Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Chrpsomva bezziana, The Cause of Myiasis on animal And Human : Problem and Control Wardhana, April H
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Myiasis is an infestation of larvae (Diptera) into the live host tissue of warm-blooded animals including humans . This disease is often found in tropical countries, particularly in the community with low socio-economic level. From many flies causing myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana is medically the most important agent due to its obligate parasite property and causing economies losses . Some myiasis cases on humans and animals in Indonesia are caused by C. bezziana larvae infestation or mixed infestation with Sarcophaga sp . Sulawesi, East Sumba, Lombok, Sumbawa, Papua and Java islands were reported as myiasis endemic areas . Myiasis cases on animals occurred after parturition (vulval myiasis) then is followed by umbilical myiasis on their calf or traumatic wounds, while myiasis on humans are caused by untreated fresh wounds or chronic wounds such as leprosy, diabetes, etc . Besides, nature holes like nose, eyes, ears or mouth are also reported as entry port for those larvae . Clinical signs of myiasis are various and non-specific depends on location of infested part of body, i.e . fever, inflammation, pruritus, headache, vertigo, swelling and hipereosinophilia . There would be serious conditions with secondary infection by bacteria . Myiasis treatment on animals is simpler than humans . Surgical operation is often carried out on infested human part of bodies . Insecticides were used to treat animal myiasis but had raised resistant . Myiasis treatment on humans may be done locally or systemically . Antibiotic broad spectrum or which is suitable with culture and resistance status of bacteria were given for systemic treatment . Chloroform and turpentine with ratio 1 : 4 were used for local treatment . Some of essential oils have also been tested in laboratory as an alternative medicine for both humans and animals myiasis . Key words : Myiasis, human, animal, zoonosis, Chrysomya bezziana

Scabies, a Zoonotic Disease : Present and Future Challenge Wardhana, April H; Manurung, Joses; Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by a mite of Sarcoptes scabiei . It is found worldwide particularly in regions related with of poverty, remote area, poor sanitations and nutritional status in both human and animals . Scabies is transmitted by direct contact . The clinical signs are intensive pruritis or itchiness, erythrema, papula and vesicle . Infestation S. scabiei caused damage skin and raised animal death (50 - 100%) while 300 millions people per year were reported to suffer from scabies . Diagnosis of scabies is based on clinical signs and confirmed with gently scrapping the skin off burrow (seeking for eggs, faecals and mites) . Beside that, the diagnosis can be obtained by ink test, mineral oil or fluorescence tetracycline test . ELISA method for detecting human scabies still has a disadvantage because there is a cross-reaction between host skin and var . S. scabiei antigens . The development of scabies vaccine also has many problems . Some human scabies cases were suspected from their livestock or pet animals . It is required a good and synergic collaboration between both health and livestock agencies that involved both human and vet medicals, investigators, quarantine staffs including researchers. Those factors become a challenge at present and in the future to prevent the spreading of scabies to a larger area and to minimize scabies cases in both human and animal, particularly in the endemic area . Â Key words : Scabies, Sarcoptes scabiei, human, animal, zoonotic

The effect of âpatikan keboâ(Euphorbia hirta L) preparations on erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value of chicken infected with Eimeria tenella Wardhana, April H; Kencanawati, E; ., Nurmawati; ., Rahmaweni; Jatmiko, C.B
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 6, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Patikan keboâ (Euphorbia hirta L) is a medicinal plant mostly used to treat gastro-intestinal track problems empirically. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of distillation, infusion and extract of âpatikan keboâ (Euphorbia hirta L) preparations on erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value in chickens that were infected by Eimeria tenella. Twenty four Hubbard strain broiler chicken raised from one-day-old until three-week-old were used for this study and divided randomly into 4 groups: P 0 (control), P I (distillation treatment), P II (infusion treatment), and P III (extract treatment). A total of 5.000 oocyst of E. tenella were infected into each chicken and the dose of Euphorbia hirta L was 500 mg/kg Wb. A completely randomized design was used and the data were tested by ANOVA. The result indicated that distillation, infusion and extract preparations of Euphorbia hirta L had the potency to increase erythrocyte number, haemoglobin level and haematocrit value. Â Key word : Eimeria tenella, Euphorbia hirta L, erythrocyte, haemaoglobin, haematocrit

Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis isolat from several areas in Java and South Sulawesi for biological control of myasis, Chrysomya bezziana Muharsini, S; Wardhana, April H; Rijzaani, H; Amirhusein, B
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bacillus thuringiensis is a species of bacteria which has potential use for biological control of parasite. The aim of the study is to characterize the local isolate of B. thuringiensis using PCR technique. Primer of cry gen was used in the study. Two hundred and twenty seven soil samples were collected from several areas in Java Island and South Sulawesi Province. Samples were obtained from surrounding soils of animal housing and paddocks. Samples were inoculated in Nutrient Agar and the suspect of bacilli were then cultured in Luria Bertani acetic buffer. Seventy-three pure isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis were obtained. Thirty-five isolates from Bogor, Yogyakarta and Majalengka regencies were amplified using PCR and consisted of a B. thuringiensis sporulation gene which has a 850 bp band in an agarose gel. Amplification using cryIVA,B primers demonstrated four isolates contain a faint band of 800 bp and 12 isolates consist of a distinctive band of 300-400 bp. The results showed that several B. thuringiensis isolates containing a cry IV gen and those isolates are needed to be tested as a biological control agent for Chrysomya bezziana. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Chrysomya bezziana, biological control, cry IV gen

Reliable preservation methods of mitochondrial DNA analysis for larvae and adult flies of Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Wardhana, April H; Muharsini, S; ., Suhardono
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The Old World Screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana is known as a myiasis agent in Indonesia. The aim of the study is to establish a reliable preservation methods for molecular analysis of insect. Cytochrom b (CB) and Cytochrome Oxidase sub unit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA were used as markers. Drying method was used to preserve adult flies, while the larvae were kept in 10% formalin and 80% ethanol with or without soaked using hot water prior preservation. Two samples of each preservation were tested. Four primers were used to amplify samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR product were then purified and sequenced. Sequence data analysis of all samples suggested no differences between all preservation methods except using 10% formalin. Preservation samples using 10% formalin is not suitable for collecting mitochondrial DNA of insect. The best methods was using 80% ethanol with killed using hot water prior preservation. This method was able to extract a stabile mitochondrial DNA. Â Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, preservation, formalin, ethanol, mitochondrial DNA

diversity of myiasis fly, Chrysomya bezziana population in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA Wardhana, April H; Muharsini, S; Asmara, Widya
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Chrysomya bezziana is a fly causing myiasis in most livestock in Indonesia. To date, the genetic diversity of C. bezziana has been argued among researchers. The aim of this study was to analyse genetic diversity of C. bezziana population in Indonesia using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) as a marker. The preliminary study showed that the larvae instar III stadium (L3) was the most appropriate sample for molecular analysis and identification. Twenty-four L3 were collected from cattles, buffalos and horses in Bogor, Makassar and East Sumba. DNA samples were isolated from muscle tissue of the larvae. The fragment of cyt b gene (279 bp) was amplified using primer CB3FC-NINFA. The PCR product was subsequently purified, sequenced and analysed using PAUP version 4. The results showed that C. bezziana from Indonesia was different with those from Asia, basicaly for DNA sequences, however it had similar to those from Papua New Guinea. Two haplotypes were identified i.e. haplotype 6 (Makassar haplotype that similar to those from Papua New Guinea) and haplotype 7 (Bogor haplotype that similar to those from Makassar and East Sumba). Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, genetic diversity, mitochondrial DNA

icacy test of hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seeds for Chrysomya bezziana larvae growth in vitro Wardhana, April H; Widyastuti, E; Wiratmana, A.W.A; Muharsini, S; ., Darmono
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Chrysomya bezziana is primer agent causing myiasis in livestock and human throughout Africa to Asia. At present, treatment of myiasis using chemical synthetic insecticide causing environment and livestock production contaminations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seed to kill C. bezziana as botanical insecticide. Three level and method preparation of larvae (L1, L2 and L3) were carried out. Meat blood mixture (MBM) and larval rearing media (LRM) were mixed with hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed and tested to 625 and 750 larvae (L1and L2 respectively), while for L3 625 larvae were soaked in the solution containing the hexane extract. This last preparation was carried out to observe the effect of toxic contact. Each larvae treatment was divided into 5 levels such as negative control using distillation water (PO), given 0.25% hexane extract (P I); 0.50% (P II); 0.75% (P III) and positive control was given with 0.10% AsuntolÂ®. This assay was to know digest toxic effect of hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed for those larvae. Number of 625 instar III larvae (L3) was soaked in the solution containing the hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed for 10 second, placed into vermicullite and incubated on 36oC. This assay was to know contact toxic effect of them. All of larvae were allowed to become pupae. Parameters oberserve were number of larvae death, pupae weight and number of pupae become into fly. The data was analyzed using Anova (5%) and Z test (5%) then smallest significant difference test (BNT 5%). The results showed that 0.50% of hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed was able to decrease pupae weight for L1 and L2 and to cause fail pupae become fly (P<0.05). Instar III larvae (L3) soaked in PI until P III and not effect to pupae weight, pupae become fly and survival of adult flies (P>0.05). Â Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, myasis, srikaya, A. squamosa L, in vitro

The effectivity of Annona squamosa L seeds extracted by diverse organic solvents: water, methanol and hexane against mortality of tick larvae, Boophilus microplus in vitro Wardhana, April H; Husein, Amir; Manurung, J
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Boophilus microplus is the most important pest in livestock industries. The use of synthetic chemical acaricides is the main method of tick control, however, chemical acaricides are expensive, and they are harmful to environment and cause strain resistance. The aim of study was to investigate the affectivity of Annona squamosa L seeds extracted by diverse organic solvents such as water, methanol and hexane against mortality of Boophilus microplus larvae in vitro. Five hundred and fifty larvae were used in this study and divided into three groups e.g. water (3, 4 and 5% concentration), methanol and hexane extract groups (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% concentration). Coumaphos (0.50%) was used as a positive control. The larvae were dipped into extract solution for 10 seconds and dried using filter paper. Their mortality was observed from one to five hours. The mortality data were transformed to Abbot formula and analyzed using probit analysis with 95% significant level. This study showed that the active compound of Annona squamosa L seeds had effectively contact toxic property for B. microplus larvae at 5, 0.50, and 0.75% for water, methanol and hexane extractions, respectively. The lethal concentrations of methanol extract (LC50, LC90, and LC95) were lower than hexane extract e.g. 0.32, 0.86, and 1.13%, respectively and for hexane extract were 0.35, 1.11, and 1.54%, respectively at fifth hour. The lethal times of methanol extract on 0.50% concentration were shorter than hexane extract e.g. 3.12 hours (LT50), 5.86 hours (LT90), and 7.00 hours (LT95) and for hexane extract on 0.75% concentration were 3.26 hours (LT50), 6.21 hours (LT90), and 7.45 hours (LT95). Water extract of 5% concentration was effective for traditional farmer in rural area due to easy and cheap method. The lethal concentrations of water extract on fifth hour were 2.02% (LC50), 4.00% (LC90), and 4.85% (LC95) and the lethal time on 5% concentration were 2.54 hours (LT50), 4.13 hours (LT90), and 4.75 hours (LT95). Â Â Key Words: Annona squamosa, Boophilus microplus, Water Extract, Methanol, Hexane

Identification of volatile compounds from myiasis wounds and its responsesfor Chrysomya bezziana Wardhana, April H; ., Sukarsih; Urech, R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Development of attractant for screwworm fly was required in myiasis control on livestock. The purpose of this study is to identify of volatile compounds from myiasis wound infested with Chrysomya bezziana larvae including to assess their responses in both cage and room assays. Both Friesian-Holstein heifer (FH) (animal 1) and Bali cattle (animal 2) were used as myiasis model. The artificial wounds (8-10 cm) were conducted on the rump of both animals and infested with about 200 eggs of C.bezziana. Odours from the infested wound were collected on day 1 and 3 for animal1 and day 3 and 5 for animal 2, post C. bezziana larvae infestation. Two different collection devices were used: firstly, absorption onto Tenax kept in steel tubes, whichwas attached to a collected bowl. The volatile organic compounds were collected from the wound and the surrounding animal hide by flowins the air through the inlet and outlet. Secondly, a solid phase micro extraction (SPME) device was inserted into bowl with passive (no air flow) odour collection. Gass chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify volatile compounds from wound. The compounds of the wound on animal 1, collected on day 1, produced only minor quantities of compounds (nonanal, decanal, hexanal and heptanal). Minor components such as DMDS and DMTS were only detected on day 3. The compounds of the wound on animal 2 was more varied and had a peculiar strike-like smell on day 3 and 5. They included indole, phenol, acetone, various sulfides (DMS, DMDS, DMTS), alcohols (butanol, 3-methylbutanol), aldehydes and acids. These compounds were selected and formulated into attractant (B92) then tested in both cage and room assays using SL-2 as control. Respond of flies was analyzed by ANOVA 5% (cage assay) and T test 5% (room assay). The result showed that the fly response to B92 was very low compared to SL-2 in cage assays (P<0.05). The addition of B92 to SL-2 could not increase the catch of flies in the cage assays (SL-2+B92=10:1; 10:3), there was no difference between SL-2 and B92/SL-2 in room assay, the fly response still low (P>0.05). Â Â Key Words: Volatile Compound, Myiasis, Wound, Chrysomya bezziana

In vitro study of larvacidal effect of Chrysomya bezziana between atsiri oil (Piper betle leaf) from Sri Lanka and Bogor Wardhana, April H; Muharsini, S; Santosa, S; Arambewela, L.S.R; Kumarasinghe, S.P.W
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Treatment of myiasis caused by the larvae of Chrysomya bezziana resulted variation results. The aim of the experiment are to compare larvacidal effect of atsiri oil of Piper betle leaf originated from Sri Lanka and Bogor agains Chrysomya bezziana larvae and to identify atsiri oil using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).Â Silica gel plate GF254 with toluena and ethyl ecetate as diluents was used in TLC. L1 and L2 of Chrysomya bezziana larvae were used for in vitro assay using agar plate contained atsiri oil of three concentrations ie. 2, 3 and 4%. Asuntol 1% and aquadest sterile were used as positive and negative control, respectively. Ten larvae were used in five replicates. The larvae were observed every 30 minutes for four hours. Larval mortality were counted and probit analysed using POLO-PC software, therefore the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC95) and lethal time (LT50 and LT95) were defined. The results showed there was a difference on migration distance between atsiri oil from Sri Lanka and Bogor on nRf 79-88 analysed using TLC. In vitro assay showed that both lethal concentration and lethal time of atsiri oil from Sri Lanka was higher than from Bogor. This results indicated that larvacidal effect of atsiri oil from Bogor was stronger than atsiri oil from Sri Lanka in in vitro both on L1 and L2. Key Words: Piper Bitle Leaf, Atsiri Oil, Chrysomya bezziana, Sri Lanka, Bogor

Title

Found 23 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 23 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 23 Documents
Search