavia; Moehajirin Moehajirin; N. Efendi; T.A. Wijaya; B. Subadyo; Mujianto Mujianto; Suwarto Suwarto; S. Pramono
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 17, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4690.755 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i1.374

Abstract

Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah yang aktif gempabumi di Indonesia. Sumber gempabumi dapat berasal dari patahan lokal Opak di bagian timur ataupun zona subduksi pada bagian selatan Yogyakarta. Pembuatan peta mikrozonasi gempa sangat dibutuhkan untuk pertimbangan pembangunan infrastruktur atau bangunan yang tahan terhadap gempabumi. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak resiko yang mungkin ditimbulkan. Pada pertengahan tahun 2014 telah dilakukan pengukuran kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs30) di wilayah Yogyakarta khususnya wilayah Kabupaten Bantul dan Sleman. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap 55 titik yang menyebar pada dua wilayah Kabupaten tersebut dengan jarak antar titik sekitar 1 sampai 5 km. Vs30 merupakan salah satu parameter yang digunakan dalam peta mikrozonasi. Pengukuran Vs30 dengan metode Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) menggunakan 24 geofon komponen vertikal dengan frekuensi 4.5 Hz. Nilai Vs30 memberikan informasi klasifikasi tanah permukaan sampai pada kedalaman 30 meter. Hasil interpretasi nilai Vs30 menunjukkan bahwa pusat kota yaitu Kotamadya Yogyakarta memiliki resiko amplifikasi gelombang yang relatif besar dengan nilai Vs30 berkisar antara 115-175 m/s. Pembangunan di wilayah ini sangat disarankan untuk memperhatikan aturan yang memenuhi standard sesuai rujukan SNI 1726-2012. Pada sisi lain, wilayah yang memiliki tanah permukaan klasifikasi padat dengan nilai rata-rata Vs30 antara 350-480 m/s adalah Kecamatan Kretek, Sanden, Pandak dan Bambanglipuro. Wilayah ini memiliki potensi untuk pelemahan atau atenuasi gelombang sehingga resiko kerusakan akibat gempabumi relatif lebih kecil. Yogyakarta region is one of a seismically active region in Indonesia. Earthquake source can be generated from a local fault Opak in the eastern or subduction zone in the southern part of Yogyakarta. Map of seismic microzonation is needed for infrastructure development considerations or buildings resistant to earthquakes. The use of this map is expected to reduce the impact of risks that may be posed. In mid-2014 measurements of shear wave velocity (Vs30) in Yogyakarta has been carried out, especially in the districts of Bantul and Sleman. Measurements were made on the 55 points spread in the two districts with the distance between the points is 1 to 5 km apart. Vs30 is one of the parameters used in the microzonation maps. Vs30 measurements using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method. It is acquired using 24 geophones of the vertical component with the frequency of 4.5 Hz. The values provide information of the classification of the soil surface to a depth of 30 meters. Results and interpretation of Vs30 value indicates that the city center of Yogyakarta has intermediate risk with relatively large possibility of seismic wave amplification with the values of Vs30 ranging between 115-175 m/s. The Building Construction in this region are strongly recommended to follow the regulation or building code of SNI 1726-2012. Whereas the region which has a solid surface soil classification with the average Vs30 values between 350-480 m/s is the districts of Kretek, Sanden, Pandak and Bambanglipuro. This region could potentially attenuate the seismic wave, hence they have relatively low risk for the damages due to strong earthquakes.
STUDI AWAL PENYUSUNAN SKALA INTENSITAS GEMPABUMI BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA Muzli Muzli; Masturyono Masturyono; Jaya Murjaya; Mochammad Riyadi
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 17, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (19016.177 KB) | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i2.440

Abstract

Untuk mengukur dampak gempabumi terhadap infrastruktur dan kondisi lainnya selama ini Indonesia menggunakan skala intensitas gempabumi menurut Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). Skala ini cukup kompleks dengan dua belas tingkatan dan kondisi bangunan yang ada sekarang sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi saat skala tersebut diperkenalkan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya skala intensitas gempabumi yang lebih sederhana, mudah dipahami dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi infrastruktur yang ada saat ini di Indonesia dengan tetap mengacu pada nilai parameter ilmiah lainnya. Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika menggagas penyusunan skala intensitas gempabumi BMKG (SIG-BMKG) dengan skala I-V. Dengan mempunyai lima skala ini, SIG-BMKG menjadi lebih sederhana dan mudah dipahami masyarakat serta tetap mengakomodir keterangan dampak yang ditimbulkan gempabumi dan parameter saintifik lainnya. Perbandingan penggunaaan skala intensitas MMI dan SIG-BMKG terhadap beberapa kasus gempabumi yaitu gempabumi Sorong tanggal 24 September 2015 dengan magnitudo 6,8, Gempabumi Sumbawa Barat tanggal 12 Februari 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6 dan Gempabumi Painan, Sumatera Barat tanggal 2 Juni 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6, menunjukkan bahwa SIG-BMKG dapat diimplementasikan dengan relatif lebih mudah dan akurat dibandingkan dengan skala MMI. In order to measure the impact of a strong earthquake, the intensity scale is normally used. Up to now Indonesia uses the scale of Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). The MMI scale is relatively complicated with the twelve levels and the current development of modern building design is not suitable anymore for the scale as it was introduced for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to have a universal but simple intensity scale, easy to be implemented and suitable for current typical buildings but also reflects the scientific parameters. Indonesia as one of the countries which is very prone of significant or destructive earthquakes, should have a new and more representative intensity scale which is suitable for the typical buildings in Indonesia. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) proposes the scale of intensity i.e. the Earthquake Intensity Scale of BMKG (SIG-BMKG) with the scales from I to V. With these five scales, SIG-BMKG is much simple and easier to be used but could describe most of typical impacts. The comparison of MMI and SIG-BMKG scales to several cases of significant earthquakes is implemented for the 2015, Mw 6.8 Sorong earthquake, the 2016, Mw 6.6 Sumbawa Barat earthquake and the 2016, Mw 6.6 Painan, West Sumatra earthquake. The results show that the SIG-BMKG scale can be implemented relatively easier with better accuracy than MMI scale.
HUBUNGAN KECEPATAN RELATIF PERGERAKAN LEMPENG DENGAN TINGKAT SEISMISITAS DI ZONA SUBDUKSI Muzli Muzli
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 15, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v15i3.220

Abstract

Perbedaan tingkat aktifitas gempabumi tektonik di zona subduksi dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu faktornya diduga akibat adanya pengaruh dari kecepatan relatif pergerakan lempeng. Studi terhadap hubungan antara kecepatan gerak lempeng dengan seismisitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan data gempabumi dan kecepatan relatif pergerakan lempeng pada beberapa zona subduksi di dunia. Jumlah data gempabumi diplot sebagai fungsi dari kecepatan relatif pergerakan lempeng. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat seismisitas gempabumi di zona subduksi dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan relatif pergerakan lempeng. Kedua parameter menunjukkan hubungan linear yang sangat baik dengan koefisien korelasi 0,98. Secara fisis hal ini menegaskan bahwa hukum kekekalan energi berlaku pada proses pergerakan lempeng di zona subduksi, dimana energi gerak lempeng berubah ke dalam bentuk pelepasan energi berupa gempabumi. Hasil studi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa jumlah gempabumi dengan magnitudo lebih besar dari 4 dan kedalaman lebih kecil dari 60 km dapat dihitung secara teoritis dengan menggunakan rumusan empiris. Subduction zones are seismically the most active areas around the world. However, the seismicity rate among subduction zones is different. This can be caused by many reasons. One of them expected to be influenced by the relative plate velocity. Analysis of correlation between relative plate velocities and seismicity rate around subduction zones in the world has been done in this study. The correlation was analyzed by plotting the number of earthquake events as a function of relative plate velocities. The results show that the seismicity rate is linearly influenced by relative plate velocities with the correlation coefficient of 0,98. Physically it is asserted that the law of conservation of energy applies to the movement of the plates in subduction zones, where plate motion changed to energy in the form of energy release of earthquakes. The results of this study also showed that the number of earthquake events with a magnitude greater than 4 and depth less than 60 km follows our empirical equation.
PENGUKURAN VS30 MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASW UNTUK WILAYAH YOGYAKARTA Muzli Muzli; R. Pandhu Mahesworo; R. Madijono; Siswoyo Siswoyo; K.R. Dewi; Budiarta Budiarta; O. Sativa; B. Sulistyo; R. Swastikarani; N. Oktavia; Moehajirin Moehajirin; N. Efendi; T.A. Wijaya; B. Subadyo; Mujianto Mujianto; Suwarto Suwarto; S. Pramono
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i1.374

Abstract

Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu wilayah yang aktif gempabumi di Indonesia. Sumber gempabumi dapat berasal dari patahan lokal Opak di bagian timur ataupun zona subduksi pada bagian selatan Yogyakarta. Pembuatan peta mikrozonasi gempa sangat dibutuhkan untuk pertimbangan pembangunan infrastruktur atau bangunan yang tahan terhadap gempabumi. Upaya tersebut diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak resiko yang mungkin ditimbulkan. Pada pertengahan tahun 2014 telah dilakukan pengukuran kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs30) di wilayah Yogyakarta khususnya wilayah Kabupaten Bantul dan Sleman. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap 55 titik yang menyebar pada dua wilayah Kabupaten tersebut dengan jarak antar titik sekitar 1 sampai 5 km. Vs30 merupakan salah satu parameter yang digunakan dalam peta mikrozonasi. Pengukuran Vs30 dengan metode Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) menggunakan 24 geofon komponen vertikal dengan frekuensi 4.5 Hz. Nilai Vs30 memberikan informasi klasifikasi tanah permukaan sampai pada kedalaman 30 meter. Hasil interpretasi nilai Vs30 menunjukkan bahwa pusat kota yaitu Kotamadya Yogyakarta memiliki resiko amplifikasi gelombang yang relatif besar dengan nilai Vs30 berkisar antara 115-175 m/s. Pembangunan di wilayah ini sangat disarankan untuk memperhatikan aturan yang memenuhi standard sesuai rujukan SNI 1726-2012. Pada sisi lain, wilayah yang memiliki tanah permukaan klasifikasi padat dengan nilai rata-rata Vs30 antara 350-480 m/s adalah Kecamatan Kretek, Sanden, Pandak dan Bambanglipuro. Wilayah ini memiliki potensi untuk pelemahan atau atenuasi gelombang sehingga resiko kerusakan akibat gempabumi relatif lebih kecil. Yogyakarta region is one of a seismically active region in Indonesia. Earthquake source can be generated from a local fault Opak in the eastern or subduction zone in the southern part of Yogyakarta. Map of seismic microzonation is needed for infrastructure development considerations or buildings resistant to earthquakes. The use of this map is expected to reduce the impact of risks that may be posed. In mid-2014 measurements of shear wave velocity (Vs30) in Yogyakarta has been carried out, especially in the districts of Bantul and Sleman. Measurements were made on the 55 points spread in the two districts with the distance between the points is 1 to 5 km apart. Vs30 is one of the parameters used in the microzonation maps. Vs30 measurements using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method. It is acquired using 24 geophones of the vertical component with the frequency of 4.5 Hz. The values provide information of the classification of the soil surface to a depth of 30 meters. Results and interpretation of Vs30 value indicates that the city center of Yogyakarta has intermediate risk with relatively large possibility of seismic wave amplification with the values of Vs30 ranging between 115-175 m/s. The Building Construction in this region are strongly recommended to follow the regulation or building code of SNI 1726-2012. Whereas the region which has a solid surface soil classification with the average Vs30 values between 350-480 m/s is the districts of Kretek, Sanden, Pandak and Bambanglipuro. This region could potentially attenuate the seismic wave, hence they have relatively low risk for the damages due to strong earthquakes.
STUDI AWAL PENYUSUNAN SKALA INTENSITAS GEMPABUMI BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA Muzli Muzli; Masturyono Masturyono; Jaya Murjaya; Mochammad Riyadi
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v17i2.440

Abstract

Untuk mengukur dampak gempabumi terhadap infrastruktur dan kondisi lainnya selama ini Indonesia menggunakan skala intensitas gempabumi menurut Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). Skala ini cukup kompleks dengan dua belas tingkatan dan kondisi bangunan yang ada sekarang sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi saat skala tersebut diperkenalkan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya skala intensitas gempabumi yang lebih sederhana, mudah dipahami dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi infrastruktur yang ada saat ini di Indonesia dengan tetap mengacu pada nilai parameter ilmiah lainnya. Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika menggagas penyusunan skala intensitas gempabumi BMKG (SIG-BMKG) dengan skala I-V. Dengan mempunyai lima skala ini, SIG-BMKG menjadi lebih sederhana dan mudah dipahami masyarakat serta tetap mengakomodir keterangan dampak yang ditimbulkan gempabumi dan parameter saintifik lainnya. Perbandingan penggunaaan skala intensitas MMI dan SIG-BMKG terhadap beberapa kasus gempabumi yaitu gempabumi Sorong tanggal 24 September 2015 dengan magnitudo 6,8, Gempabumi Sumbawa Barat tanggal 12 Februari 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6 dan Gempabumi Painan, Sumatera Barat tanggal 2 Juni 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6, menunjukkan bahwa SIG-BMKG dapat diimplementasikan dengan relatif lebih mudah dan akurat dibandingkan dengan skala MMI. In order to measure the impact of a strong earthquake, the intensity scale is normally used. Up to now Indonesia uses the scale of Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). The MMI scale is relatively complicated with the twelve levels and the current development of modern building design is not suitable anymore for the scale as it was introduced for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to have a universal but simple intensity scale, easy to be implemented and suitable for current typical buildings but also reflects the scientific parameters. Indonesia as one of the countries which is very prone of significant or destructive earthquakes, should have a new and more representative intensity scale which is suitable for the typical buildings in Indonesia. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) proposes the scale of intensity i.e. the Earthquake Intensity Scale of BMKG (SIG-BMKG) with the scales from I to V. With these five scales, SIG-BMKG is much simple and easier to be used but could describe most of typical impacts. The comparison of MMI and SIG-BMKG scales to several cases of significant earthquakes is implemented for the 2015, Mw 6.8 Sorong earthquake, the 2016, Mw 6.6 Sumbawa Barat earthquake and the 2016, Mw 6.6 Painan, West Sumatra earthquake. The results show that the SIG-BMKG scale can be implemented relatively easier with better accuracy than MMI scale.
Machine Learning-based Ground Motion Prediction Models for Indonesia: A Performance Evaluation of XGBoost and Random Forest Against Conventional GMPE Rayhan Irfan Hielmy; Edy Santoso; Muzli Muzli; Sigit Pramono; Setyoajie Prayoedhie
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v27i1.1233

Abstract

Accurate ground motion prediction is critical for seismic hazard mitigation in Indonesia, a region characterized by complex tectonic settings. Conventional Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) often struggle to capture the non-linear attenuation characteristics of local seismicity. This study develops national-scale Machine Learning (ML) models—specifically XGBoost and Random Forest (RF)—to predict Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and benchmarks them against the widely used Zhao et al. [23] model. The dataset comprises 20,287 strong-motion records from 1,573 events (M 1.6–7.9) recorded by 667 stations across Indonesia between January 2023 and April 2025. Performance evaluation reveals that the XGBoost model outperforms both RF and the conventional GMPE, achieving the lowest Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.8885. In contrast, the conventional model showed less reliability with a significantly higher MSE of 1.5905. Feature importance analysis indicates that hypocentral distance and magnitude are the dominant predictors, while site condition (Vs30) plays a secondary role. Validation on independent test sets and recent significant seismic events confirms the model's robust generalization capability compared to conventional approaches. These findings demonstrate that ML-based approaches provide a more reliable alternative for estimating ground motion in Indonesia, offering significant potential for improving early warning systems and hazard maps.
Development of Regional Empirical Models Using Initial P-Wave Parameters (Pd and Td) to Support Earthquake Early Warning Systems in the Padang Region, West Sumatra Nida Nur Faiza; Wandono Wandono; Muzli Muzli
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31172/jmg.v27i1.1232

Abstract

Padang, West Sumatra, has high seismic activity due to the subduction zone beneath western Sumatra. This tectonic activity has the potential to cause major earthquakes with significant impacts, as seen in the 2009 Padang Earthquake. To minimize this risk, earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) have been developed to provide alerts before the arrival of destructive seismic waves. However, empirical relationships used in EEWS are influenced by regional tectonic and geological characteristics, making region-specific models essential for reliable rapid earthquake parameter estimation. This study develops regional empirical relationships to support rapid earthquake parameter estimation for EEWS in the West Sumatra region by analysing the first three seconds of the P-wave signal, namely peak displacement (Pd) and predominant period (Td), using broadband seismogram and accelerogram data to investigate their relationships with earthquake parameters, including moment magnitude (Mw), Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Peak Ground Velocity (PGV), Peak Ground Displacement (PGD), and earthquake intensity. Earthquake events were selected from the BMKG earthquake catalogue for the period 2011–2024 in the West Sumatra region. Broadband seismogram and accelerogram recordings from these events were collected from seven BMKG seismic stations (PBSI, PDSI, PPI, PPSI, SISI, TDNI, and TRIYO). The final dataset comprised 76 earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than 5.0, each recorded by at least four of the seven BMKG stations. The research used the differentiation and integration of P-wave signals, and a Butterworth filter (0.075-4 Hz) was applied to remove noise and enhance signal quality. The analysis results indicate that displacement amplitude is correlated with PGA, PGV, and PGD, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. The predominant period is correlated with moment magnitude, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.7. Magnitude estimation based on displacement amplitude yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.7375, whereas estimation based on the predominant period yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.6791. Intensity estimation based on displacement amplitude and predominant period showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7 to 0.8. The results of this study are expected to provide supporting data for the development of an Earthquake Early Warning System in the Padang area and its surroundings, to minimize earthquake-related damage and provide optimal evacuation time for the community.
Co-Authors B. Subadyo B. Sulistyo Budiarta Budiarta Edy Santoso Jaya Murjaya K.R. Dewi Masturyono Masturyono Mochammad Riyadi Moehajirin Moehajirin Mujianto Mujianto N. Efendi N. Oktavia Nida Nur Faiza O. Sativa R. Madijono R. Pandhu Mahesworo R. Swastikarani Rayhan Irfan Hielmy S. Pramono Setyoajie Prayoedhie Siswoyo Siswoyo Suwarto Suwarto T.A. Wijaya Wandono Wandono