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All Journal Arena Hukum Jurnal Perkotaan Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan
Sih Yuliana Wahyuningtyas
Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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PEMBATASAN TERHADAP PERSAINGAN UNTUK MEMBENTUK PASAR DALAM KASUS STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENT (SEP) (PERBANDINGAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA DI INDONESIA DAN UNI EROPA) Sih Yuliana Wahyuningtyas
Arena Hukum Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01402.2

Abstract

AbstractThe role of patents is complex when dealing with the problem of technological interoperability in cases where patented technology becomes standard. In such cases, a balance is needed between the protection of the interests of the inventor, i.e. the standard essential patent (SEP) holder, and of users who need the technology to enter the market. There is a susceptibility to restrictions on competition to create markets (competition for the market). Market dominance can be created by the adoption of SEP holder technology as a standard and hence, a key for other business actors to enter the market. With the potential for the formation of a dominant position in the relevant market, the competition law intervention is required when patent abuse occurs, as it appears typical in the pharmaceutical and information technology industries. The normative research examines how competition law in the European Union deals with SEP cases in comparison to Indonesian competition law.AbstrakPeran paten menjadi kompleks ketika berhadapan dengan persoalan interoperabilitas teknologi ketika teknologi yang dipatenkan menjadi standard. Dalam kasus-kasus demikian, diperlukan adanya perimbangan antara perlindungan atas kepentingan inventor yang mememegang standard essential patent (SEP) dengan kepentingan pengguna yang membutuhkan teknologi tersebut untuk masuk ke dalam pasar. Dalam hal ini, rentan terjadi pembatasan atas persaingan untuk membentuk pasar (competition for the market). Dominasi pasar dapat tercipta dengan diterimanya teknologi pemegang SEP sebagai standard dan kunci bagi pelaku usaha lain untuk masuk ke dalam pasar. Dengan potensi terbentuknya posisi dominan dalam pasar yang relevan bagi pemegang SEP tersebut, ruang analisis menjadi terbuka untuk hukum persaingan usaha ketika terjadi penyalahgunaan paten sebagaimana tampak khas dalam industri farmasi dan teknologi informasi. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative ini menyajikan perkembangan yang terjadi di Uni Eropa. Permasalahan yang menjadi fokus dalam paper ini adalah analisis hukum persaingan usaha di Uni Eropa dalam kasus penyalahgunaan SEP dan perbandingannya dengan hukum persaingan Indonesia.
IMPLIKASI ALGORITHMIC DECISION-MAKING (ADM) TERHADAP OTONOMI SUBYEK DATA DAN LEGALITASNYA DALAM PEMROSESAN BIG DATA Wahyuningtyas, Sih Yuliana
Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL PARADIGMA HUKUM PEMBANGUNAN - AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/paradigma.v9i2.5890

Abstract

Penggunaan algorithmic decision making (ADM) dalam platform digital semakin lazim karena membawa kemudahan dan kemampuannya untuk pengambilan keputusan secara cepat. Contoh  prominen penggunaan ADM adalah dalam bentuk pemrofilan (profiling). ADM merupakan suatu proses atas input data untuk menghasilkan suatu penilaian atau pilihan guna mengambil keputusan dan dicirikan oleh analisis atas data dalam jumlah besar dan otomasi untuk pengambilan keputusan dan eksekusinya. Namun demikian, penggunaan ADM dapat pula membatasi hak subyek data untuk membuat keputusan atas dirinya. Untuk mengkaji persoalan tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi pustaka atas data sekunder dan analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, penggunaan ADM dapat membatasi otonomi subyek data dan karenanya dapat dilakukan hanya dengan persetujuan subyek data. Kedua, dalam hal ADM dilakukan dalam pemrosesan big data, persetujuan subyek data tetap harus ada dan untuk itu perlu dibuat system pengelolaan persetujuan yang akuntabel
Identifying the Effect of Harm on Competition in Price Parity Agreements Sih Yuliana Wahyuningtyas
Jurnal Perkotaan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/perkotaan.v14i2.5669

Abstract

The paper aims to examine the harmful elements of price parity agreements by expounding showcases from Indonesia and Germany and discussing whether the rule of reason is the best approach to prohibit price parity agreements. The research is based on a normative legal study using legal comparison (Indonesia, Germany, and the European Union); the data is collected employing library research. The harmful elements of price parity agreements lie in limiting the freedom of suppliers to set prices and creating entry barriers for new players. The rule of reason approach to defining illegality is based on assessing the harmful effects of conduct, which implies that the respective conduct as such (per se) is not prohibited and becomes prohibited only when the second part of the clause is met. Further, although an effect assessment is required, the approach does not require an actual effect. A potential effect is sufficient for the prohibition. The originality of the paper is found in three aspects: first, the analysis of legal theories and regulations by challenging them with a different approach from the current approach for competition law assessment; second, drawing conceptual solutions to deal with the current problems; and third, providing scientific arguments to underpin the use of the application approach.
Legal Issues of Online Reputation Portability in the Digital Economy Sih Yuliana Wahyuningtyas
Jurnal Perkotaan Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/perkotaan.v15i2.5670

Abstract

Reputation influences the level of trust and expectation of others either in social or business interactions. It becomes more important in the digital society, where interactions are often faceless and intangible. However, online reputation systems are usually built within a certain environment, thus locally, and cannot be used beyond that particular environment. A question arises whether such a local online reputation system could lead to lock-in problems that adversely affect competition. This paper begins the analysis by examining the legal aspects of user review as a set of information provided by a reviewer and the reputation as information about the reviewee provided to (other) users.  To analyze the legal aspects of online reputation portability, the paper discusses three key issues: first, the legal status of user reviews and addresses the issues of online reputation portability, as recognized under the new Indonesian Data Protection Act, Law No. 27 of 2022, in comparison to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Regulation (EU) 2016/679. Second, it explores whether the limitation of the use of online reputation leads to lock-in problems that might justify the intervention of competition law. Third, it examines online reputation as a reviewee’s asset and the impact of its limitation of use to competition in the viewpoint of Indonesian competition law under Law No. 5 of 1999 compared to EU competition law under Article 102 TFEU.
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